From dcf266228512e100e779fe72f2d4e9ebb605ffe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bruce Hill <bruce@bruce-hill.com>
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2025 21:43:51 -0400
Subject: Move files into src/ and build into build/

---
 src/compile.c | 4597 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 4597 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/compile.c

(limited to 'src/compile.c')

diff --git a/src/compile.c b/src/compile.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73d5ebfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compile.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4597 @@
+// Compilation logic
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <glob.h>
+#include <gc.h>
+#include <gc/cord.h>
+#include <gmp.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <uninorm.h>
+
+#include "ast.h"
+#include "compile.h"
+#include "cordhelpers.h"
+#include "enums.h"
+#include "environment.h"
+#include "stdlib/integers.h"
+#include "stdlib/nums.h"
+#include "stdlib/paths.h"
+#include "stdlib/patterns.h"
+#include "stdlib/text.h"
+#include "stdlib/util.h"
+#include "structs.h"
+#include "typecheck.h"
+
+typedef ast_t* (*comprehension_body_t)(ast_t*, ast_t*);
+
+static CORD compile_to_pointer_depth(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, int64_t target_depth, bool needs_incref);
+static CORD compile_math_method(env_t *env, binop_e op, ast_t *lhs, ast_t *rhs, type_t *required_type);
+static CORD compile_string(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, CORD color);
+static CORD compile_arguments(env_t *env, ast_t *call_ast, arg_t *spec_args, arg_ast_t *call_args);
+static CORD compile_maybe_incref(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *t);
+static CORD compile_int_to_type(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *target);
+static CORD compile_unsigned_type(type_t *t);
+static CORD promote_to_optional(type_t *t, CORD code);
+static CORD compile_none(type_t *t);
+static CORD compile_to_type(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *t);
+static CORD check_none(type_t *t, CORD value);
+static CORD optional_into_nonnone(type_t *t, CORD value);
+static CORD compile_string_literal(CORD literal);
+
+CORD promote_to_optional(type_t *t, CORD code)
+{
+    if (t == THREAD_TYPE || t == PATH_TYPE || t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE || t->tag == MomentType) {
+        return code;
+    } else if (t->tag == IntType) {
+        switch (Match(t, IntType)->bits) {
+        case TYPE_IBITS8: return CORD_all("((OptionalInt8_t){", code, "})");
+        case TYPE_IBITS16: return CORD_all("((OptionalInt16_t){", code, "})");
+        case TYPE_IBITS32: return CORD_all("((OptionalInt32_t){", code, "})");
+        case TYPE_IBITS64: return CORD_all("((OptionalInt64_t){", code, "})");
+        default: errx(1, "Unsupported in type: %T", t);
+        }
+    } else if (t->tag == ByteType) {
+        return CORD_all("((OptionalByte_t){", code, "})");
+    } else if (t->tag == StructType) {
+        return CORD_all("({ ", compile_type(Type(OptionalType, .type=t)), " nonnull = {.value=", code, "}; nonnull.is_none = false; nonnull; })");
+    } else {
+        return code;
+    }
+}
+
+static CORD with_source_info(ast_t *ast, CORD code)
+{
+    if (code == CORD_EMPTY || !ast || !ast->file)
+        return code;
+    int64_t line = get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start);
+    return CORD_asprintf("\n#line %ld\n%r", line, code);
+}
+
+static bool promote(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, CORD *code, type_t *actual, type_t *needed)
+{
+    if (type_eq(actual, needed))
+        return true;
+
+    if (!can_promote(actual, needed))
+        return false;
+
+    if (needed->tag == ClosureType && actual->tag == FunctionType) {
+        *code = CORD_all("((Closure_t){", *code, ", NULL})");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Optional promotion:
+    if (needed->tag == OptionalType && type_eq(actual, Match(needed, OptionalType)->type)) {
+        *code = promote_to_optional(actual, *code);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Optional -> Bool promotion
+    if (actual->tag == OptionalType && needed->tag == BoolType) {
+        *code = CORD_all("(!", check_none(actual, *code), ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Lang to Text:
+    if (actual->tag == TextType && needed->tag == TextType && streq(Match(needed, TextType)->lang, "Text"))
+        return true;
+
+    // Automatic optional checking for nums:
+    if (needed->tag == NumType && actual->tag == OptionalType && Match(actual, OptionalType)->type->tag == NumType) {
+        *code = CORD_all("({ ", compile_declaration(actual, "opt"), " = ", *code, "; ",
+                         "if unlikely (", check_none(actual, "opt"), ")\n",
+                        CORD_asprintf("fail_source(%r, %ld, %ld, \"This was expected to be a value, but it's none\");\n",
+                                      CORD_quoted(ast->file->filename),
+                                      (long)(ast->start - ast->file->text),
+                                      (long)(ast->end - ast->file->text)),
+                         optional_into_nonnone(actual, "opt"), "; })");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Numeric promotions/demotions
+    if ((is_numeric_type(actual) || actual->tag == BoolType) && (is_numeric_type(needed) || needed->tag == BoolType)) {
+        arg_ast_t *args = new(arg_ast_t, .value=FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code=*code, .type=actual));
+        binding_t *constructor = get_constructor(env, needed, args);
+        if (constructor) {
+            auto fn = Match(constructor->type, FunctionType);
+            if (fn->args->next == NULL) {
+                *code = CORD_all(constructor->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, ast, fn->args, args), ")");
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (needed->tag == EnumType) {
+        const char *tag = enum_single_value_tag(needed, actual);
+        binding_t *b = get_binding(Match(needed, EnumType)->env, tag);
+        assert(b && b->type->tag == FunctionType);
+        // Single-value enum constructor:
+        if (!promote(env, ast, code, actual, Match(b->type, FunctionType)->args->type))
+            return false;
+        *code = CORD_all(b->code, "(", *code, ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Text to C String
+    if (actual->tag == TextType && type_eq(actual, TEXT_TYPE) && needed->tag == CStringType) {
+        *code = CORD_all("Text$as_c_string(", *code, ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Automatic dereferencing:
+    if (actual->tag == PointerType
+        && can_promote(Match(actual, PointerType)->pointed, needed)) {
+        *code = CORD_all("*(", *code, ")");
+        return promote(env, ast, code, Match(actual, PointerType)->pointed, needed);
+    }
+
+    // Stack ref promotion:
+    if (actual->tag == PointerType && needed->tag == PointerType)
+        return true;
+
+    // Cross-promotion between tables with default values and without
+    if (needed->tag == TableType && actual->tag == TableType)
+        return true;
+
+    if (needed->tag == ClosureType && actual->tag == ClosureType)
+        return true;
+
+    if (needed->tag == FunctionType && actual->tag == FunctionType) {
+        *code = CORD_all("(", compile_type(needed), ")", *code);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Set -> Array promotion:
+    if (needed->tag == ArrayType && actual->tag == SetType
+        && type_eq(Match(needed, ArrayType)->item_type, Match(actual, SetType)->item_type)) {
+        *code = CORD_all("(", *code, ").entries");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+CORD compile_maybe_incref(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *t)
+{
+    if (is_idempotent(ast) && can_be_mutated(env, ast)) {
+        if (t->tag == ArrayType)
+            return CORD_all("ARRAY_COPY(", compile_to_type(env, ast, t), ")");
+        else if (t->tag == TableType || t->tag == SetType)
+            return CORD_all("TABLE_COPY(", compile_to_type(env, ast, t), ")");
+    }
+    return compile_to_type(env, ast, t);
+}
+
+static void add_closed_vars(Table_t *closed_vars, env_t *enclosing_scope, env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    if (ast == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    switch (ast->tag) {
+    case Var: {
+        binding_t *b = get_binding(enclosing_scope, Match(ast, Var)->name);
+        if (b) {
+            binding_t *shadow = get_binding(env, Match(ast, Var)->name);
+            if (!shadow || shadow == b)
+                Table$str_set(closed_vars, Match(ast, Var)->name, b);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case TextJoin: {
+        for (ast_list_t *child = Match(ast, TextJoin)->children; child; child = child->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, child->ast);
+        break;
+    }
+    case PrintStatement: {
+        for (ast_list_t *child = Match(ast, PrintStatement)->to_print; child; child = child->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, child->ast);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Declare: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Declare)->value);
+        bind_statement(env, ast);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Assign: {
+        for (ast_list_t *target = Match(ast, Assign)->targets; target; target = target->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, target->ast);
+        for (ast_list_t *value = Match(ast, Assign)->values; value; value = value->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, value->ast);
+        break;
+    }
+    case BinaryOp: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, BinaryOp)->lhs);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, BinaryOp)->rhs);
+        break;
+    }
+    case UpdateAssign: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, UpdateAssign)->lhs);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, UpdateAssign)->rhs);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Not: case Negative: case HeapAllocate: case StackReference: case Mutexed: {
+        // UNSAFE:
+        ast_t *value = ast->__data.Not.value;
+        // END UNSAFE
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, value);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Holding: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Holding)->mutexed);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Holding)->body);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Min: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Min)->lhs);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Min)->rhs);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Min)->key);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Max: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Max)->lhs);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Max)->rhs);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Max)->key);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Array: {
+        for (ast_list_t *item = Match(ast, Array)->items; item; item = item->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, item->ast);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Set: {
+        for (ast_list_t *item = Match(ast, Set)->items; item; item = item->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, item->ast);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Table: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Table)->default_value);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Table)->fallback);
+        for (ast_list_t *entry = Match(ast, Table)->entries; entry; entry = entry->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, entry->ast);
+        break;
+    }
+    case TableEntry: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, TableEntry)->key);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, TableEntry)->value);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Comprehension: {
+        auto comp = Match(ast, Comprehension);
+        if (comp->expr->tag == Comprehension) { // Nested comprehension
+            ast_t *body = comp->filter ? WrapAST(ast, If, .condition=comp->filter, .body=comp->expr) : comp->expr;
+            ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars=comp->vars, .iter=comp->iter, .body=body);
+            return add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, loop);
+        }
+
+        // Array/Set/Table comprehension:
+        ast_t *body = comp->expr;
+        if (comp->filter)
+            body = WrapAST(comp->expr, If, .condition=comp->filter, .body=body);
+        ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars=comp->vars, .iter=comp->iter, .body=body);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, loop);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Lambda: {
+        auto lambda = Match(ast, Lambda);
+        env_t *lambda_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+        for (arg_ast_t *arg = lambda->args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+            set_binding(lambda_scope, arg->name, get_arg_ast_type(env, arg), CORD_all("_$", arg->name));
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, lambda_scope, lambda->body);
+        break;
+    }
+    case FunctionCall: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, FunctionCall)->fn);
+        for (arg_ast_t *arg = Match(ast, FunctionCall)->args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, arg->value);
+        break;
+    }
+    case MethodCall: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, MethodCall)->self);
+        for (arg_ast_t *arg = Match(ast, MethodCall)->args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, arg->value);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Block: {
+        env = fresh_scope(env);
+        for (ast_list_t *statement = Match(ast, Block)->statements; statement; statement = statement->next)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, statement->ast);
+        break;
+    }
+    case For: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, For)->iter);
+        env_t *body_scope = for_scope(env, ast);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, body_scope, Match(ast, For)->body);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, For)->empty);
+        break;
+    }
+    case While: {
+        auto while_ = Match(ast, While);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, while_->condition);
+        env_t *scope = fresh_scope(env);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, scope, while_->body);
+        break;
+    }
+    case If: {
+        auto if_ = Match(ast, If);
+        ast_t *condition = if_->condition;
+        if (condition->tag == Declare) {
+            env_t *truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+            bind_statement(truthy_scope, condition);
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(condition, Declare)->value);
+            ast_t *var = Match(condition, Declare)->var;
+            type_t *cond_t = get_type(truthy_scope, var);
+            if (cond_t->tag == OptionalType) {
+                set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(var, Var)->name,
+                            Match(cond_t, OptionalType)->type, CORD_EMPTY);
+            }
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, truthy_scope, if_->body);
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, if_->else_body);
+        } else {
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, condition);
+            env_t *truthy_scope = env;
+            type_t *cond_t = get_type(env, condition);
+            if (condition->tag == Var && cond_t->tag == OptionalType) {
+                truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+                set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(condition, Var)->name,
+                            Match(cond_t, OptionalType)->type, CORD_EMPTY);
+            }
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, truthy_scope, if_->body);
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, if_->else_body);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case When: {
+        auto when = Match(ast, When);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, when->subject);
+        type_t *subject_t = get_type(env, when->subject);
+
+        if (subject_t->tag != EnumType) {
+            for (when_clause_t *clause = when->clauses; clause; clause = clause->next) {
+                add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, clause->pattern);
+                add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, clause->body);
+            }
+
+            if (when->else_body)
+                add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, when->else_body);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto enum_t = Match(subject_t, EnumType);
+        for (when_clause_t *clause = when->clauses; clause; clause = clause->next) {
+            const char *clause_tag_name;
+            if (clause->pattern->tag == Var)
+                clause_tag_name = Match(clause->pattern, Var)->name;
+            else if (clause->pattern->tag == FunctionCall && Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->fn->tag == Var)
+                clause_tag_name = Match(Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->fn, Var)->name;
+            else
+                code_err(clause->pattern, "This is not a valid pattern for a %T enum", subject_t);
+
+            type_t *tag_type = NULL;
+            for (tag_t *tag = enum_t->tags; tag; tag = tag->next) {
+                if (streq(tag->name, clause_tag_name)) {
+                    tag_type = tag->type;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            assert(tag_type);
+            env_t *scope = when_clause_scope(env, subject_t, clause);
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, scope, clause->body);
+        }
+        if (when->else_body)
+            add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, when->else_body);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Repeat: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Repeat)->body);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Reduction: {
+        auto reduction = Match(ast, Reduction);
+        static int64_t next_id = 1;
+        ast_t *item = FakeAST(Var, heap_strf("$it%ld", next_id++));
+        ast_t *loop = FakeAST(For, .vars=new(ast_list_t, .ast=item), .iter=reduction->iter, .body=FakeAST(Pass));
+        env_t *scope = for_scope(env, loop);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, scope, reduction->key ? reduction->key : item);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Defer: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Defer)->body);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Return: {
+        ast_t *ret = Match(ast, Return)->value;
+        if (ret) add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, ret);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Index: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Index)->indexed);
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Index)->index);
+        break;
+    }
+    case FieldAccess: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, FieldAccess)->fielded);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Optional: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Optional)->value);
+        break;
+    }
+    case NonOptional: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, NonOptional)->value);
+        break;
+    }
+    case DocTest: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, DocTest)->expr);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Deserialize: {
+        add_closed_vars(closed_vars, enclosing_scope, env, Match(ast, Deserialize)->value);
+        break;
+    }
+    case Use: case FunctionDef: case ConvertDef: case StructDef: case EnumDef: case LangDef: {
+        errx(1, "Definitions should not be reachable in a closure.");
+    }
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static Table_t get_closed_vars(env_t *env, arg_ast_t *args, ast_t *block)
+{
+    env_t *body_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
+        set_binding(body_scope, arg->name, arg_type, CORD_cat("_$", arg->name));
+    }
+
+    Table_t closed_vars = {};
+    add_closed_vars(&closed_vars, env, body_scope, block);
+    return closed_vars;
+}
+
+CORD compile_declaration(type_t *t, CORD name)
+{
+    if (t->tag == FunctionType) {
+        auto fn = Match(t, FunctionType);
+        CORD code = CORD_all(compile_type(fn->ret), " (*", name, ")(");
+        for (arg_t *arg = fn->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_type(arg->type));
+            if (arg->next) code = CORD_cat(code, ", ");
+        }
+        if (!fn->args) code = CORD_all(code, "void");
+        return CORD_all(code, ")");
+    } else if (t->tag != ModuleType) {
+        return CORD_all(compile_type(t), " ", name);
+    } else {
+        return CORD_EMPTY;
+    }
+}
+
+PUREFUNC CORD compile_unsigned_type(type_t *t)
+{
+    if (t->tag != IntType)
+        errx(1, "Not an int type, so unsigned doesn't make sense!");
+    switch (Match(t, IntType)->bits) {
+    case TYPE_IBITS8: return "uint8_t";
+    case TYPE_IBITS16: return "uint16_t";
+    case TYPE_IBITS32: return "uint32_t";
+    case TYPE_IBITS64: return "uint64_t";
+    default: errx(1, "Invalid integer bit size");
+    }
+}
+
+CORD compile_type(type_t *t)
+{
+    if (t == THREAD_TYPE) return "Thread_t";
+    else if (t == RNG_TYPE) return "RNG_t";
+    else if (t == MATCH_TYPE) return "Match_t";
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE) return "Path_t";
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return "PathType_t";
+
+    switch (t->tag) {
+    case ReturnType: errx(1, "Shouldn't be compiling ReturnType to a type");
+    case AbortType: return "void";
+    case VoidType: return "void";
+    case MemoryType: return "void";
+    case MutexedType: return "MutexedData_t";
+    case BoolType: return "Bool_t";
+    case ByteType: return "Byte_t";
+    case CStringType: return "const char*";
+    case MomentType: return "Moment_t";
+    case BigIntType: return "Int_t";
+    case IntType: return CORD_asprintf("Int%ld_t", Match(t, IntType)->bits);
+    case NumType: return Match(t, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64 ? "Num_t" : CORD_asprintf("Num%ld_t", Match(t, NumType)->bits);
+    case TextType: {
+        auto text = Match(t, TextType);
+        if (!text->lang || streq(text->lang, "Text"))
+            return "Text_t";
+        else if (streq(text->lang, "Pattern"))
+            return "Pattern_t";
+        else
+            return CORD_all(namespace_prefix(text->env, text->env->namespace->parent), text->lang, "$$type");
+    }
+    case ArrayType: return "Array_t";
+    case SetType: return "Table_t";
+    case TableType: return "Table_t";
+    case FunctionType: {
+        auto fn = Match(t, FunctionType);
+        CORD code = CORD_all(compile_type(fn->ret), " (*)(");
+        for (arg_t *arg = fn->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_type(arg->type));
+            if (arg->next) code = CORD_cat(code, ", ");
+        }
+        if (!fn->args)
+            code = CORD_all(code, "void");
+        return CORD_all(code, ")");
+    }
+    case ClosureType: return "Closure_t";
+    case PointerType: return CORD_cat(compile_type(Match(t, PointerType)->pointed), "*");
+    case StructType: {
+        auto s = Match(t, StructType);
+        if (s->external) return s->name;
+        return CORD_all("struct ", namespace_prefix(s->env, s->env->namespace->parent), s->name, "$$struct");
+    }
+    case EnumType: {
+        auto e = Match(t, EnumType);
+        return CORD_all(namespace_prefix(e->env, e->env->namespace->parent), e->name, "$$type");
+    }
+    case OptionalType: {
+        type_t *nonnull = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
+        switch (nonnull->tag) {
+        case CStringType: case FunctionType: case ClosureType: case MutexedType:
+        case PointerType: case EnumType:
+            return compile_type(nonnull);
+        case TextType:
+            return Match(nonnull, TextType)->lang ? compile_type(nonnull) : "OptionalText_t";
+        case IntType: case BigIntType: case NumType: case BoolType: case ByteType:
+        case ArrayType: case TableType: case SetType: case MomentType:
+            return CORD_all("Optional", compile_type(nonnull));
+        case StructType: {
+            if (nonnull == THREAD_TYPE)
+                return "Thread_t";
+            if (nonnull == MATCH_TYPE)
+                return "OptionalMatch_t";
+            if (nonnull == PATH_TYPE)
+                return "OptionalPath_t";
+            if (nonnull == PATH_TYPE_TYPE)
+                return "OptionalPathType_t";
+            auto s = Match(nonnull, StructType);
+            return CORD_all(namespace_prefix(s->env, s->env->namespace->parent), "$Optional", s->name, "$$type");
+        }
+        default:
+            compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "Optional types are not supported for: %T", t);
+        }
+    }
+    case TypeInfoType: return "TypeInfo_t";
+    default: compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "Compiling type is not implemented for type with tag %d", t->tag);
+    }
+}
+
+static CORD compile_lvalue(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    if (!can_be_mutated(env, ast)) {
+        if (ast->tag == Index) {
+            ast_t *subject = Match(ast, Index)->indexed;
+            code_err(subject, "This is an immutable value, you can't mutate its contents");
+        } else if (ast->tag == FieldAccess) {
+            ast_t *subject = Match(ast, FieldAccess)->fielded;
+            type_t *t = get_type(env, subject);
+            code_err(subject, "This is an immutable %T value, you can't assign to its fields", t);
+        } else {
+            code_err(ast, "This is a value of type %T and can't be used as an assignment target", get_type(env, ast));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ast->tag == Index) {
+        auto index = Match(ast, Index);
+        type_t *container_t = get_type(env, index->indexed);
+        if (container_t->tag == OptionalType)
+            code_err(index->indexed, "This value might be null, so it can't be safely used as an assignment target");
+
+        if (!index->index && container_t->tag == PointerType)
+            return compile(env, ast);
+
+        container_t = value_type(container_t);
+        if (container_t->tag == ArrayType) {
+            CORD target_code = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, index->indexed, 1, false);
+            type_t *item_type = Match(container_t, ArrayType)->item_type;
+            if (index->unchecked) {
+                return CORD_all("Array_lvalue_unchecked(", compile_type(item_type), ", ", target_code, ", ", 
+                                compile_int_to_type(env, index->index, Type(IntType, .bits=TYPE_IBITS64)),
+                                ", sizeof(", compile_type(item_type), "))");
+            } else {
+                return CORD_all("Array_lvalue(", compile_type(item_type), ", ", target_code, ", ", 
+                                compile_int_to_type(env, index->index, Type(IntType, .bits=TYPE_IBITS64)),
+                                ", ", heap_strf("%ld", ast->start - ast->file->text),
+                                ", ", heap_strf("%ld", ast->end - ast->file->text), ")");
+            }
+        } else if (container_t->tag == TableType) {
+            auto table_type = Match(container_t, TableType);
+            if (table_type->default_value) {
+                type_t *value_type = get_type(env, table_type->default_value);
+                return CORD_all("*Table$get_or_setdefault(",
+                                compile_to_pointer_depth(env, index->indexed, 1, false), ", ",
+                                compile_type(table_type->key_type), ", ",
+                                compile_type(value_type), ", ",
+                                compile_to_type(env, index->index, table_type->key_type), ", ",
+                                compile(env, table_type->default_value), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(container_t), ")");
+            }
+            if (index->unchecked)
+                code_err(ast, "Table indexes cannot be unchecked");
+            return CORD_all("*(", compile_type(Type(PointerType, table_type->value_type)), ")Table$reserve(",
+                            compile_to_pointer_depth(env, index->indexed, 1, false), ", ",
+                            compile_to_type(env, index->index, Type(PointerType, table_type->key_type, .is_stack=true)), ", NULL,",
+                            compile_type_info(container_t), ")");
+        } else {
+            code_err(ast, "I don't know how to assign to this target");
+        }
+    } else if (ast->tag == Var || ast->tag == FieldAccess || ast->tag == InlineCCode) {
+        return compile(env, ast);
+    } else {
+        code_err(ast, "I don't know how to assign to this");
+    }
+}
+
+static CORD compile_assignment(env_t *env, ast_t *target, CORD value)
+{
+    return CORD_all(compile_lvalue(env, target), " = ", value);
+}
+
+static CORD compile_inline_block(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    if (ast->tag != Block)
+        return compile_statement(env, ast);
+
+    CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+    ast_list_t *stmts = Match(ast, Block)->statements;
+    deferral_t *prev_deferred = env->deferred;
+    env = fresh_scope(env);
+    for (ast_list_t *stmt = stmts; stmt; stmt = stmt->next)
+        prebind_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+    for (ast_list_t *stmt = stmts; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+        code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(env, stmt->ast), "\n");
+        bind_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+    }
+    for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != prev_deferred; deferred = deferred->next) {
+        code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
+    }
+    return code;
+}
+
+CORD optional_into_nonnone(type_t *t, CORD value)
+{
+    if (t->tag == OptionalType) t = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
+    switch (t->tag) {
+    case IntType:
+        return CORD_all(value, ".i");
+    case StructType:
+        if (t == THREAD_TYPE || t == MATCH_TYPE || t == PATH_TYPE || t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE)
+            return value;
+        return CORD_all(value, ".value");
+    default:
+        return value;
+    }
+}
+
+CORD check_none(type_t *t, CORD value)
+{
+    t = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
+    if (t->tag == PointerType || t->tag == FunctionType || t->tag == CStringType
+        || t == THREAD_TYPE)
+        return CORD_all("(", value, " == NULL)");
+    else if (t == MATCH_TYPE)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").index.small == 0)");
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").type.$tag == PATH_NONE)");
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").$tag == PATH_NONE)");
+    else if (t->tag == BigIntType)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").small == 0)");
+    else if (t->tag == ClosureType)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").fn == NULL)");
+    else if (t->tag == NumType)
+        return CORD_all("isnan(", value, ")");
+    else if (t->tag == ArrayType)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").length < 0)");
+    else if (t->tag == TableType || t->tag == SetType)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").entries.length < 0)");
+    else if (t->tag == BoolType)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ") == NONE_BOOL)");
+    else if (t->tag == TextType)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").length < 0)");
+    else if (t->tag == IntType || t->tag == ByteType || t->tag == StructType)
+        return CORD_all("(", value, ").is_none");
+    else if (t->tag == EnumType)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").$tag == 0)");
+    else if (t->tag == MomentType)
+        return CORD_all("((", value, ").tv_usec < 0)");
+    else if (t->tag == MutexedType)
+        return CORD_all("(", value, " == NULL)");
+    errx(1, "Optional check not implemented for: %T", t);
+}
+
+static CORD compile_condition(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    type_t *t = get_type(env, ast);
+    if (t->tag == BoolType) {
+        return compile(env, ast);
+    } else if (t->tag == TextType) {
+        return CORD_all("(", compile(env, ast), ").length");
+    } else if (t->tag == ArrayType) {
+        return CORD_all("(", compile(env, ast), ").length");
+    } else if (t->tag == TableType || t->tag == SetType) {
+        return CORD_all("(", compile(env, ast), ").entries.length");
+    } else if (t->tag == OptionalType) {
+        return CORD_all("!", check_none(t, compile(env, ast)));
+    } else if (t->tag == PointerType) {
+        code_err(ast, "This pointer will always be non-none, so it should not be used in a conditional.");
+    } else {
+        code_err(ast, "%T values cannot be used for conditionals", t);
+    }
+}
+
+static CORD _compile_statement(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    switch (ast->tag) {
+    case When: {
+        // Typecheck to verify exhaustiveness:
+        type_t *result_t = get_type(env, ast);
+        (void)result_t;
+
+        auto when = Match(ast, When);
+        type_t *subject_t = get_type(env, when->subject);
+
+        if (subject_t->tag != EnumType) {
+            CORD prefix = CORD_EMPTY, suffix = CORD_EMPTY;
+            ast_t *subject = when->subject;
+            if (!is_idempotent(when->subject)) {
+                prefix = CORD_all("{\n", compile_declaration(subject_t, "_when_subject"), " = ", compile(env, subject), ";\n");
+                suffix = "}\n";
+                subject = WrapAST(subject, InlineCCode, .type=subject_t, .code="_when_subject");
+            }
+
+            CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+            for (when_clause_t *clause = when->clauses; clause; clause = clause->next) {
+                ast_t *comparison = WrapAST(clause->pattern, BinaryOp, .lhs=subject, .op=BINOP_EQ, .rhs=clause->pattern);
+                (void)get_type(env, comparison);
+                if (code != CORD_EMPTY)
+                    code = CORD_all(code, "else ");
+                code = CORD_all(code, "if (", compile(env, comparison), ")", compile_statement(env, clause->body));
+            }
+            if (when->else_body)
+                code = CORD_all(code, "else ", compile_statement(env, when->else_body));
+            code = CORD_all(prefix, code, suffix);
+            return code;
+        }
+
+        auto enum_t = Match(subject_t, EnumType);
+        CORD code = CORD_all("WHEN(", compile(env, when->subject), ", _when_subject, {\n");
+        for (when_clause_t *clause = when->clauses; clause; clause = clause->next) {
+            if (clause->pattern->tag == Var) {
+                const char *clause_tag_name = Match(clause->pattern, Var)->name;
+                code = CORD_all(code, "case ", namespace_prefix(enum_t->env, enum_t->env->namespace), "tag$", clause_tag_name, ": {\n",
+                                compile_statement(env, clause->body),
+                                "}\n");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (clause->pattern->tag != FunctionCall || Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->fn->tag != Var)
+                code_err(clause->pattern, "This is not a valid pattern for a %T enum type", subject_t);
+
+            const char *clause_tag_name = Match(Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->fn, Var)->name;
+            code = CORD_all(code, "case ", namespace_prefix(enum_t->env, enum_t->env->namespace), "tag$", clause_tag_name, ": {\n");
+            type_t *tag_type = NULL;
+            for (tag_t *tag = enum_t->tags; tag; tag = tag->next) {
+                if (streq(tag->name, clause_tag_name)) {
+                    tag_type = tag->type;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            assert(tag_type);
+            env_t *scope = env;
+
+            auto tag_struct = Match(tag_type, StructType);
+            arg_ast_t *args = Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->args;
+            if (args && !args->next && tag_struct->fields && tag_struct->fields->next) {
+                if (args->value->tag != Var)
+                    code_err(args->value, "This is not a valid variable to bind to");
+                const char *var_name = Match(args->value, Var)->name;
+                if (!streq(var_name, "_")) {
+                    code = CORD_all(code, compile_declaration(tag_type, compile(env, args->value)), " = _when_subject.", clause_tag_name, ";\n");
+                    scope = fresh_scope(scope);
+                    set_binding(scope, Match(args->value, Var)->name, tag_type, CORD_EMPTY);
+                }
+            } else if (args) {
+                scope = fresh_scope(scope);
+                arg_t *field = tag_struct->fields;
+                for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg || field; arg = arg->next) {
+                    if (!arg)
+                        code_err(ast, "The field %T.%s.%s wasn't accounted for", subject_t, clause_tag_name, field->name);
+                    if (!field)
+                        code_err(arg->value, "This is one more field than %T has", subject_t);
+                    if (arg->name)
+                        code_err(arg->value, "Named arguments are not currently supported");
+
+                    const char *var_name = Match(arg->value, Var)->name;
+                    if (!streq(var_name, "_")) {
+                        code = CORD_all(code, compile_declaration(field->type, compile(env, arg->value)), " = _when_subject.", clause_tag_name, ".", field->name, ";\n");
+                        set_binding(scope, Match(arg->value, Var)->name, field->type, CORD_EMPTY);
+                    }
+                    field = field->next;
+                }
+            }
+            if (clause->body->tag == Block) {
+                ast_list_t *statements = Match(clause->body, Block)->statements;
+                if (!statements || (statements->ast->tag == Pass && !statements->next))
+                    code = CORD_all(code, "break;\n}\n");
+                else
+                    code = CORD_all(code, compile_inline_block(scope, clause->body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
+            } else {
+                code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(scope, clause->body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
+            }
+        }
+        if (when->else_body) {
+            if (when->else_body->tag == Block) {
+                ast_list_t *statements = Match(when->else_body, Block)->statements;
+                if (!statements || (statements->ast->tag == Pass && !statements->next))
+                    code = CORD_all(code, "default: break;");
+                else
+                    code = CORD_all(code, "default: {\n", compile_inline_block(env, when->else_body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
+            } else {
+                code = CORD_all(code, "default: {\n", compile_statement(env, when->else_body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
+            }
+        } else {
+            code = CORD_all(code, "default: errx(1, \"Invalid tag!\");\n");
+        }
+        code = CORD_all(code, "\n})\n");
+        return code;
+    }
+    case DocTest: {
+        auto test = Match(ast, DocTest);
+        type_t *expr_t = get_type(env, test->expr);
+        if (!expr_t)
+            code_err(test->expr, "I couldn't figure out the type of this expression");
+
+        CORD output = CORD_EMPTY;
+        if (test->output) {
+            const uint8_t *raw = (const uint8_t*)CORD_to_const_char_star(test->output);
+            uint8_t buf[128] = {0};
+            size_t norm_len = sizeof(buf);
+            uint8_t *norm = u8_normalize(UNINORM_NFC, (uint8_t*)raw, strlen((char*)raw)+1, buf, &norm_len);
+            assert(norm[norm_len-1] == 0);
+            output = CORD_from_char_star((char*)norm);
+            if (norm && norm != buf) free(norm);
+        }
+
+        CORD setup = CORD_EMPTY;
+        CORD test_code;
+        if (test->expr->tag == Declare) {
+            auto decl = Match(test->expr, Declare);
+            const char *varname = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
+            if (streq(varname, "_"))
+                return compile_statement(env, WrapAST(ast, DocTest, .expr=decl->value, .output=output, .skip_source=test->skip_source));
+            CORD var = CORD_all("_$", Match(decl->var, Var)->name);
+            type_t *t = get_type(env, decl->value);
+            CORD val_code = compile_maybe_incref(env, decl->value, t);
+            if (t->tag == FunctionType) {
+                assert(promote(env, decl->value, &val_code, t, Type(ClosureType, t)));
+                t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+            }
+            setup = CORD_all(compile_declaration(t, var), ";\n");
+            test_code = CORD_all("(", var, " = ", val_code, ")");
+            expr_t = t;
+        } else if (test->expr->tag == Assign) {
+            auto assign = Match(test->expr, Assign);
+            if (!assign->targets->next && assign->targets->ast->tag == Var && is_idempotent(assign->targets->ast)) {
+                // Common case: assigning to one variable:
+                type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, assign->targets->ast);
+                if (assign->targets->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
+                    && value_type(get_type(env, Match(assign->targets->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
+                    lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+                if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
+                    code_err(test->expr, "Stack references cannot be assigned to variables because the variable's scope may outlive the scope of the stack memory.");
+                env_t *val_scope = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
+                CORD value = compile_to_type(val_scope, assign->values->ast, lhs_t);
+                test_code = CORD_all("(", compile_assignment(env, assign->targets->ast, value), ")");
+                expr_t = lhs_t;
+            } else {
+                // Multi-assign or assignment to potentially non-idempotent targets
+                if (output && assign->targets->next)
+                    code_err(ast, "Sorry, but doctesting with '=' is not supported for multi-assignments");
+
+                test_code = "({ // Assignment\n";
+
+                int64_t i = 1;
+                for (ast_list_t *target = assign->targets, *value = assign->values; target && value; target = target->next, value = value->next) {
+                    type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, target->ast);
+                    if (target->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
+                        && value_type(get_type(env, Match(target->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
+                        lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+                    if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
+                        code_err(ast, "Stack references cannot be assigned to variables because the variable's scope may outlive the scope of the stack memory.");
+                    if (target == assign->targets)
+                        expr_t = lhs_t;
+                    env_t *val_scope = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
+                    CORD val_code = compile_to_type(val_scope, value->ast, lhs_t);
+                    CORD_appendf(&test_code, "%r $%ld = %r;\n", compile_type(lhs_t), i++, val_code);
+                }
+                i = 1;
+                for (ast_list_t *target = assign->targets; target; target = target->next)
+                    test_code = CORD_all(test_code, compile_assignment(env, target->ast, CORD_asprintf("$%ld", i++)), ";\n");
+
+                test_code = CORD_all(test_code, "$1; })");
+            }
+        } else if (test->expr->tag == UpdateAssign) {
+            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, Match(test->expr, UpdateAssign)->lhs);
+            auto update = Match(test->expr, UpdateAssign);
+
+            if (update->lhs->tag == Index) {
+                type_t *indexed = value_type(get_type(env, Match(update->lhs, Index)->indexed));
+                if (indexed->tag == TableType && Match(indexed, TableType)->default_value == NULL)
+                    code_err(update->lhs, "Update assignments are not currently supported for tables");
+            }
+
+            ast_t *update_var = WrapAST(ast, UpdateAssign,
+                .lhs=WrapAST(update->lhs, InlineCCode, .code="(*expr)", .type=lhs_t),
+                .op=update->op, .rhs=update->rhs);
+            test_code = CORD_all("({", 
+                compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, lhs_t), "expr"), " = &(", compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), "); ",
+                compile_statement(env, update_var), "; *expr; })");
+            expr_t = lhs_t;
+        } else if (expr_t->tag == VoidType || expr_t->tag == AbortType || expr_t->tag == ReturnType) {
+            test_code = CORD_all("({", compile_statement(env, test->expr), " NULL;})");
+        } else {
+            test_code = compile(env, test->expr);
+        }
+        if (test->output) {
+            return CORD_asprintf(
+                "%rtest(%r, %r, %r, %ld, %ld);",
+                setup, test_code,
+                compile_type_info(expr_t),
+                compile_string_literal(output),
+                (int64_t)(test->expr->start - test->expr->file->text),
+                (int64_t)(test->expr->end - test->expr->file->text));
+        } else {
+            return CORD_asprintf(
+                "%rinspect(%r, %r, %ld, %ld);",
+                setup, test_code,
+                compile_type_info(expr_t),
+                (int64_t)(test->expr->start - test->expr->file->text),
+                (int64_t)(test->expr->end - test->expr->file->text));
+        }
+    }
+    case Declare: {
+        auto decl = Match(ast, Declare);
+        const char *name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
+        if (streq(name, "_")) { // Explicit discard
+            return CORD_all("(void)", compile(env, decl->value), ";");
+        } else {
+            type_t *t = get_type(env, decl->value);
+            if (t->tag == AbortType || t->tag == VoidType || t->tag == ReturnType)
+                code_err(ast, "You can't declare a variable with a %T value", t);
+
+            CORD val_code = compile_maybe_incref(env, decl->value, t);
+            if (t->tag == FunctionType) {
+                assert(promote(env, decl->value, &val_code, t, Type(ClosureType, t)));
+                t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+            }
+            return CORD_all(compile_declaration(t, CORD_cat("_$", name)), " = ", val_code, ";");
+        }
+    }
+    case Assign: {
+        auto assign = Match(ast, Assign);
+        // Single assignment, no temp vars needed:
+        if (assign->targets && !assign->targets->next) {
+            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, assign->targets->ast);
+            if (assign->targets->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
+                && value_type(get_type(env, Match(assign->targets->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
+                lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+            if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
+                code_err(ast, "Stack references cannot be assigned to variables because the variable's scope may outlive the scope of the stack memory.");
+            env_t *val_env = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
+            CORD val = compile_to_type(val_env, assign->values->ast, lhs_t);
+            return CORD_all(compile_assignment(env, assign->targets->ast, val), ";\n");
+        }
+
+        CORD code = "{ // Assignment\n";
+        int64_t i = 1;
+        for (ast_list_t *value = assign->values, *target = assign->targets; value && target; value = value->next, target = target->next) {
+            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, target->ast);
+            if (target->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
+                && value_type(get_type(env, Match(target->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
+                lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+            if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
+                code_err(ast, "Stack references cannot be assigned to variables because the variable's scope may outlive the scope of the stack memory.");
+            env_t *val_env = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
+            CORD val = compile_to_type(val_env, value->ast, lhs_t);
+            CORD_appendf(&code, "%r $%ld = %r;\n", compile_type(lhs_t), i++, val);
+        }
+        i = 1;
+        for (ast_list_t *target = assign->targets; target; target = target->next) {
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_assignment(env, target->ast, CORD_asprintf("$%ld", i++)), ";\n");
+        }
+        return CORD_cat(code, "\n}");
+    }
+    case UpdateAssign: {
+        auto update = Match(ast, UpdateAssign);
+
+        if (update->lhs->tag == Index) {
+            type_t *indexed = value_type(get_type(env, Match(update->lhs, Index)->indexed));
+            if (indexed->tag == TableType && Match(indexed, TableType)->default_value == NULL)
+                code_err(update->lhs, "Update assignments are not currently supported for tables");
+        }
+
+        if (!is_idempotent(update->lhs)) {
+            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
+            return CORD_all("{ ", compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, lhs_t), "update_lhs"), " = &",
+                            compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), ";\n",
+                            "*update_lhs = ", compile(env, WrapAST(ast, BinaryOp,
+                                                            .lhs=WrapAST(update->lhs, InlineCCode, .code="(*update_lhs)", .type=lhs_t),
+                                                            .op=update->op, .rhs=update->rhs)), "; }");
+        }
+
+        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
+        CORD lhs = compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs);
+        
+        if (update->lhs->tag == Index && value_type(get_type(env, Match(update->lhs, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType) {
+            ast_t *lhs_placeholder = WrapAST(update->lhs, InlineCCode, .code="(*lhs)", .type=lhs_t);
+            CORD method_call = compile_math_method(env, update->op, lhs_placeholder, update->rhs, lhs_t);
+            if (method_call)
+                return CORD_all("{ ", compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed=lhs_t), "lhs"), " = &", lhs, "; *lhs = ", method_call, "; }");
+        } else {
+            CORD method_call = compile_math_method(env, update->op, update->lhs, update->rhs, lhs_t);
+            if (method_call)
+                return CORD_all(lhs, " = ", method_call, ";");
+        }
+
+        CORD rhs = compile(env, update->rhs);
+
+        type_t *rhs_t = get_type(env, update->rhs);
+        if (update->rhs->tag == Int && is_numeric_type(non_optional(lhs_t))) {
+            rhs = compile_int_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t);
+        } else if (!promote(env, update->rhs, &rhs, rhs_t, lhs_t)) {
+            code_err(ast, "I can't do operations between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+        }
+
+        bool lhs_is_optional_num = (lhs_t->tag == OptionalType && Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type && Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type->tag == NumType);
+        switch (update->op) {
+        case BINOP_MULT:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != NumType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType && !lhs_is_optional_num)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do a multiply assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            if (lhs_t->tag == NumType) { // 0*INF -> NaN, needs checking
+                return CORD_asprintf("%r *= %r;\n"
+                                     "if (isnan(%r))\n"
+                                     "fail_source(%r, %ld, %ld, \"This update assignment created a NaN value (probably multiplying zero with infinity), but the type is not optional!\");\n",
+                                     lhs, rhs, lhs,
+                                     CORD_quoted(ast->file->filename),
+                                     (long)(ast->start - ast->file->text),
+                                     (long)(ast->end - ast->file->text));
+            }
+            return CORD_all(lhs, " *= ", rhs, ";");
+        case BINOP_DIVIDE:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != NumType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType && !lhs_is_optional_num)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do a divide assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            if (lhs_t->tag == NumType) { // 0/0 or INF/INF -> NaN, needs checking
+                return CORD_asprintf("%r /= %r;\n"
+                                     "if (isnan(%r))\n"
+                                     "fail_source(%r, %ld, %ld, \"This update assignment created a NaN value (probably 0/0 or INF/INF), but the type is not optional!\");\n",
+                                     lhs, rhs, lhs,
+                                     CORD_quoted(ast->file->filename),
+                                     (long)(ast->start - ast->file->text),
+                                     (long)(ast->end - ast->file->text));
+            }
+            return CORD_all(lhs, " /= ", rhs, ";");
+        case BINOP_MOD:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != NumType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType && !lhs_is_optional_num)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do a mod assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all(lhs, " = ", lhs, " % ", rhs);
+        case BINOP_MOD1:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != NumType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType && !lhs_is_optional_num)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do a mod assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all(lhs, " = (((", lhs, ") - 1) % ", rhs, ") + 1;");
+        case BINOP_PLUS:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != NumType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType && !lhs_is_optional_num)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do an addition assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all(lhs, " += ", rhs, ";");
+        case BINOP_MINUS:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != NumType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType && !lhs_is_optional_num)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do a subtraction assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all(lhs, " -= ", rhs, ";");
+        case BINOP_POWER: {
+            if (lhs_t->tag != NumType && !lhs_is_optional_num)
+                code_err(ast, "'^=' is only supported for Num types");
+            if (lhs_t->tag == NumType && Match(lhs_t, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS32)
+                return CORD_all(lhs, " = powf(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ");");
+            else
+                return CORD_all(lhs, " = pow(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ");");
+        }
+        case BINOP_LSHIFT:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do a shift assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all(lhs, " <<= ", rhs, ";");
+        case BINOP_RSHIFT:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do a shift assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all(lhs, " >>= ", rhs, ";");
+        case BINOP_ULSHIFT:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do a shift assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("{ ", compile_unsigned_type(lhs_t), " *dest = (void*)&(", lhs, "); *dest <<= ", rhs, "; }");
+        case BINOP_URSHIFT:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do a shift assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("{ ", compile_unsigned_type(lhs_t), " *dest = (void*)&(", lhs, "); *dest >>= ", rhs, "; }");
+        case BINOP_AND: {
+            if (lhs_t->tag == BoolType)
+                return CORD_all("if (", lhs, ") ", lhs, " = ", rhs, ";");
+            else if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
+                return CORD_all(lhs, " &= ", rhs, ";");
+            else if (lhs_t->tag == OptionalType)
+                return CORD_all("if (!(", check_none(lhs_t, lhs), ")) ", lhs, " = ", promote_to_optional(rhs_t, rhs), ";");
+            else
+                code_err(ast, "'or=' is not implemented for %T types", lhs_t);
+        }
+        case BINOP_OR: {
+            if (lhs_t->tag == BoolType)
+                return CORD_all("if (!(", lhs, ")) ", lhs, " = ", rhs, ";");
+            else if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
+                return CORD_all(lhs, " |= ", rhs, ";");
+            else if (lhs_t->tag == OptionalType)
+                return CORD_all("if (", check_none(lhs_t, lhs), ") ", lhs, " = ", promote_to_optional(rhs_t, rhs), ";");
+            else
+                code_err(ast, "'or=' is not implemented for %T types", lhs_t);
+        }
+        case BINOP_XOR:
+            if (lhs_t->tag != IntType && lhs_t->tag != BoolType && lhs_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "I can't do an xor assignment with this operator between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all(lhs, " ^= ", rhs, ";");
+        case BINOP_CONCAT: {
+            if (lhs_t->tag == TextType) {
+                return CORD_all(lhs, " = Texts(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ");");
+            } else if (lhs_t->tag == ArrayType) {
+                CORD padded_item_size = CORD_all("sizeof(", compile_type(Match(lhs_t, ArrayType)->item_type), ")");
+                // arr ++= [...]
+                if (update->lhs->tag == Var)
+                    return CORD_all("Array$insert_all(&", lhs, ", ", rhs, ", I(0), ", padded_item_size, ");");
+                else
+                    return CORD_all(lhs, " = Array$concat(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ", ", padded_item_size, ");");
+            } else {
+                code_err(ast, "'++=' is not implemented for %T types", lhs_t);
+            }
+        }
+        default: code_err(ast, "Update assignments are not implemented for this operation");
+        }
+    }
+    case StructDef: case EnumDef: case LangDef: case FunctionDef: case ConvertDef: {
+        return CORD_EMPTY;
+    }
+    case Skip: {
+        const char *target = Match(ast, Skip)->target;
+        for (loop_ctx_t *ctx = env->loop_ctx; ctx; ctx = ctx->next) {
+            bool matched = !target || CORD_cmp(target, ctx->loop_name) == 0;
+            for (ast_list_t *var = ctx->loop_vars; var && !matched; var = var ? var->next : NULL)
+                matched = (CORD_cmp(target, Match(var->ast, Var)->name) == 0);
+
+            if (matched) {
+                if (!ctx->skip_label) {
+                    static int64_t skip_label_count = 1;
+                    CORD_sprintf(&ctx->skip_label, "skip_%ld", skip_label_count);
+                    ++skip_label_count;
+                }
+                CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+                for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != ctx->deferred; deferred = deferred->next)
+                    code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
+                if (code)
+                    return CORD_all("{\n", code, "goto ", ctx->skip_label, ";\n}\n");
+                else
+                    return CORD_all("goto ", ctx->skip_label, ";");
+            }
+        }
+        if (env->loop_ctx)
+            code_err(ast, "This 'skip' is not inside any loop");
+        else if (target)
+            code_err(ast, "No loop target named '%s' was found", target);
+        else
+            return "continue;";
+    }
+    case Stop: {
+        const char *target = Match(ast, Stop)->target;
+        for (loop_ctx_t *ctx = env->loop_ctx; ctx; ctx = ctx->next) {
+            bool matched = !target || CORD_cmp(target, ctx->loop_name) == 0;
+            for (ast_list_t *var = ctx->loop_vars; var && !matched; var = var ? var->next : var)
+                matched = (CORD_cmp(target, Match(var->ast, Var)->name) == 0);
+
+            if (matched) {
+                if (!ctx->stop_label) {
+                    static int64_t stop_label_count = 1;
+                    CORD_sprintf(&ctx->stop_label, "stop_%ld", stop_label_count);
+                    ++stop_label_count;
+                }
+                CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+                for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != ctx->deferred; deferred = deferred->next)
+                    code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
+                if (code)
+                    return CORD_all("{\n", code, "goto ", ctx->stop_label, ";\n}\n");
+                else
+                    return CORD_all("goto ", ctx->stop_label, ";");
+            }
+        }
+        if (env->loop_ctx)
+            code_err(ast, "This 'stop' is not inside any loop");
+        else if (target)
+            code_err(ast, "No loop target named '%s' was found", target);
+        else
+            return "break;";
+    }
+    case Pass: return ";";
+    case Defer: {
+        ast_t *body = Match(ast, Defer)->body;
+        Table_t closed_vars = get_closed_vars(env, NULL, body);
+
+        static int defer_id = 0;
+        env_t *defer_env = fresh_scope(env);
+        CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+        for (int64_t i = 1; i <= Table$length(closed_vars); i++) {
+            struct { const char *name; binding_t *b; } *entry = Table$entry(closed_vars, i);
+            if (entry->b->type->tag == ModuleType)
+                continue;
+            if (CORD_ncmp(entry->b->code, 0, "userdata->", 0, strlen("userdata->")) == 0) {
+                Table$str_set(defer_env->locals, entry->name, entry->b);
+            } else {
+                CORD defer_name = CORD_asprintf("defer$%d$%s", ++defer_id, entry->name);
+                code = CORD_all(
+                    code, compile_declaration(entry->b->type, defer_name), " = ", entry->b->code, ";\n");
+                set_binding(defer_env, entry->name, entry->b->type, defer_name);
+            }
+        }
+        env->deferred = new(deferral_t, .defer_env=defer_env, .block=body, .next=env->deferred);
+        return code;
+    }
+    case PrintStatement: {
+        ast_list_t *to_print = Match(ast, PrintStatement)->to_print;
+        if (!to_print)
+            return CORD_EMPTY;
+
+        CORD code = "say(";
+        if (to_print->next) code = CORD_all(code, "Texts(");
+        for (ast_list_t *chunk = to_print; chunk; chunk = chunk->next) {
+            if (chunk->ast->tag == TextLiteral) {
+                code = CORD_cat(code, compile(env, chunk->ast));
+            } else {
+                code = CORD_cat(code, compile_string(env, chunk->ast, "USE_COLOR"));
+            }
+            if (chunk->next) code = CORD_cat(code, ", ");
+        }
+        if (to_print->next) code = CORD_all(code, ")");
+        return CORD_cat(code, ", yes);");
+    }
+    case Return: {
+        if (!env->fn_ret) code_err(ast, "This return statement is not inside any function");
+        auto ret = Match(ast, Return)->value;
+
+        CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+        for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred; deferred = deferred->next) {
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
+        }
+
+        if (ret) {
+            if (env->fn_ret->tag == VoidType || env->fn_ret->tag == AbortType)
+                code_err(ast, "This function is not supposed to return any values, according to its type signature");
+
+            env = with_enum_scope(env, env->fn_ret);
+            CORD value = compile_to_type(env, ret, env->fn_ret);
+            if (env->deferred) {
+                code = CORD_all(compile_declaration(env->fn_ret, "ret"), " = ", value, ";\n", code);
+                value = "ret";
+            }
+
+            return CORD_all(code, "return ", value, ";");
+        } else {
+            if (env->fn_ret->tag != VoidType)
+                code_err(ast, "This function expects you to return a %T value", env->fn_ret);
+            return CORD_all(code, "return;");
+        }
+    }
+    case While: {
+        auto while_ = Match(ast, While);
+        env_t *scope = fresh_scope(env);
+        loop_ctx_t loop_ctx = (loop_ctx_t){
+            .loop_name="while",
+            .deferred=scope->deferred,
+            .next=env->loop_ctx,
+        };
+        scope->loop_ctx = &loop_ctx;
+        CORD body = compile_statement(scope, while_->body);
+        if (loop_ctx.skip_label)
+            body = CORD_all(body, "\n", loop_ctx.skip_label, ": continue;");
+        CORD loop = CORD_all("while (", while_->condition ? compile(scope, while_->condition) : "yes", ") {\n\t", body, "\n}");
+        if (loop_ctx.stop_label)
+            loop = CORD_all(loop, "\n", loop_ctx.stop_label, ":;");
+        return loop;
+    }
+    case Repeat: {
+        ast_t *body = Match(ast, Repeat)->body;
+        env_t *scope = fresh_scope(env);
+        loop_ctx_t loop_ctx = (loop_ctx_t){
+            .loop_name="repeat",
+            .deferred=scope->deferred,
+            .next=env->loop_ctx,
+        };
+        scope->loop_ctx = &loop_ctx;
+        CORD body_code = compile_statement(scope, body);
+        if (loop_ctx.skip_label)
+            body_code = CORD_all(body_code, "\n", loop_ctx.skip_label, ": continue;");
+        CORD loop = CORD_all("for (;;) {\n\t", body_code, "\n}");
+        if (loop_ctx.stop_label)
+            loop = CORD_all(loop, "\n", loop_ctx.stop_label, ":;");
+        return loop;
+    }
+    case Holding: {
+        ast_t *held = Match(ast, Holding)->mutexed;
+        type_t *held_type = get_type(env, held);
+        if (held_type->tag != MutexedType)
+            code_err(held, "This is a %t, not a mutexed value", held_type);
+        CORD code = CORD_all(
+            "{ // Holding\n",
+            "MutexedData_t mutexed = ", compile(env, held), ";\n",
+            "pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexed->mutex);\n");
+
+        env_t *body_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+        body_scope->deferred = new(deferral_t, .defer_env=env,
+                                   .block=FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code="pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexed->mutex);"),
+                                   .next=body_scope->deferred);
+        if (held->tag == Var) {
+            CORD held_var = CORD_all(Match(held, Var)->name, "$held");
+            set_binding(body_scope, Match(held, Var)->name,
+                        Type(PointerType, .pointed=Match(held_type, MutexedType)->type, .is_stack=true), held_var);
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed=Match(held_type, MutexedType)->type), held_var),
+                            " = (", compile_type(Type(PointerType, .pointed=Match(held_type, MutexedType)->type)), ")mutexed->data;\n");
+        }
+        return CORD_all(code, compile_statement(body_scope, Match(ast, Holding)->body),
+                        "pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexed->mutex);\n}");
+    }
+    case For: {
+        auto for_ = Match(ast, For);
+
+        // If we're iterating over a comprehension, that's actually just doing
+        // one loop, we don't need to compile the comprehension as an array
+        // comprehension. This is a common case for reducers like `(+: i*2 for i in 5)`
+        // or `(and) x:is_good() for x in xs`
+        if (for_->iter->tag == Comprehension) {
+            auto comp = Match(for_->iter, Comprehension);
+            ast_t *body = for_->body;
+            if (for_->vars) {
+                if (for_->vars->next)
+                    code_err(for_->vars->next->ast, "This is too many variables for iteration");
+
+                body = WrapAST(
+                    ast, Block,
+                    .statements=new(ast_list_t, .ast=WrapAST(ast, Declare, .var=for_->vars->ast, .value=comp->expr),
+                                    .next=body->tag == Block ? Match(body, Block)->statements : new(ast_list_t, .ast=body)));
+            }
+
+            if (comp->filter)
+                body = WrapAST(for_->body, If, .condition=comp->filter, .body=body);
+            ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars=comp->vars, .iter=comp->iter, .body=body);
+            return compile_statement(env, loop);
+        }
+
+        env_t *body_scope = for_scope(env, ast);
+        loop_ctx_t loop_ctx = (loop_ctx_t){
+            .loop_name="for",
+            .loop_vars=for_->vars,
+            .deferred=body_scope->deferred,
+            .next=body_scope->loop_ctx,
+        };
+        body_scope->loop_ctx = &loop_ctx;
+        // Naked means no enclosing braces:
+        CORD naked_body = compile_inline_block(body_scope, for_->body);
+        if (loop_ctx.skip_label)
+            naked_body = CORD_all(naked_body, "\n", loop_ctx.skip_label, ": continue;");
+        CORD stop = loop_ctx.stop_label ? CORD_all("\n", loop_ctx.stop_label, ":;") : CORD_EMPTY;
+
+        // Special case for improving performance for numeric iteration:
+        if (for_->iter->tag == MethodCall && streq(Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->name, "to") &&
+            get_type(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self)->tag == BigIntType) {
+            // TODO: support other integer types
+            arg_ast_t *args = Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->args;
+            if (!args) code_err(for_->iter, "to() needs at least one argument");
+
+            CORD last = CORD_EMPTY, step = CORD_EMPTY, optional_step = CORD_EMPTY;
+            if (!args->name || streq(args->name, "last")) {
+                last = compile_to_type(env, args->value, INT_TYPE);
+                if (args->next) {
+                    if (args->next->name && !streq(args->next->name, "step"))
+                        code_err(args->next->value, "Invalid argument name: %s", args->next->name);
+                    if (get_type(env, args->next->value)->tag == OptionalType)
+                        optional_step = compile_to_type(env, args->next->value, Type(OptionalType, .type=INT_TYPE));
+                    else
+                        step = compile_to_type(env, args->next->value, INT_TYPE);
+                }
+            } else if (streq(args->name, "step")) {
+                if (get_type(env, args->value)->tag == OptionalType)
+                    optional_step = compile_to_type(env, args->value, Type(OptionalType, .type=INT_TYPE));
+                else
+                    step = compile_to_type(env, args->value, INT_TYPE);
+                if (args->next) {
+                    if (args->next->name && !streq(args->next->name, "last"))
+                        code_err(args->next->value, "Invalid argument name: %s", args->next->name);
+                    last = compile_to_type(env, args->next->value, INT_TYPE);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!last)
+                code_err(for_->iter, "No `last` argument was given");
+            
+            if (step && optional_step)
+                step = CORD_all("({ OptionalInt_t maybe_step = ", optional_step, "; maybe_step->small == 0 ? (Int$compare_value(last, first) >= 0 ? I_small(1) : I_small(-1)) : (Int_t)maybe_step; })");
+            else if (!step)
+                step = "Int$compare_value(last, first) >= 0 ? I_small(1) : I_small(-1)";
+
+            CORD value = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : "i";
+            return CORD_all(
+                "for (Int_t first = ", compile(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self), ", ",
+                value, " = first, "
+                "last = ", last, ", "
+                "step = ", step, "; "
+                "Int$compare_value(", value, ", last) != Int$compare_value(step, I_small(0)); ", value, " = Int$plus(", value, ", step)) {\n"
+                "\t", naked_body,
+                "}",
+                stop);
+        } else if (for_->iter->tag == MethodCall && streq(Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->name, "onward") &&
+            get_type(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self)->tag == BigIntType) {
+            // Special case for Int:onward()
+            arg_ast_t *args = Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->args;
+            arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="step", .type=INT_TYPE, .default_val=FakeAST(Int, .str="1"), .next=NULL);
+            CORD step = compile_arguments(env, for_->iter, arg_spec, args);
+            CORD value = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : "i";
+            return CORD_all(
+                "for (Int_t ", value, " = ", compile(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self), ", ",
+                "step = ", step, "; ; ", value, " = Int$plus(", value, ", step)) {\n"
+                "\t", naked_body,
+                "}",
+                stop);
+        }
+
+        type_t *iter_t = value_type(get_type(env, for_->iter));
+        type_t *iter_value_t = value_type(iter_t);
+
+        switch (iter_value_t->tag) {
+        case ArrayType: {
+            type_t *item_t = Match(iter_value_t, ArrayType)->item_type;
+            CORD index = CORD_EMPTY;
+            CORD value = CORD_EMPTY;
+            if (for_->vars) {
+                if (for_->vars->next) {
+                    if (for_->vars->next->next)
+                        code_err(for_->vars->next->next->ast, "This is too many variables for this loop");
+
+                    index = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
+                    value = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->next->ast);
+                } else {
+                    value = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
+                }
+            }
+
+            CORD loop = CORD_EMPTY;
+            loop = CORD_all(loop, "for (int64_t i = 1; i <= iterating.length; ++i)");
+
+            if (index != CORD_EMPTY)
+                naked_body = CORD_all("Int_t ", index, " = I(i);\n", naked_body);
+
+            if (value != CORD_EMPTY) {
+                loop = CORD_all(loop, "{\n",
+                                compile_declaration(item_t, value),
+                                " = *(", compile_type(item_t), "*)(iterating.data + (i-1)*iterating.stride);\n",
+                                naked_body, "\n}");
+            } else {
+                loop = CORD_all(loop, "{\n", naked_body, "\n}");
+            }
+
+            if (for_->empty)
+                loop = CORD_all("if (iterating.length > 0) {\n", loop, "\n} else ", compile_statement(env, for_->empty));
+
+            if (iter_t->tag == PointerType) {
+                loop = CORD_all("{\n"
+                                "Array_t *ptr = ", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 1, false), ";\n"
+                                "\nARRAY_INCREF(*ptr);\n"
+                                "Array_t iterating = *ptr;\n",
+                                loop, 
+                                stop,
+                                "\nARRAY_DECREF(*ptr);\n"
+                                "}\n");
+
+            } else {
+                loop = CORD_all("{\n"
+                                "Array_t iterating = ", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false), ";\n",
+                                loop, 
+                                stop,
+                                "}\n");
+            }
+            return loop;
+        }
+        case SetType: case TableType: {
+            CORD loop = "for (int64_t i = 0; i < iterating.length; ++i) {\n";
+            if (for_->vars) {
+                if (iter_value_t->tag == SetType) {
+                    if (for_->vars->next)
+                        code_err(for_->vars->next->ast, "This is too many variables for this loop");
+                    CORD item = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
+                    type_t *item_type = Match(iter_value_t, SetType)->item_type;
+                    loop = CORD_all(loop, compile_declaration(item_type, item), " = *(", compile_type(item_type), "*)(",
+                                    "iterating.data + i*iterating.stride);\n");
+                } else {
+                    CORD key = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
+                    type_t *key_t = Match(iter_value_t, TableType)->key_type;
+                    loop = CORD_all(loop, compile_declaration(key_t, key), " = *(", compile_type(key_t), "*)(",
+                                    "iterating.data + i*iterating.stride);\n");
+
+                    if (for_->vars->next) {
+                        if (for_->vars->next->next)
+                            code_err(for_->vars->next->next->ast, "This is too many variables for this loop");
+
+                        type_t *value_t = Match(iter_value_t, TableType)->value_type;
+                        CORD value = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->next->ast);
+                        CORD value_offset = CORD_all("offsetof(struct { ", compile_declaration(key_t, "k"), "; ", compile_declaration(value_t, "v"), "; }, v)");
+                        loop = CORD_all(loop, compile_declaration(value_t, value), " = *(", compile_type(value_t), "*)(",
+                                        "iterating.data + i*iterating.stride + ", value_offset, ");\n");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            loop = CORD_all(loop, naked_body, "\n}");
+
+            if (for_->empty) {
+                loop = CORD_all("if (iterating.length > 0) {\n", loop, "\n} else ", compile_statement(env, for_->empty));
+            }
+
+            if (iter_t->tag == PointerType) {
+                loop = CORD_all(
+                    "{\n",
+                    "Table_t *t = ", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 1, false), ";\n"
+                    "ARRAY_INCREF(t->entries);\n"
+                    "Array_t iterating = t->entries;\n",
+                    loop,
+                    "ARRAY_DECREF(t->entries);\n"
+                    "}\n");
+            } else {
+                loop = CORD_all(
+                    "{\n",
+                    "Array_t iterating = (", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false), ").entries;\n",
+                    loop,
+                    "}\n");
+            }
+            return loop;
+        }
+        case BigIntType: {
+            CORD n;
+            if (for_->iter->tag == Int) {
+                const char *str = Match(for_->iter, Int)->str;
+                Int_t int_val = Int$from_str(str);
+                if (int_val.small == 0)
