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Added to tutorial.

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Bruce Hill 2019-01-19 18:00:44 -08:00
parent 5a99a24176
commit 3b6d3553c8
1 changed files with 128 additions and 8 deletions
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lib/tools/tutorial.nom
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@ -19,19 +19,53 @@ use "shell"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
$lessons = [
lesson "Variables":
# In Nomsu, variables have a "$" prefix, and you can just assign to them
without declaring them first:
$x = 10
assume $x == 10
# Variables which have not yet been set have the value (nil)
assume $foobar == (nil)
# Variables can be nameless:
$ = 99
# Or have spaces, if surrounded with parentheses:
$(my favorite number) = 23
# Figure out what value $my_var should have:
$my_var = 100
$my_var = ($my_var + $x + $(my favorite number))
assume $my_var == (???)
lesson "Actions":
# Fix this action so the tests pass, then save and quit.
# If the tests don't pass, you can come back to this file later.
($x doubled) means ((???) * $x)
# Tests:
for $ in 1 to 10:
assume ($ doubled) == (2 * $)
assume (2 doubled) == 4
assume (-5 doubled) == -10
lesson "Blocks":
# When you need to do multiple things inside an action, use a block.
# Blocks are written with a colon followed by some indented code:
($x doubled then squared) means:
$x = (2 * $x)
$x = (???)
return $x
# Blocks are also used for loops and conditionals:
for $num in [0, -1, 10, 4]:
$correct_answer = (4 * ($num * $num))
if (($num doubled then squared) != $correct_answer):
fail "Wrong answer for \$num!"
lesson "Conditionals":
# Make this action return (yes) if its argument
# is bigger than 99, otherwise return (no)
($n is a big number) means:
# Make this action return "big" if its argument
# is bigger than 99, otherwise return "small"
(the size of $n) means:
if (<your code here>):
<your code here>
..else:
@ -39,15 +73,16 @@ $lessons = [
# Tests:
for $small_number in [0, 1, -5, -999, 99]:
assume ($small_number is a big number) == (no)
assume (the size of $small_number) == "small"
for $big_number in [9999, 100]:
assume ($big_number is a big number) == (yes)
assume (the size of $big_number) == "big"
lesson "Loops":
# Fix this action so the tests pass:
(the sum of $numbers) means:
$sum = 0
# You can loop over the values in a list like this:
for $number in $numbers:
# Hint: math expressions may need parentheses
<your code here>
@ -57,6 +92,12 @@ $lessons = [
assume (the sum of [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 15
assume (the sum of [100, 200]) == 300
# You can also loop over a number range like this:
$total = 0
for $i in 1 to 3:
$total = ($total + $i)
assume $total == (???)
lesson "Variable Scopes":
# A nomsu variable that has not yet been assigned to is (nil)
assume $never_assigned == (nil)
@ -135,6 +176,85 @@ $lessons = [
# Note: a 'try' block will silence failures, so this has no effect:
try: fail
lesson "Indexing":
# Nomsu uses the "." operator to access things inside an object:
$dictionary = {.dog = "A lovable doofus", .cat = "An internet superstar"}
assume $dictionary.dog == "A lovable doofus"
assume $dictionary.cat == (???)
# If you try to access a key that's not in an object, the result is (nil):
assume $dictionary.mimsy == (???)
# $dictionary.dog is just a shorthand for $dictionary."dog".
You may need to use the longer form for strings with spaces:
$dictionary."guinea pig" = "A real-life tribble"
# Dictionaries are created with curly braces ({}) and can have
anything as a key or value, including numbers or other dictionaries:
$dictionary.5 = "The number five"
$dictionary.five = 5
$dictionary.myself = $dictionary
assume $dictionary.myself == (???)
# Lists are similar, but use square brackets ([])
and can only have numbers as keys, starting at 1:
$list = ["first", "second", 999]
assume $list.1 == "first"
assume $list.2 == (???)
assume $list.3 == (???)
# Hint: 4 should be a missing key
assume $list.4 == (???)
assume $list.foobar == (???)
# The "#" action gets the number of items inside something:
assume (#$list) == (???)
assume (#{.x = 10, .y = 20}) == (???)
lesson "Methods":
# The "," is used for method calls, which means calling an action
that's stored on an object (with the object as the first argument).
# Lists have an "add" method that puts new items at the end:
$list = [-4, -6, 5]
$list, add 3
assume $list == [-4, -6, 5, 3]
$list, add 7
assume $list == [???]
# Text also has some methods like:
$name = "Harry Tuttle"
assume ($name, character 7) == "T"
assume ($name, with "Tuttle" -> "Buttle") == (???)
# Methods can be chained too:
assume ($name, with "Tuttle" -> "Buttle", character 7) == (???)
lesson "Object Oriented Programming":
# Object Oriented Programming deals with things that have
associated values and behaviors.
# Here, we define a Buffer to be a thing that has a .bits value:
(a Buffer) is (a thing) with [$bits]:
# And some methods:
($self, set up) means:
# This method runs when a new buffer is created
$bits = []
# This method is used to add to a buffer
($self, add $bit) means:
$bits, add $bit
($self, length) means:
# Write some code that returns the total length of all
the bits on this buffer.
# Hint: the length operator (#$foo) works on text
<your code here>
$b = (a Buffer)
$b, add "xx"
$b, add "yyy"
assume ($b, length) == 5
assume ($b, joined) == "xxyyy"
]
command line program with $args: