From 6894dc69374efcc23619e93b040a4224588054cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bruce Hill <bruce@bruce-hill.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Jan 2026 23:03:00 -0500
Subject: Refactor some AST logic to keep Ints/Reals as "Integer" and "Number"
 AST nodes and use improved parsing logic from Int/Real

---
 src/ast.h                 |   4 +-
 src/compile/functions.c   |  13 ++--
 src/compile/integers.c    |  38 ++++++++---
 src/compile/lists.c       |  12 ++--
 src/compile/loops.c       |   6 +-
 src/compile/promotions.c  |   6 +-
 src/formatter/formatter.c |   5 +-
 src/parse/functions.c     |   4 +-
 src/parse/numbers.c       |  24 +++++--
 src/stdlib/bigint.h       |   3 +-
 src/stdlib/reals.c        | 170 ++++++++++++++++------------------------------
 src/typecheck.c           |   4 +-
 12 files changed, 130 insertions(+), 159 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/ast.h b/src/ast.h
index 023b390b..8a10e877 100644
--- a/src/ast.h
+++ b/src/ast.h
@@ -300,10 +300,10 @@ struct ast_s {
             const char *name;
         } Var;
         struct {
-            const char *str;
+            Int_t i;
         } Integer;
         struct {
-            double n;
+            Real_t n;
         } Number;
         struct {
             Text_t text;
diff --git a/src/compile/functions.c b/src/compile/functions.c
index 2784bedd..2f52cf18 100644
--- a/src/compile/functions.c
+++ b/src/compile/functions.c
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
 #include "../stdlib/floats.h"
 #include "../stdlib/integers.h"
-#include "../stdlib/optionals.h"
 #include "../stdlib/tables.h"
 #include "../stdlib/text.h"
 #include "../stdlib/util.h"
@@ -82,8 +81,7 @@ Text_t compile_arguments(env_t *env, ast_t *call_ast, arg_t *spec_args, arg_ast_
             if (spec_arg->type->tag == IntType && call_arg->value->tag == Integer) {
                 value = compile_int_to_type(env, call_arg->value, spec_arg->type);
             } else if (spec_arg->type->tag == FloatType && call_arg->value->tag == Integer) {
-                OptionalInt_t int_val = Int$from_str(Match(call_arg->value, Integer)->str);
-                if (int_val.small == 0) code_err(call_arg->value, "Failed to parse this integer");
+                Int_t int_val = Match(call_arg->value, Integer)->i;
                 if (Match(spec_arg->type, FloatType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64)
                     value = Text$from_str(String(hex_double(Float64$from_int(int_val, false))));
                 else value = Text$from_str(String(hex_double((double)Float32$from_int(int_val, false)), "f"));
@@ -106,8 +104,7 @@ Text_t compile_arguments(env_t *env, ast_t *call_ast, arg_t *spec_args, arg_ast_
                 if (spec_arg->type->tag == IntType && call_arg->value->tag == Integer) {
                     value = compile_int_to_type(env, call_arg->value, spec_arg->type);
                 } else if (spec_arg->type->tag == FloatType && call_arg->value->tag == Integer) {
-                    OptionalInt_t int_val = Int$from_str(Match(call_arg->value, Integer)->str);
-                    if (int_val.small == 0) code_err(call_arg->value, "Failed to parse this integer");
+                    Int_t int_val = Match(call_arg->value, Integer)->i;
                     if (Match(spec_arg->type, FloatType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64)
                         value = Text$from_str(String(hex_double(Float64$from_int(int_val, false))));
                     else value = Text$from_str(String(hex_double((double)Float32$from_int(int_val, false)), "f"));
@@ -829,13 +826,13 @@ Text_t compile_function(env_t *env, Text_t name_code, ast_t *ast, Text_t *static
         definition = Texts(definition, wrapper);
     } else if (cache && cache->tag == Integer) {
         assert(args);
-        OptionalInt64_t cache_size = Int64$parse(Text$from_str(Match(cache, Integer)->str), NONE_INT, NULL);
+        int64_t cache_size = Int64$from_int(Match(cache, Integer)->i, false);
         Text_t pop_code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-        if (cache->tag == Integer && cache_size.has_value && cache_size.value > 0) {
+        if (cache->tag == Integer && cache_size > 0) {
             // FIXME: this currently just deletes the first entry, but this
             // should be more like a least-recently-used cache eviction policy
             // or least-frequently-used
-            pop_code = Texts("if (cache.entries.length > ", cache_size.value,
+            pop_code = Texts("if (cache.entries.length > ", cache_size,
                              ") Table$remove(&cache, cache.entries.data + "
                              "cache.entries.stride*0, table_type);\n");
         }
diff --git a/src/compile/integers.c b/src/compile/integers.c
index ea316218..ace98aa8 100644
--- a/src/compile/integers.c
+++ b/src/compile/integers.c
@@ -30,17 +30,17 @@ Text_t compile_int_to_type(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *target) {
                      ", .has_value=true})");
     }
 
-    const char *literal = Match(ast, Integer)->str;
-    OptionalInt_t int_val = Int$from_str(literal);
-    if (int_val.small == 0) code_err(ast, "Failed to parse this integer");
+    OptionalInt_t int_val = Match(ast, Integer)->i;
+
+    Text_t source = ast_source(ast);
 
     mpz_t i;
     mpz_init_set_int(i, int_val);
 
     char *c_literal;
-    if (strncmp(literal, "0x", 2) == 0 || strncmp(literal, "0X", 2) == 0 || strncmp(literal, "0b", 2) == 0) {
+    if (Text$has(source, Text("0x")) || Text$has(source, Text("0X")) || Text$has(source, Text("0b"))) {
         gmp_asprintf(&c_literal, "0x%ZX", i);
-    } else if (strncmp(literal, "0o", 2) == 0) {
+    } else if (Text$has(source, Text("0o"))) {
         gmp_asprintf(&c_literal, "%#Zo", i);
     } else {
         gmp_asprintf(&c_literal, "%#Zd", i);
@@ -82,16 +82,32 @@ Text_t compile_int_to_type(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *target) {
 
 public
 Text_t compile_int(ast_t *ast) {
-    const char *str = Match(ast, Integer)->str;
-    OptionalInt_t int_val = Int$from_str(str);
-    if (int_val.small == 0) code_err(ast, "Failed to parse this integer");
+    Int_t int_val = Match(ast, Integer)->i;
     mpz_t i;
     mpz_init_set_int(i, int_val);
+
+    OptionalText_t source = ast_source(ast);
+    char *c_literal;
+    if (Text$has(source, Text("0x")) || Text$has(source, Text("0X")) || Text$has(source, Text("0b"))) {
+        gmp_asprintf(&c_literal, "0x%ZX", i);
+    } else if (Text$has(source, Text("0o"))) {
+        gmp_asprintf(&c_literal, "%#Zo", i);
+    } else {
+        gmp_asprintf(&c_literal, "%#Zd", i);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: preserve base
     if (mpz_cmpabs_ui(i, BIGGEST_SMALL_INT) <= 0) {
-        return Texts("I_small(", str, ")");
+        return Texts("I_small(", c_literal, ")");
     } else if (mpz_cmp_si(i, INT64_MAX) <= 0 && mpz_cmp_si(i, INT64_MIN) >= 0) {
-        return Texts("Int$from_int64(", str, ")");
+        return Texts("Int$from_int64(", c_literal, ")");
+    } else if (source.tag == TEXT_NONE) {
+        return Texts("Int$from_str(\"", int_val, "\")");
     } else {
-        return Texts("Int$from_str(\"", str, "\")");
+        source = Text$replace(source, Text("("), Text(""));
+        source = Text$replace(source, Text(")"), Text(""));
+        source = Text$replace(source, Text(" "), Text(""));
+        source = Text$replace(source, Text("_"), Text(""));
+        return Texts("Int$from_str(\"", source, "\")");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/compile/lists.c b/src/compile/lists.c
index 9c969d2c..da125549 100644
--- a/src/compile/lists.c
+++ b/src/compile/lists.c
@@ -83,28 +83,28 @@ Text_t compile_list_method_call(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
         EXPECT_POINTER();
         arg_t *arg_spec =
             new (arg_t, .name = "item", .type = item_t,
-                 .next = new (arg_t, .name = "at", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .str = "0")));
+                 .next = new (arg_t, .name = "at", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .i = I(0))));
         return Texts("List$insert_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
                      padded_item_size, ")");
     } else if (streq(call->name, "insert_all")) {
         EXPECT_POINTER();
         arg_t *arg_spec =
             new (arg_t, .name = "items", .type = self_value_t,
-                 .next = new (arg_t, .name = "at", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .str = "0")));
+                 .next = new (arg_t, .name = "at", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .i = I(0))));
         return Texts("List$insert_all(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
                      padded_item_size, ")");
     } else if (streq(call->name, "remove_at")) {
         EXPECT_POINTER();
         arg_t *arg_spec =
-            new (arg_t, .name = "index", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .str = "-1"),
-                 .next = new (arg_t, .name = "count", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .str = "1")));
+            new (arg_t, .name = "index", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .i = I(-1)),
+                 .next = new (arg_t, .name = "count", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .i = I(1))));
         return Texts("List$remove_at(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
                      padded_item_size, ")");
     } else if (streq(call->name, "remove_item")) {
         EXPECT_POINTER();
         arg_t *arg_spec = new (
             arg_t, .name = "item", .type = item_t,
-            .next = new (arg_t, .name = "max_count", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .str = "-1")));
+            .next = new (arg_t, .name = "max_count", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .i = I(-1))));
         return Texts("List$remove_item_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
                      compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
     } else if (streq(call->name, "has")) {
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Text_t compile_list_method_call(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
         return Texts("Table$from_entries(", self, ", Table$info(", compile_type_info(item_t), ", &Present$$info))");
     } else if (streq(call->name, "pop")) {
         EXPECT_POINTER();
-        arg_t *arg_spec = new (arg_t, .name = "index", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, "-1"));
+        arg_t *arg_spec = new (arg_t, .name = "index", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .i = I(-1)));
         Text_t index = compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args);
         return Texts("List$pop(", self, ", ", index, ", ", compile_type(item_t), ", _, ",
                      promote_to_optional(item_t, Text("_")), ", ", compile_none(item_t), ")");
diff --git a/src/compile/loops.c b/src/compile/loops.c
index f3ae9b59..8dd8eca3 100644
--- a/src/compile/loops.c
+++ b/src/compile/loops.c
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Text_t compile_for_loop(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
         // Special case for Int.onward()
         arg_ast_t *args = Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->args;
         arg_t *arg_spec =
-            new (arg_t, .name = "step", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .str = "1"), .next = NULL);
+            new (arg_t, .name = "step", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Integer, .i = I(1)), .next = NULL);
         Text_t step = compile_arguments(env, for_->iter, arg_spec, args);
         Text_t value = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : Text("i");
         return Texts("for (Int_t ", value, " = ", compile(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self), ", ",
@@ -232,9 +232,7 @@ Text_t compile_for_loop(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
     case BigIntType: {
         Text_t n;
         if (for_->iter->tag == Integer) {
-            const char *str = Match(for_->iter, Integer)->str;
-            Int_t int_val = Int$from_str(str);
-            if (int_val.small == 0) code_err(for_->iter, "Failed to parse this integer");
+            Int_t int_val = Match(for_->iter, Integer)->i;
             mpz_t i;
             mpz_init_set_int(i, int_val);
             if (mpz_cmpabs_ui(i, BIGGEST_SMALL_INT) <= 0) n = Text$from_str(mpz_get_str(NULL, 10, i));
diff --git a/src/compile/promotions.c b/src/compile/promotions.c
index a13108e5..a4d6b9b3 100644
--- a/src/compile/promotions.c
+++ b/src/compile/promotions.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "../ast.h"
 #include "../environment.h"
 #include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+#include "../stdlib/reals.h"
 #include "../stdlib/text.h"
 #include "../typecheck.h"
 #include "../types.h"
@@ -139,8 +140,11 @@ Text_t compile_to_type(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *t) {
 
     if (ast->tag == Integer && is_numeric_type(non_optional(t))) {
         return compile_int_to_type(env, ast, t);
+    } else if (ast->tag == Number && t->tag == RealType) {
+        return compile(env, ast);
     } else if (ast->tag == Number && t->tag == FloatType) {
-        double n = Match(ast, Number)->n;
+        Real_t real = Match(ast, Number)->n;
+        double n = Real$as_float64(real, true);
         switch (Match(t, FloatType)->bits) {
         case TYPE_NBITS64: return Text$from_str(String(hex_double(n)));
         case TYPE_NBITS32: return Text$from_str(String(hex_double(n), "f"));
diff --git a/src/formatter/formatter.c b/src/formatter/formatter.c
index 3a6001b6..0441f9c0 100644
--- a/src/formatter/formatter.c
+++ b/src/formatter/formatter.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
 #include "../stdlib/integers.h"
 #include "../stdlib/optionals.h"
+#include "../stdlib/reals.h"
 #include "../stdlib/stdlib.h"
 #include "../stdlib/text.h"
 #include "args.h"
@@ -329,11 +330,11 @@ OptionalText_t format_inline_code(ast_t *ast, Table_t comments) {
         return Match(ast, Bool)->b ? Text("yes") : Text("no");
     /*inline*/ case Integer: {
         OptionalText_t source = ast_source(ast);
-        return source.length > 0 ? source : Text$from_str(Match(ast, Integer)->str);
+        return source.length > 0 ? source : Int$value_as_text(Match(ast, Integer)->i);
     }
     /*inline*/ case Number: {
         OptionalText_t source = ast_source(ast);
-        return source.length > 0 ? source : Text$from_str(String(Match(ast, Number)->n));
+        return source.length > 0 ? source : Real$value_as_text(Match(ast, Number)->n);
     }
     /*inline*/ case Var:
         return Text$from_str(Match(ast, Var)->name);
diff --git a/src/parse/functions.c b/src/parse/functions.c
index e4eb1317..6dfa2509 100644
--- a/src/parse/functions.c
+++ b/src/parse/functions.c
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ ast_t *parse_func_def(parse_ctx_t *ctx, const char *pos) {
         if (match_word(&pos, "inline")) {
             is_inline = true;
         } else if (match_word(&pos, "cached")) {
-            if (!cache_ast) cache_ast = NewAST(ctx->file, pos, pos, Integer, .str = "-1");
+            if (!cache_ast) cache_ast = NewAST(ctx->file, pos, pos, Integer, .i = I(-1));
         } else if (match_word(&pos, "cache_size")) {
             whitespace(ctx, &pos);
             if (!match(&pos, "=")) parser_err(ctx, flag_start, pos, "I expected a value for 'cache_size'");
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ ast_t *parse_convert_def(parse_ctx_t *ctx, const char *pos) {
         if (match_word(&pos, "inline")) {
             is_inline = true;
         } else if (match_word(&pos, "cached")) {
-            if (!cache_ast) cache_ast = NewAST(ctx->file, pos, pos, Integer, .str = "-1");
+            if (!cache_ast) cache_ast = NewAST(ctx->file, pos, pos, Integer, .i = I(-1));
         } else if (match_word(&pos, "cache_size")) {
             whitespace(ctx, &pos);
             if (!match(&pos, "=")) parser_err(ctx, flag_start, pos, "I expected a value for 'cache_size'");
diff --git a/src/parse/numbers.c b/src/parse/numbers.c
index 1ab774b4..1c9c6aa1 100644
--- a/src/parse/numbers.c
+++ b/src/parse/numbers.c
@@ -10,8 +10,14 @@
 #include <uniname.h>
 
 #include "../ast.h"
+#include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+#include "../stdlib/integers.h"
+#include "../stdlib/optionals.h"
+#include "../stdlib/reals.h"
+#include "../stdlib/text.h"
 #include "context.h"
 #include "errors.h"
+#include "numbers.h"
 #include "utils.h"
 
 static const double RADIANS_PER_DEGREE = 0.0174532925199432957692369076848861271344287188854172545609719144;
@@ -39,14 +45,16 @@ ast_t *parse_int(parse_ctx_t *ctx, const char *pos) {
         return NULL;
 
     if (match(&pos, "%")) {
-        double n = strtod(str, NULL) / 100.;
-        return NewAST(ctx->file, start, pos, Number, .n = n);
+        return parse_num(ctx, start);
     } else if (match(&pos, "deg")) {
-        double n = strtod(str, NULL) * RADIANS_PER_DEGREE;
-        return NewAST(ctx->file, start, pos, Number, .n = n);
+        return parse_num(ctx, start);
     }
 
-    return NewAST(ctx->file, start, pos, Integer, .str = str);
+    Text_t text = Text$from_strn(start, (size_t)(pos - start));
+    Text_t remainder;
+    OptionalInt_t i = Int$parse(text, NONE_INT, &remainder);
+    assert(i.small != 0);
+    return NewAST(ctx->file, start, pos, Integer, .i = i);
 }
 
 ast_t *parse_num(parse_ctx_t *ctx, const char *pos) {
@@ -77,5 +85,9 @@ ast_t *parse_num(parse_ctx_t *ctx, const char *pos) {
     if (match(&pos, "%")) d /= 100.;
     else if (match(&pos, "deg")) d *= RADIANS_PER_DEGREE;
 
-    return NewAST(ctx->file, start, pos, Number, .n = d);
+    Text_t text = Text$from_strn(start, (size_t)(pos - start));
+    Text_t remainder;
+    OptionalReal_t real = Real$parse(text, &remainder);
+    if (Real$is_none(&real, &Real$info)) return NULL;
+    return NewAST(ctx->file, start, pos, Number, .n = real);
 }
diff --git a/src/stdlib/bigint.h b/src/stdlib/bigint.h
index ae95b224..2c93b5ec 100644
--- a/src/stdlib/bigint.h
+++ b/src/stdlib/bigint.h
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ bool Int$get_bit(Int_t x, Int_t bit_index);
 
 #define I_small(i) ((Int_t){.small = (int64_t)((uint64_t)(i) << 2L) | 1L})
 #define I(i) _Generic(i, int8_t: I_small(i), int16_t: I_small(i), default: Int$from_int64(i))
-#define I_is_zero(i) ((i).small == 1L)
+#define Int$is_zero(i) ((i).small == 1L)
+#define Int$is_small(i) (((i).small & 1L) == 1L)
 
 Int_t Int$slow_plus(Int_t x, Int_t y);
 Int_t Int$slow_minus(Int_t x, Int_t y);
diff --git a/src/stdlib/reals.c b/src/stdlib/reals.c
index 6a6d7dc7..e35795c2 100644
--- a/src/stdlib/reals.c
+++ b/src/stdlib/reals.c
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include "bigint.h"
 #include "datatypes.h"
 #include "floats.h"
-#include "optionals.h"
 #include "reals.h"
 #include "text.h"
 #include "types.h"
@@ -207,6 +206,9 @@ double Real$as_float64(Real_t n, bool truncate) {
 
 public
 Real_t Real$plus(Real_t a, Real_t b) {
+    if (a.u64 == 0) return b;
+    else if (b.u64 == 0) return a;
+
     if (!Real$is_boxed(a) && !Real$is_boxed(b)) {
         feclearexcept(FE_INEXACT);
         volatile double result = a.d + b.d;
@@ -238,6 +240,9 @@ Real_t Real$plus(Real_t a, Real_t b) {
 
 public
 Real_t Real$minus(Real_t a, Real_t b) {
+    if (b.u64 == 0) return a;
+    else if (a.u64 == 0) return Real$negative(b);
+
     if (!Real$is_boxed(a) && !Real$is_boxed(b)) {
         feclearexcept(FE_INEXACT);
         volatile double result = a.d - b.d;
@@ -267,6 +272,9 @@ Real_t Real$minus(Real_t a, Real_t b) {
 
 public
 Real_t Real$times(Real_t a, Real_t b) {
+    if (a.d == 1.0) return b;
+    if (b.d == 1.0) return a;
+
     if (!Real$is_boxed(a) && !Real$is_boxed(b)) {
         feclearexcept(FE_INEXACT);
         volatile double result = a.d * b.d;
@@ -312,6 +320,8 @@ Real_t Real$times(Real_t a, Real_t b) {
 
 public
 Real_t Real$divided_by(Real_t a, Real_t b) {
+    if (b.d == 1.0) return a;
+
     if (!Real$is_boxed(a) && !Real$is_boxed(b)) {
         feclearexcept(FE_INEXACT);
         volatile double result = a.d / b.d;
@@ -684,133 +694,67 @@ public
 Text_t Real$value_as_text(Real_t n) {
     return Real$as_text(&n, false, &Real$info);
 }
+
 public
 OptionalReal_t Real$parse(Text_t text, Text_t *remainder) {
-    const char *str = Text$as_c_string(text);
-    // Handle empty or null
-    if (!str || !*str) return NONE_REAL;
-
-    const char *p = str;
-    const char *start = p;
-
-    // Skip leading whitespace
-    while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
-        p++;
-
-    // Skip optional sign
-    if (*p == '-' || *p == '+') p++;
-
-    // Must have at least one digit
-    if (!(*p >= '0' && *p <= '9')) return NONE_REAL;
-
-    // Scan digits before decimal point
-    while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9')
-        p++;
-
-    // Check for decimal point
-    bool has_dot = (*p == '.');
-    if (has_dot) {
-        p++;
-        // Scan digits after decimal point
-        while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9')
-            p++;
-    }
-
-    // Check for exponent (not supported yet, but detect it)
-    bool has_exp = (*p == 'e' || *p == 'E');
-    if (has_exp) return NONE_REAL; // Don't support scientific notation yet
-
-    // Now p points to first non-digit character
-    // Extract the valid number portion
-    ptrdiff_t num_len = p - start;
-    char buf[256];
-    if (num_len >= 256) return NONE_REAL;
-    strncpy(buf, start, (size_t)num_len);
-    buf[num_len] = '\0';
-
-    // If there's remaining text and no remainder pointer, fail
-    if (*p != '\0' && remainder == NULL) return NONE_REAL;
-
-    // Set remainder if provided
-    if (remainder) {
-        *remainder = Text$from_str(p);
-    }
-
-    // Now parse buf as number
-    if (!has_dot) {
-        // Integer
-        char *endptr;
-        long long val = strtoll(buf, &endptr, 10);
-        if (endptr == buf + num_len) {
-            return Real$from_int64(val);
+    OptionalInt_t int_part = Int$parse(text, I(10), &text);
+    if (int_part.small == 0) {
+        if (Text$starts_with(text, Text("."), NULL)) {
+            int_part = I(0);
+        } else {
+            if (remainder) *remainder = text;
+            return NONE_REAL;
         }
-
-        // Too large for int64, use GMP
-        OptionalInt_t b = Int$parse(Text$from_str(buf), NONE_INT, NULL);
-        if (b.small == 0) return NONE_REAL;
-        Int_t *bi = GC_MALLOC(sizeof(Int_t));
-        *bi = b;
-        return box_ptr(bi, REAL_TAG_BIGINT);
     }
 
-    // Decimal - convert to rational
-    rational_t *r = GC_MALLOC(sizeof(rational_t));
-    mpq_init(&r->value);
+    Real_t ret = Real$from_int(int_part);
+
+    Text_t after_decimal;
+    if (Text$starts_with(text, Text("."), &after_decimal)) {
+        text = after_decimal;
+        // Count zeroes:
+        TextIter_t state = NEW_TEXT_ITER_STATE(text);
+        int64_t i = 0, digits = 0;
+        for (; i < text.length; i++) {
+            int32_t g = Text$get_grapheme_fast(&state, i);
+            if ('0' <= g && g <= '9') digits += 1;
+            else if (g == '_') continue;
+            else break;
+        }
 