+                    code_err(for_->iter, "Failed to parse this integer");
+                mpz_t i;
+                mpz_init_set_int(i, int_val);
+                if (mpz_cmpabs_ui(i, BIGGEST_SMALL_INT) <= 0)
+                    n = mpz_get_str(NULL, 10, i);
+                else
+                    goto big_n;
+
+
+                if (for_->empty && mpz_cmp_si(i, 0) <= 0) {
+                    return compile_statement(env, for_->empty);
+                } else {
+                    return CORD_all(
+                        "for (int64_t i = 1; i <= ", n, "; ++i) {\n",
+                        for_->vars ? CORD_all("\tInt_t ", compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast), " = I_small(i);\n") : CORD_EMPTY,
+                        "\t", naked_body,
+                        "}\n",
+                        stop, "\n");
+                }
+            }
+
+          big_n:
+            n = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false);
+            CORD i = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : "i";
+            CORD n_var = for_->vars ? CORD_all("max", i) : "n";
+            if (for_->empty) {
+                return CORD_all(
+                    "{\n"
+                    "Int_t ", n_var, " = ", n, ";\n"
+                    "if (Int$compare_value(", n_var, ", I(0)) > 0) {\n"
+                    "for (Int_t ", i, " = I(1); Int$compare_value(", i, ", ", n_var, ") <= 0; ", i, " = Int$plus(", i, ", I(1))) {\n",
+                    "\t", naked_body,
+                    "}\n"
+                    "} else ", compile_statement(env, for_->empty),
+                    stop, "\n"
+                    "}\n");
+            } else {
+                return CORD_all(
+                    "for (Int_t ", i, " = I(1), ", n_var, " = ", n, "; Int$compare_value(", i, ", ", n_var, ") <= 0; ", i, " = Int$plus(", i, ", I(1))) {\n",
+                    "\t", naked_body,
+                    "}\n",
+                    stop, "\n");
+            }
+        }
+        case FunctionType: case ClosureType: {
+            // Iterator function:
+            CORD code = "{\n";
+
+            CORD next_fn;
+            if (is_idempotent(for_->iter)) {
+                next_fn = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false);
+            } else {
+                code = CORD_all(code, compile_declaration(iter_value_t, "next"), " = ", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false), ";\n");
+                next_fn = "next";
+            }
+
+            auto fn = iter_value_t->tag == ClosureType ? Match(Match(iter_value_t, ClosureType)->fn, FunctionType) : Match(iter_value_t, FunctionType);
+
+            CORD get_next;
+            if (iter_value_t->tag == ClosureType) {
+                type_t *fn_t = Match(iter_value_t, ClosureType)->fn;
+                arg_t *closure_fn_args = NULL;
+                for (arg_t *arg = Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+                    closure_fn_args = new(arg_t, .name=arg->name, .type=arg->type, .default_val=arg->default_val, .next=closure_fn_args);
+                closure_fn_args = new(arg_t, .name="userdata", .type=Type(PointerType, .pointed=Type(MemoryType)), .next=closure_fn_args);
+                REVERSE_LIST(closure_fn_args);
+                CORD fn_type_code = compile_type(Type(FunctionType, .args=closure_fn_args, .ret=Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->ret));
+                get_next = CORD_all("((", fn_type_code, ")", next_fn, ".fn)(", next_fn, ".userdata)");
+            } else {
+                get_next = CORD_all(next_fn, "()");
+            }
+
+            if (fn->ret->tag == OptionalType) {
+                // Use an optional variable `cur` for each iteration step, which will be checked for null
+                code = CORD_all(code, compile_declaration(fn->ret, "cur"), ";\n");
+                get_next = CORD_all("(cur=", get_next, ", !", check_none(fn->ret, "cur"), ")");
+                if (for_->vars) {
+                    naked_body = CORD_all(
+                        compile_declaration(Match(fn->ret, OptionalType)->type, CORD_all("_$", Match(for_->vars->ast, Var)->name)),
+                        " = ", optional_into_nonnone(fn->ret, "cur"), ";\n",
+                        naked_body);
+                }
+                if (for_->empty) {
+                    code = CORD_all(code, "if (", get_next, ") {\n"
+                                    "\tdo{\n\t\t", naked_body, "\t} while(", get_next, ");\n"
+                                    "} else {\n\t", compile_statement(env, for_->empty), "}", stop, "\n}\n");
+                } else {
+                    code = CORD_all(code, "while(", get_next, ") {\n\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n}\n");
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (for_->vars) {
+                    naked_body = CORD_all(
+                        compile_declaration(fn->ret, CORD_all("_$", Match(for_->vars->ast, Var)->name)),
+                        " = ", get_next, ";\n", naked_body);
+                } else {
+                    naked_body = CORD_all(get_next, ";\n", naked_body);
+                }
+                if (for_->empty)
+                    code_err(for_->empty, "This iteration loop will always have values, so this block will never run");
+                code = CORD_all(code, "for (;;) {\n\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n}\n");
+            }
+
+            return code;
+        }
+        default: code_err(for_->iter, "Iteration is not implemented for type: %T", iter_t);
+        }
+    }
+    case If: {
+        auto if_ = Match(ast, If);
+        ast_t *condition = if_->condition;
+        if (condition->tag == Declare) {
+            env_t *truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+            CORD code = CORD_all("IF_DECLARE(", compile_statement(truthy_scope, condition), ", ");
+            bind_statement(truthy_scope, condition);
+            ast_t *var = Match(condition, Declare)->var;
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_condition(truthy_scope, var), ", ");
+            type_t *cond_t = get_type(truthy_scope, var);
+            if (cond_t->tag == OptionalType) {
+                set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(var, Var)->name,
+                            Match(cond_t, OptionalType)->type,
+                            optional_into_nonnone(cond_t, compile(truthy_scope, var)));
+            }
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(truthy_scope, if_->body), ")");
+            if (if_->else_body)
+                code = CORD_all(code, "\nelse ", compile_statement(env, if_->else_body));
+            return code;
+        } else {
+            CORD code = CORD_all("if (", compile_condition(env, condition), ")");
+            env_t *truthy_scope = env;
+            type_t *cond_t = get_type(env, condition);
+            if (condition->tag == Var && cond_t->tag == OptionalType) {
+                truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+                set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(condition, Var)->name,
+                            Match(cond_t, OptionalType)->type,
+                            optional_into_nonnone(cond_t, compile(truthy_scope, condition)));
+            }
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(truthy_scope, if_->body));
+            if (if_->else_body)
+                code = CORD_all(code, "\nelse ", compile_statement(env, if_->else_body));
+            return code;
+        }
+    }
+    case Block: {
+        return CORD_all("{\n", compile_inline_block(env, ast), "}\n");
+    }
+    case Comprehension: {
+        if (!env->comprehension_action)
+            code_err(ast, "I don't know what to do with this comprehension!");
+        auto comp = Match(ast, Comprehension);
+        if (comp->expr->tag == Comprehension) { // Nested comprehension
+            ast_t *body = comp->filter ? WrapAST(ast, If, .condition=comp->filter, .body=comp->expr) : comp->expr;
+            ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars=comp->vars, .iter=comp->iter, .body=body);
+            return compile_statement(env, loop);
+        }
+
+        // Array/Set/Table comprehension:
+        comprehension_body_t get_body = (void*)env->comprehension_action->fn;
+        ast_t *body = get_body(comp->expr, env->comprehension_action->userdata);
+        if (comp->filter)
+            body = WrapAST(comp->expr, If, .condition=comp->filter, .body=body);
+        ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars=comp->vars, .iter=comp->iter, .body=body);
+        return compile_statement(env, loop);
+    }
+    case Extern: return CORD_EMPTY;
+    case InlineCCode: {
+        auto inline_code = Match(ast, InlineCCode);
+        if (inline_code->type)
+            return CORD_all("({ ", inline_code->code, "; })");
+        else
+            return inline_code->code;
+    }
+    case Use: {
+        auto use = Match(ast, Use);
+        if (use->what == USE_LOCAL) {
+            CORD name = file_base_id(Match(ast, Use)->path);
+            return with_source_info(ast, CORD_all("_$", name, "$$initialize();\n"));
+        } else if (use->what == USE_MODULE) {
+            glob_t tm_files;
+            if (glob(heap_strf("~/.local/share/tomo/installed/%s/[!._0-9]*.tm", use->path), GLOB_TILDE, NULL, &tm_files) != 0)
+                code_err(ast, "Could not find library");
+
+            CORD initialization = CORD_EMPTY;
+            const char *lib_id = Text$as_c_string(
+                Text$replace(Text$from_str(use->path), Pattern("{1+ !alphanumeric}"), Text("_"), Pattern(""), false));
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < tm_files.gl_pathc; i++) {
+                const char *filename = tm_files.gl_pathv[i];
+                initialization = CORD_all(
+                    initialization,
+                    with_source_info(ast, CORD_all("_$", lib_id, "$", file_base_id(filename), "$$initialize();\n")));
+            }
+            globfree(&tm_files);
+            return initialization;
+        } else {
+            return CORD_EMPTY;
+        }
+    }
+    default:
+        if (!is_discardable(env, ast))
+            code_err(ast, "The %T result of this statement cannot be discarded", get_type(env, ast));
+        return CORD_asprintf("(void)%r;", compile(env, ast));
+    }
+}
+
+CORD compile_statement(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    CORD stmt = _compile_statement(env, ast);
+    return with_source_info(ast, stmt);
+}
+
+CORD expr_as_text(CORD expr, type_t *t, CORD color)
+{
+    switch (t->tag) {
+    case MemoryType: return CORD_asprintf("Memory$as_text(stack(%r), %r, &Memory$info)", expr, color);
+    case BoolType:
+         // NOTE: this cannot use stack(), since bools may actually be bit fields:
+         return CORD_asprintf("Bool$as_text((Bool_t[1]){%r}, %r, &Bool$info)", expr, color);
+    case CStringType: return CORD_asprintf("CString$as_text(stack(%r), %r, &CString$info)", expr, color);
+    case MomentType: return CORD_asprintf("Moment$as_text(stack(%r), %r, &Moment$info)", expr, color);
+    case BigIntType: case IntType: case ByteType: case NumType: {
+        CORD name = type_to_cord(t);
+        return CORD_asprintf("%r$as_text(stack(%r), %r, &%r$info)", name, expr, color, name);
+    }
+    case TextType: return CORD_asprintf("Text$as_text(stack(%r), %r, %r)", expr, color, compile_type_info(t));
+    case ArrayType: return CORD_asprintf("Array$as_text(stack(%r), %r, %r)", expr, color, compile_type_info(t));
+    case SetType: return CORD_asprintf("Table$as_text(stack(%r), %r, %r)", expr, color, compile_type_info(t));
+    case TableType: return CORD_asprintf("Table$as_text(stack(%r), %r, %r)", expr, color, compile_type_info(t));
+    case FunctionType: case ClosureType: return CORD_asprintf("Func$as_text(stack(%r), %r, %r)", expr, color, compile_type_info(t));
+    case PointerType: return CORD_asprintf("Pointer$as_text(stack(%r), %r, %r)", expr, color, compile_type_info(t));
+    case OptionalType: return CORD_asprintf("Optional$as_text(stack(%r), %r, %r)", expr, color, compile_type_info(t));
+    case StructType: case EnumType: case MutexedType:
+        return CORD_asprintf("generic_as_text(stack(%r), %r, %r)", expr, color, compile_type_info(t));
+    default: compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "Stringifying is not supported for %T", t);
+    }
+}
+
+CORD compile_string(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, CORD color)
+{
+    type_t *t = get_type(env, ast);
+    CORD expr = compile(env, ast);
+    return expr_as_text(expr, t, color);
+}
+
+CORD compile_to_pointer_depth(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, int64_t target_depth, bool needs_incref)
+{
+    CORD val = compile(env, ast);
+    type_t *t = get_type(env, ast);
+    int64_t depth = 0;
+    for (type_t *tt = t; tt->tag == PointerType; tt = Match(tt, PointerType)->pointed)
+        ++depth;
+
+    // Passing a literal value won't trigger an incref, because it's ephemeral,
+    // e.g. [10, 20]:reversed()
+    if (t->tag != PointerType && needs_incref && !can_be_mutated(env, ast))
+        needs_incref = false;
+
+    while (depth != target_depth) {
+        if (depth < target_depth) {
+            if (ast->tag == Var && target_depth == 1)
+                val = CORD_all("(&", val, ")");
+            else
+                code_err(ast, "This should be a pointer, not %T", get_type(env, ast));
+            t = Type(PointerType, .pointed=t, .is_stack=true);
+            ++depth;
+        } else {
+            auto ptr = Match(t, PointerType);
+            val = CORD_all("*(", val, ")");
+            t = ptr->pointed;
+            --depth;
+        }
+    }
+
+    while (t->tag == PointerType) {
+        auto ptr = Match(t, PointerType);
+        t = ptr->pointed;
+    }
+
+    if (needs_incref && t->tag == ArrayType)
+        val = CORD_all("ARRAY_COPY(", val, ")");
+    else if (needs_incref && (t->tag == TableType || t->tag == SetType))
+        val = CORD_all("TABLE_COPY(", val, ")");
+
+    return val;
+}
+
+CORD compile_to_type(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *t)
+{
+    if (ast->tag == Int && is_numeric_type(t)) {
+        return compile_int_to_type(env, ast, t);
+    } else if (ast->tag == Num && t->tag == NumType) {
+        double n = Match(ast, Num)->n;
+        switch (Match(t, NumType)->bits) {
+        case TYPE_NBITS64: return CORD_asprintf("N64(%.20g)", n);
+        case TYPE_NBITS32: return CORD_asprintf("N32(%.10g)", n);
+        default: code_err(ast, "This is not a valid number bit width");
+        }
+    } else if (ast->tag == None && Match(ast, None)->type == NULL) {
+        return compile_none(t);
+    }
+
+    type_t *actual = get_type(env, ast);
+
+    // Promote values to views-of-values if needed:
+    if (t->tag == PointerType && Match(t, PointerType)->is_stack && actual->tag != PointerType)
+        return CORD_all("stack(", compile_to_type(env, ast, Match(t, PointerType)->pointed), ")");
+
+    CORD code = compile(env, ast);
+    if (!promote(env, ast, &code, actual, t))
+        code_err(ast, "I expected a %T here, but this is a %T", t, actual);
+    return code;
+}
+
+CORD compile_int_to_type(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *target)
+{
+    if (ast->tag != Int) {
+        CORD code = compile(env, ast);
+        type_t *actual_type = get_type(env, ast);
+        if (!promote(env, ast, &code, actual_type, target))
+            code_err(ast, "I couldn't promote this %T to a %T", actual_type, target);
+        return code;
+    }
+
+    if (target->tag == BigIntType)
+        return compile(env, ast);
+
+    if (target->tag == OptionalType && Match(target, OptionalType)->type)
+        return compile_int_to_type(env, ast, Match(target, OptionalType)->type);
+
+    const char *literal = Match(ast, Int)->str;
+    OptionalInt_t int_val = Int$from_str(literal);
+    if (int_val.small == 0)