-    // Count decimal places
-    const char *dot_pos = strchr(buf, '.');
-    int decimal_places = 0;
-    if (dot_pos) {
-        const char *d = dot_pos + 1;
-        while (*d >= '0' && *d <= '9') {
-            decimal_places++;
-            d++;
+        if (digits > 0) {
+            // n = int_part + 10^digits * fractional_part
+            OptionalInt_t fractional_part = Int$parse(text, I(10), &after_decimal);
+            if (fractional_part.small != 0 && !Int$is_zero(fractional_part)) {
+                ret = Real$plus(
+                    ret, Real$divided_by(Real$from_int(fractional_part), Real$from_float64(pow(10., (double)digits))));
+            }
         }
+        text = after_decimal;
     }
 
-    // Remove decimal point
-    char int_buf[256];
-    int j = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; buf[i] && j < 255; i++) {
-        if (buf[i] != '.') {
-            int_buf[j++] = buf[i];
+    Text_t after_exp;
+    if (Text$starts_with(text, Text("e"), &after_exp) || Text$starts_with(text, Text("E"), &after_exp)) {
+        OptionalInt_t exponent = Int$parse(after_exp, I(10), &after_exp);
+        if (exponent.small != 0) {
+            // n *= 10^exp
+            if (!Int$is_zero(exponent)) {
+                if (Int$is_negative(exponent)) {
+                    ret = Real$divided_by(ret, Real$from_float64(pow(10., -Float64$from_int(exponent, true))));
+                } else {
+                    ret = Real$times(ret, Real$from_float64(pow(10., Float64$from_int(exponent, true))));
+                }
+            }
+            text = after_exp;
         }
     }
-    int_buf[j] = '\0';
 
-    // Set numerator
-    if (mpz_set_str(mpq_numref(&r->value), int_buf, 10) != 0) {
-        mpq_clear(&r->value);
+    if (remainder) *remainder = text;
+    else if (text.length > 0) {
         return NONE_REAL;
     }
 
-    // Set denominator = 10^decimal_places
-    mpz_set_ui(mpq_denref(&r->value), 1);
-    for (int i = 0; i < decimal_places; i++) {
-        mpz_mul_ui(mpq_denref(&r->value), mpq_denref(&r->value), 10);
-    }
-
-    mpq_canonicalize(&r->value);
-
-    // Check if this can be represented exactly as a double
-    double d = mpq_get_d(&r->value);
-    if (isfinite(d)) {
-        // Convert back to rational to check for exact representation
-        rational_t temp;
-        mpq_init(&temp.value);
-        mpq_set_d(&temp.value, d);
-
-        if (mpq_equal(&r->value, &temp.value)) {
-            // Can be represented exactly as double
-            mpq_clear(&temp.value);
-            mpq_clear(&r->value);
-            return make_double(d);
-        }
-
-        mpq_clear(&temp.value);
-    }
-
-    return box_ptr(r, REAL_TAG_RATIONAL);
+    return ret;
 }
 
 public
diff --git a/src/typecheck.c b/src/typecheck.c
index 166ae2e1..8b74e865 100644
--- a/src/typecheck.c
+++ b/src/typecheck.c
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include "naming.h"
 #include "parse/files.h"
 #include "parse/types.h"
-#include "stdlib/optionals.h"
 #include "stdlib/paths.h"
 #include "stdlib/tables.h"
 #include "stdlib/text.h"
@@ -1652,8 +1651,7 @@ PUREFUNC bool is_constant(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
     case None: return true;
     case Integer: {
         DeclareMatch(info, ast, Integer);
-        Int_t int_val = Int$parse(Text$from_str(info->str), NONE_INT, NULL);
-        if (int_val.small == 0) return false; // Failed to parse
+        Int_t int_val = info->i;
         return (Int$compare_value(int_val, I(BIGGEST_SMALL_INT)) <= 0);
     }
     case Number: {
-- 
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