+        code_err(ast, "Failed to parse this integer");
+
+    mpz_t i;
+    mpz_init_set_int(i, int_val);
+
+    char *c_literal;
+    if (strncmp(literal, "0x", 2) == 0 || strncmp(literal, "0X", 2) == 0 || strncmp(literal, "0b", 2) == 0) {
+        gmp_asprintf(&c_literal, "0x%ZX", i);
+    } else if (strncmp(literal, "0o", 2) == 0) {
+        gmp_asprintf(&c_literal, "%#Zo", i);
+    } else {
+        gmp_asprintf(&c_literal, "%#Zd", i);
+    }
+
+    if (target->tag == ByteType) {
+        if (mpz_cmp_si(i, UINT8_MAX) <= 0 && mpz_cmp_si(i, 0) >= 0)
+            return CORD_asprintf("(Byte_t)(%s)", c_literal);
+        code_err(ast, "This integer cannot fit in a byte");
+    } else if (target->tag == NumType) {
+        if (Match(target, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64) {
+            return CORD_asprintf("N64(%s)", c_literal);
+        } else {
+            return CORD_asprintf("N32(%s)", c_literal);
+        }
+    } else if (target->tag == IntType) {
+        int64_t target_bits = (int64_t)Match(target, IntType)->bits;
+        switch (target_bits) {
+        case TYPE_IBITS64:
+            if (mpz_cmp_si(i, INT64_MAX) <= 0 && mpz_cmp_si(i, INT64_MIN) >= 0)
+                return CORD_asprintf("I64(%s)", c_literal);
+            break;
+        case TYPE_IBITS32:
+            if (mpz_cmp_si(i, INT32_MAX) <= 0 && mpz_cmp_si(i, INT32_MIN) >= 0)
+                return CORD_asprintf("I32(%s)", c_literal);
+            break;
+        case TYPE_IBITS16:
+            if (mpz_cmp_si(i, INT16_MAX) <= 0 && mpz_cmp_si(i, INT16_MIN) >= 0)
+                return CORD_asprintf("I16(%s)", c_literal);
+            break;
+        case TYPE_IBITS8:
+            if (mpz_cmp_si(i, INT8_MAX) <= 0 && mpz_cmp_si(i, INT8_MIN) >= 0)
+                return CORD_asprintf("I8(%s)", c_literal);
+            break;
+        default: break;
+        }
+        code_err(ast, "This integer cannot fit in a %d-bit value", target_bits);
+    } else {
+        code_err(ast, "I don't know how to compile this to a %T", target);
+    }
+}
+
+CORD compile_arguments(env_t *env, ast_t *call_ast, arg_t *spec_args, arg_ast_t *call_args)
+{
+    Table_t used_args = {};
+    CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+    env_t *default_scope = namespace_scope(env);
+    for (arg_t *spec_arg = spec_args; spec_arg; spec_arg = spec_arg->next) {
+        int64_t i = 1;
+        // Find keyword:
+        if (spec_arg->name) {
+            for (arg_ast_t *call_arg = call_args; call_arg; call_arg = call_arg->next) {
+                if (call_arg->name && streq(call_arg->name, spec_arg->name)) {
+                    CORD value;
+                    if (spec_arg->type->tag == IntType && call_arg->value->tag == Int) {
+                        value = compile_int_to_type(env, call_arg->value, spec_arg->type);
+                    } else if (spec_arg->type->tag == NumType && call_arg->value->tag == Int) {
+                        OptionalInt_t int_val = Int$from_str(Match(call_arg->value, Int)->str);
+                        if (int_val.small == 0)
+                            code_err(call_arg->value, "Failed to parse this integer");
+                        if (Match(spec_arg->type, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64)
+                            value = CORD_asprintf("N64(%.20g)", Num$from_int(int_val, false));
+                        else
+                            value = CORD_asprintf("N32(%.10g)", (double)Num32$from_int(int_val, false));
+                    } else {
+                        env_t *arg_env = with_enum_scope(env, spec_arg->type);
+                        value = compile_maybe_incref(arg_env, call_arg->value, spec_arg->type);
+                    }
+                    Table$str_set(&used_args, call_arg->name, call_arg);
+                    if (code) code = CORD_cat(code, ", ");
+                    code = CORD_cat(code, value);
+                    goto found_it;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Find positional:
+        for (arg_ast_t *call_arg = call_args; call_arg; call_arg = call_arg->next) {
+            if (call_arg->name) continue;
+            const char *pseudoname = heap_strf("%ld", i++);
+            if (!Table$str_get(used_args, pseudoname)) {
+                CORD value;
+                if (spec_arg->type->tag == IntType && call_arg->value->tag == Int) {
+                    value = compile_int_to_type(env, call_arg->value, spec_arg->type);
+                } else if (spec_arg->type->tag == NumType && call_arg->value->tag == Int) {
+                    OptionalInt_t int_val = Int$from_str(Match(call_arg->value, Int)->str);
+                    if (int_val.small == 0)
+                        code_err(call_arg->value, "Failed to parse this integer");
+                    if (Match(spec_arg->type, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64)
+                        value = CORD_asprintf("N64(%.20g)", Num$from_int(int_val, false));
+                    else
+                        value = CORD_asprintf("N32(%.10g)", (double)Num32$from_int(int_val, false));
+                } else {
+                    env_t *arg_env = with_enum_scope(env, spec_arg->type);
+                    value = compile_maybe_incref(arg_env, call_arg->value, spec_arg->type);
+                }
+
+                Table$str_set(&used_args, pseudoname, call_arg);
+                if (code) code = CORD_cat(code, ", ");
+                code = CORD_cat(code, value);
+                goto found_it;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (spec_arg->default_val) {
+            if (code) code = CORD_cat(code, ", ");
+            code = CORD_cat(code, compile_maybe_incref(default_scope, spec_arg->default_val, get_type(env, spec_arg->default_val)));
+            goto found_it;
+        }
+
+        assert(spec_arg->name);
+        code_err(call_ast, "The required argument '%s' was not provided", spec_arg->name);
+      found_it: continue;
+    }
+
+    int64_t i = 1;
+    for (arg_ast_t *call_arg = call_args; call_arg; call_arg = call_arg->next) {
+        if (call_arg->name) {
+            if (!Table$str_get(used_args, call_arg->name))
+                code_err(call_arg->value, "There is no argument with the name '%s'", call_arg->name);
+        } else {
+            const char *pseudoname = heap_strf("%ld", i++);
+            if (!Table$str_get(used_args, pseudoname))
+                code_err(call_arg->value, "This is one argument too many!");
+        }
+    }
+    return code;
+}
+
+CORD compile_math_method(env_t *env, binop_e op, ast_t *lhs, ast_t *rhs, type_t *required_type)
+{
+    // Math methods are things like plus(), minus(), etc. If we don't find a
+    // matching method, return CORD_EMPTY.
+    const char *method_name = binop_method_names[op];
+    if (!method_name)
+        return CORD_EMPTY;
+
+    type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, lhs);
+    type_t *rhs_t = get_type(env, rhs);
+#define binding_works(b, lhs_t, rhs_t, ret_t) \
+         (b && b->type->tag == FunctionType && ({ auto fn = Match(b->type, FunctionType);  \
+                                                (type_eq(fn->ret, ret_t) \
+                                                 && (fn->args && type_eq(fn->args->type, lhs_t)) \
+                                                 && (fn->args->next && can_promote(rhs_t, fn->args->next->type)) \
+                                                 && (!required_type || type_eq(required_type, fn->ret))); }))
+    arg_ast_t *args = new(arg_ast_t, .value=lhs, .next=new(arg_ast_t, .value=rhs));
+    switch (op) {
+    case BINOP_MULT: {
+        if (type_eq(lhs_t, rhs_t)) {
+            binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, lhs, binop_method_names[op]);
+            if (binding_works(b, lhs_t, rhs_t, lhs_t))
+                return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, lhs, Match(b->type, FunctionType)->args, args), ")");
+        } else if (lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == BigIntType) {
+            binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, rhs, "scaled_by");
+            if (binding_works(b, rhs_t, lhs_t, rhs_t)) {
+                REVERSE_LIST(args);
+                return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, lhs, Match(b->type, FunctionType)->args, args), ")");
+            }
+        } else if (rhs_t->tag == NumType || rhs_t->tag == IntType|| rhs_t->tag == BigIntType) {
+            binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, lhs, "scaled_by");
+            if (binding_works(b, lhs_t, rhs_t, lhs_t))
+                return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, lhs, Match(b->type, FunctionType)->args, args), ")");
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case BINOP_OR: case BINOP_CONCAT: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == SetType) {
+            return CORD_all("Table$with(", compile(env, lhs), ", ", compile(env, rhs), ", ", compile_type_info(lhs_t), ")");
+        }
+        goto fallthrough;
+    }
+    case BINOP_AND: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == SetType) {
+            return CORD_all("Table$overlap(", compile(env, lhs), ", ", compile(env, rhs), ", ", compile_type_info(lhs_t), ")");
+        }
+        goto fallthrough;
+    }
+    case BINOP_MINUS: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == SetType) {
+            return CORD_all("Table$without(", compile(env, lhs), ", ", compile(env, rhs), ", ", compile_type_info(lhs_t), ")");
+        }
+        goto fallthrough;
+    }
+    case BINOP_PLUS: case BINOP_XOR: {
+      fallthrough:
+        if (type_eq(lhs_t, rhs_t)) {
+            binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, lhs, binop_method_names[op]);
+            if (binding_works(b, lhs_t, rhs_t, lhs_t))
+                return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile(env, lhs), ", ", compile(env, rhs), ")");
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case BINOP_DIVIDE: case BINOP_MOD: case BINOP_MOD1: {
+        if (is_numeric_type(rhs_t)) {
+            binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, lhs, binop_method_names[op]);
+            if (binding_works(b, lhs_t, rhs_t, lhs_t))
+                return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, lhs, Match(b->type, FunctionType)->args, args), ")");
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case BINOP_LSHIFT: case BINOP_RSHIFT: case BINOP_ULSHIFT: case BINOP_URSHIFT: {
+        if (rhs_t->tag == IntType || rhs_t->tag == BigIntType) {
+            binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, lhs, binop_method_names[op]);
+            if (binding_works(b, lhs_t, rhs_t, lhs_t))
+                return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, lhs, Match(b->type, FunctionType)->args, args), ")");
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case BINOP_POWER: {
+        if (rhs_t->tag == NumType || rhs_t->tag == IntType || rhs_t->tag == BigIntType) {
+            binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, lhs, binop_method_names[op]);
+            if (binding_works(b, lhs_t, rhs_t, lhs_t))
+                return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, lhs, Match(b->type, FunctionType)->args, args), ")");
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    default: break;
+    }
+    return CORD_EMPTY;
+}
+
+CORD compile_string_literal(CORD literal)
+{
+    CORD code = "\"";
+    CORD_pos i;
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+    CORD_FOR(i, literal) {
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+        char c = CORD_pos_fetch(i);
+        switch (c) {
+        case '\\': code = CORD_cat(code, "\\\\"); break;
+        case '"': code = CORD_cat(code, "\\\""); break;
+        case '\a': code = CORD_cat(code, "\\a"); break;
+        case '\b': code = CORD_cat(code, "\\b"); break;
+        case '\n': code = CORD_cat(code, "\\n"); break;
+        case '\r': code = CORD_cat(code, "\\r"); break;
+        case '\t': code = CORD_cat(code, "\\t"); break;
+        case '\v': code = CORD_cat(code, "\\v"); break;
+        default: {
+            if (isprint(c))
+                code = CORD_cat_char(code, c);
+            else
+                CORD_sprintf(&code, "%r\\x%02X\"\"", code, (uint8_t)c);
+            break;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+    return CORD_cat(code, "\"");
+}
+
+static bool string_literal_is_all_ascii(CORD literal)
+{
+    CORD_pos i;
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+    CORD_FOR(i, literal) {
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+        if (!isascii(CORD_pos_fetch(i)))
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+CORD compile_none(type_t *t)
+{
+    if (t->tag == OptionalType)
+        t = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
+
+    if (t == THREAD_TYPE) return "NULL";
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE) return "NONE_PATH";
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return "((OptionalPathType_t){})";
+
+    switch (t->tag) {
+    case BigIntType: return "NONE_INT";
+    case IntType: {
+        switch (Match(t, IntType)->bits) {
+        case TYPE_IBITS8: return "NONE_INT8";
+        case TYPE_IBITS16: return "NONE_INT16";
+        case TYPE_IBITS32: return "NONE_INT32";
+        case TYPE_IBITS64: return "NONE_INT64";
+        default: errx(1, "Invalid integer bit size");
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case BoolType: return "NONE_BOOL";
+    case ByteType: return "NONE_BYTE";
+    case ArrayType: return "NONE_ARRAY";
+    case TableType: return "NONE_TABLE";
+    case SetType: return "NONE_TABLE";
+    case TextType: return "NONE_TEXT";
+    case CStringType: return "NULL";
+    case MomentType: return "NONE_MOMENT";
+    case PointerType: return CORD_all("((", compile_type(t), ")NULL)");
+    case ClosureType: return "NONE_CLOSURE";
+    case NumType: return "nan(\"null\")";
+    case StructType: return CORD_all("((", compile_type(Type(OptionalType, .type=t)), "){.is_none=true})");
+    case EnumType: {
+        env_t *enum_env = Match(t, EnumType)->env;
+        return CORD_all("((", compile_type(t), "){", namespace_prefix(enum_env, enum_env->namespace), "null})");
+    }
+    case MutexedType: return "NONE_MUTEXED_DATA";
+    default: compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "none isn't implemented for this type: %T", t);
+    }
+}
+
+static ast_t *add_to_table_comprehension(ast_t *entry, ast_t *subject)
+{
+    auto e = Match(entry, TableEntry);
+    return WrapAST(entry, MethodCall, .name="set", .self=subject,
+                   .args=new(arg_ast_t, .value=e->key, .next=new(arg_ast_t, .value=e->value)));
+}
+
+static ast_t *add_to_array_comprehension(ast_t *item, ast_t *subject)
+{
+    return WrapAST(item, MethodCall, .name="insert", .self=subject, .args=new(arg_ast_t, .value=item));
+}
+
+static ast_t *add_to_set_comprehension(ast_t *item, ast_t *subject)
+{
+    return WrapAST(item, MethodCall, .name="add", .self=subject, .args=new(arg_ast_t, .value=item));
+}
+
+CORD compile(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    switch (ast->tag) {
+    case None: {
+        if (!Match(ast, None)->type)
+            code_err(ast, "This 'none' needs to specify what type it is using `none:Type` syntax");
+        type_t *t = parse_type_ast(env, Match(ast, None)->type);
+        return compile_none(t);
+    }
+    case Bool: return Match(ast, Bool)->b ? "yes" : "no";
+    case Moment: {
+        auto moment = Match(ast, Moment)->moment;
+        return CORD_asprintf("((Moment_t){.tv_sec=%ld, .tv_usec=%ld})", moment.tv_sec, moment.tv_usec);
+    }
+    case Var: {
+        binding_t *b = get_binding(env, Match(ast, Var)->name);
+        if (b)
+            return b->code ? b->code : CORD_cat("_$", Match(ast, Var)->name);
+        return CORD_cat("_$", Match(ast, Var)->name);
+        // code_err(ast, "I don't know of any variable by this name");
+    }
+    case Int: {
+        const char *str = Match(ast, Int)->str;
+        OptionalInt_t int_val = Int$from_str(str);
+        if (int_val.small == 0)
+            code_err(ast, "Failed to parse this integer");
+        mpz_t i;
+        mpz_init_set_int(i, int_val);
+        if (mpz_cmpabs_ui(i, BIGGEST_SMALL_INT) <= 0) {
+            return CORD_asprintf("I_small(%s)", str);
+        } else if (mpz_cmp_si(i, INT64_MAX) <= 0 && mpz_cmp_si(i, INT64_MIN) >= 0) {
+            return CORD_asprintf("Int$from_int64(%s)", str);
+        } else {
+            return CORD_asprintf("Int$from_str(\"%s\")", str);
+        }
+    }
+    case Num: {
+        return CORD_asprintf("N64(%.20g)", Match(ast, Num)->n);
+    }
+    case Not: {
+        ast_t *value = Match(ast, Not)->value;
+        type_t *t = get_type(env, value);
+
+        binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, value, "negated");
+        if (b && b->type->tag == FunctionType) {
+            auto fn = Match(b->type, FunctionType);
+            if (fn->args && can_promote(t, get_arg_type(env, fn->args)))
+                return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, ast, fn->args, new(arg_ast_t, .value=value)), ")");
+        }
+
+        if (t->tag == BoolType)
+            return CORD_all("!(", compile(env, value), ")");
+        else if (t->tag == IntType || t->tag == ByteType)
+            return CORD_all("~(", compile(env, value), ")");
+        else if (t->tag == ArrayType)
+            return CORD_all("((", compile(env, value), ").length == 0)");
+        else if (t->tag == SetType || t->tag == TableType)
+            return CORD_all("((", compile(env, value), ").entries.length == 0)");
+        else if (t->tag == TextType)
+            return CORD_all("(", compile(env, value), " == CORD_EMPTY)");
+        else if (t->tag == OptionalType)
+            return check_none(t, compile(env, value));
+
+        code_err(ast, "I don't know how to negate values of type %T", t);
+    }
+    case Negative: {
+        ast_t *value = Match(ast, Negative)->value;
+        type_t *t = get_type(env, value);
+        binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, value, "negative");
+        if (b && b->type->tag == FunctionType) {
+            auto fn = Match(b->type, FunctionType);
+            if (fn->args && can_promote(t, get_arg_type(env, fn->args)))
+                return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, ast, fn->args, new(arg_ast_t, .value=value)), ")");
+        }
+
+        if (t->tag == IntType || t->tag == NumType)
+            return CORD_all("-(", compile(env, value), ")");
+
+        code_err(ast, "I don't know how to get the negative value of type %T", t);
+
+    }
+    // TODO: for constructors, do new(T, ...) instead of heap((T){...})
+    case HeapAllocate: return CORD_asprintf("heap(%r)", compile(env, Match(ast, HeapAllocate)->value));
+    case StackReference: {
+        ast_t *subject = Match(ast, StackReference)->value;
+        if (can_be_mutated(env, subject))
+            return CORD_all("(&", compile_lvalue(env, subject), ")");
+        else
+            return CORD_all("stack(", compile(env, subject), ")");
+    }
+    case Mutexed: {
+        ast_t *mutexed = Match(ast, Mutexed)->value;
+        return CORD_all("new(struct MutexedData_s, .mutex=PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, .data=", compile(env, WrapAST(mutexed, HeapAllocate, mutexed)), ")");
+    }
+    case Holding: {
+        ast_t *held = Match(ast, Holding)->mutexed;
+        type_t *held_type = get_type(env, held);
+        if (held_type->tag != MutexedType)
+            code_err(held, "This is a %t, not a mutexed value", held_type);
+        CORD code = CORD_all(
+            "({ // Holding\n",
+            "MutexedData_t mutexed = ", compile(env, held), ";\n",
+            "pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexed->mutex);\n");
+
+        env_t *body_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+        body_scope->deferred = new(deferral_t, .defer_env=env,
+                                   .block=FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code="pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexed->mutex);"),
+                                   .next=body_scope->deferred);
+        if (held->tag == Var) {
+            CORD held_var = CORD_all(Match(held, Var)->name, "$held");
+            set_binding(body_scope, Match(held, Var)->name,
+                        Type(PointerType, .pointed=Match(held_type, MutexedType)->type, .is_stack=true), held_var);
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed=Match(held_type, MutexedType)->type), held_var),
+                            " = (", compile_type(Type(PointerType, .pointed=Match(held_type, MutexedType)->type)), ")mutexed->data;\n");
+        }
+        type_t *body_type = get_type(env, ast);
+        return CORD_all(code, compile_declaration(body_type, "result"), " = ", compile(body_scope, Match(ast, Holding)->body), ";\n"
+                        "pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexed->mutex);\n"
+                        "result;\n})");
+    }
+    case Optional: {
+        ast_t *value = Match(ast, Optional)->value;
+        CORD value_code = compile(env, value);
+        return promote_to_optional(get_type(env, value), value_code);
+    }
+    case NonOptional: {
+        ast_t *value = Match(ast, NonOptional)->value;
+        type_t *t = get_type(env, value);
+        CORD value_code = compile(env, value);
+        return CORD_all("({ ", compile_declaration(t, "opt"), " = ", value_code, "; ",
+                        "if unlikely (", check_none(t, "opt"), ")\n",
+                        CORD_asprintf("fail_source(%r, %ld, %ld, \"This was expected to be a value, but it's none\");\n",
+                                      CORD_quoted(ast->file->filename),
+                                      (long)(value->start - value->file->text),
+                                      (long)(value->end - value->file->text)),
+                        optional_into_nonnone(t, "opt"), "; })");
+    }
+    case BinaryOp: {
+        auto binop = Match(ast, BinaryOp);
+        CORD method_call = compile_math_method(env, binop->op, binop->lhs, binop->rhs, NULL);
+        if (method_call != CORD_EMPTY)
+            return method_call;
+
+        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, binop->lhs);
+        type_t *rhs_t = get_type(env, binop->rhs);
+
+        if (binop->op == BINOP_OR && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType) {
+            if (rhs_t->tag == AbortType || rhs_t->tag == ReturnType) {
+                return CORD_all("({ ", compile_declaration(lhs_t, "lhs"), " = ", compile(env, binop->lhs), "; ",
+                                "if (", check_none(lhs_t, "lhs"), ") ", compile_statement(env, binop->rhs), " ",
+                                optional_into_nonnone(lhs_t, "lhs"), "; })");
+            } else if (rhs_t->tag == OptionalType && type_eq(lhs_t, rhs_t)) {
+                return CORD_all("({ ", compile_declaration(lhs_t, "lhs"), " = ", compile(env, binop->lhs), "; ",
+                                check_none(lhs_t, "lhs"), " ? ", compile(env, binop->rhs), " : lhs; })");
+            } else if (rhs_t->tag != OptionalType && type_eq(Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type, rhs_t)) {
+                return CORD_all("({ ", compile_declaration(lhs_t, "lhs"), " = ", compile(env, binop->lhs), "; ",
+                                check_none(lhs_t, "lhs"), " ? ", compile(env, binop->rhs), " : ",
+                                optional_into_nonnone(lhs_t, "lhs"), "; })");
+            } else if (rhs_t->tag == BoolType) {
+                return CORD_all("((!", check_none(lhs_t, compile(env, binop->lhs)), ") || ", compile(env, binop->rhs), ")");
+            } else {
+                code_err(ast, "I don't know how to do an 'or' operation between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            }
+        } else if (binop->op == BINOP_AND && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType) {
+            if (rhs_t->tag == AbortType || rhs_t->tag == ReturnType) {
+                return CORD_all("({ ", compile_declaration(lhs_t, "lhs"), " = ", compile(env, binop->lhs), "; ",
+                                "if (!", check_none(lhs_t, "lhs"), ") ", compile_statement(env, binop->rhs), " ",
+                                optional_into_nonnone(lhs_t, "lhs"), "; })");
+            } else if (rhs_t->tag == OptionalType && type_eq(lhs_t, rhs_t)) {
+                return CORD_all("({ ", compile_declaration(lhs_t, "lhs"), " = ", compile(env, binop->lhs), "; ",
+                                check_none(lhs_t, "lhs"), " ? lhs : ", compile(env, binop->rhs), "; })");
+            } else if (rhs_t->tag == BoolType) {
+                return CORD_all("((!", check_none(lhs_t, compile(env, binop->lhs)), ") && ", compile(env, binop->rhs), ")");
+            } else {
+                code_err(ast, "I don't know how to do an 'or' operation between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            }
+        }
+
+        type_t *non_optional_lhs = lhs_t;
+        if (lhs_t->tag == OptionalType) non_optional_lhs = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+        type_t *non_optional_rhs = rhs_t;
+        if (rhs_t->tag == OptionalType) non_optional_rhs = Match(rhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+
+        if (!non_optional_lhs && !non_optional_rhs)
+            code_err(ast, "Both of these values do not specify a type");
+        else if (!non_optional_lhs)
+            non_optional_lhs = non_optional_rhs;
+        else if (!non_optional_rhs)
+            non_optional_rhs = non_optional_lhs;
+
+        bool lhs_is_optional_num = (lhs_t->tag == OptionalType && non_optional_lhs->tag == NumType);
+        if (lhs_is_optional_num)
+            lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+        bool rhs_is_optional_num = (rhs_t->tag == OptionalType && non_optional_rhs->tag == NumType);
+        if (rhs_is_optional_num)
+            rhs_t = Match(rhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+
+        CORD lhs, rhs;
+        if (lhs_t->tag == BigIntType && rhs_t->tag != BigIntType && is_numeric_type(rhs_t) && binop->lhs->tag == Int) {
+            lhs = compile_int_to_type(env, binop->lhs, rhs_t);
+            lhs_t = rhs_t;
+            rhs = compile(env, binop->rhs);
+        } else if (rhs_t->tag == BigIntType && lhs_t->tag != BigIntType && is_numeric_type(lhs_t) && binop->rhs->tag == Int) {
+            lhs = compile(env, binop->lhs);
+            rhs = compile_int_to_type(env, binop->rhs, lhs_t);
+            rhs_t = lhs_t;
+        } else {
+            lhs = compile(env, binop->lhs);
+            rhs = compile(env, binop->rhs);
+        }
+
+        type_t *operand_t;
+        if (promote(env, binop->rhs, &rhs, rhs_t, lhs_t))
+            operand_t = lhs_t;
+        else if (promote(env, binop->lhs, &lhs, lhs_t, rhs_t))
+            operand_t = rhs_t;
+        else
+            code_err(ast, "I can't do operations between %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+
+        switch (binop->op) {
+        case BINOP_POWER: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != NumType)
+                code_err(ast, "Exponentiation is only supported for Num types, not %T", operand_t);
+            if (operand_t->tag == NumType && Match(operand_t, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS32)
+                return CORD_all("powf(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ")");
+            else
+                return CORD_all("pow(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_MULT: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("(", lhs, " * ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_DIVIDE: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("(", lhs, " / ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_MOD: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("(", lhs, " % ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_MOD1: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("((((", lhs, ")-1) % (", rhs, ")) + 1)");
+        }
+        case BINOP_PLUS: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("(", lhs, " + ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_MINUS: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("(", lhs, " - ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_LSHIFT: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("(", lhs, " << ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_RSHIFT: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("(", lhs, " >> ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_ULSHIFT: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("(", compile_type(operand_t), ")((", compile_unsigned_type(lhs_t), ")", lhs, " << ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_URSHIFT: {
+            if (operand_t->tag != IntType && operand_t->tag != NumType && operand_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(ast, "Math operations are only supported for values of the same numeric type, not %T and %T", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            return CORD_all("(", compile_type(operand_t), ")((", compile_unsigned_type(lhs_t), ")", lhs, " >> ", rhs, ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_EQ: {
+            switch (operand_t->tag) {
+            case BigIntType:
+                return CORD_all("Int$equal_value(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ")");
+            case BoolType: case ByteType: case IntType: case NumType: case PointerType: case FunctionType:
+                if (lhs_is_optional_num || rhs_is_optional_num)
+                    return CORD_asprintf("generic_equal(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(Type(OptionalType, operand_t)));
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " == ", rhs, ")");
+            default:
+                return CORD_asprintf("generic_equal(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(operand_t));
+            }
+        }
+        case BINOP_NE: {
+            switch (operand_t->tag) {
+            case BigIntType:
+                return CORD_all("!Int$equal_value(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ")");
+            case BoolType: case ByteType: case IntType: case NumType: case PointerType: case FunctionType:
+                if (lhs_is_optional_num || rhs_is_optional_num)
+                    return CORD_asprintf("!generic_equal(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(Type(OptionalType, operand_t)));
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " != ", rhs, ")");
+            default:
+                return CORD_asprintf("!generic_equal(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(operand_t));
+            }
+        }
+        case BINOP_LT: {
+            switch (operand_t->tag) {
+            case BigIntType:
+                return CORD_all("(Int$compare_value(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ") < 0)");
+            case BoolType: case ByteType: case IntType: case NumType: case PointerType: case FunctionType:
+                if (lhs_is_optional_num || rhs_is_optional_num)
+                    return CORD_asprintf("(generic_compare(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r) < 0)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(Type(OptionalType, operand_t)));
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " < ", rhs, ")");
+            default:
+                return CORD_asprintf("(generic_compare(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r) < 0)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(operand_t));
+            }
+        }
+        case BINOP_LE: {
+            switch (operand_t->tag) {
+            case BigIntType:
+                return CORD_all("(Int$compare_value(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ") <= 0)");
+            case BoolType: case ByteType: case IntType: case NumType: case PointerType: case FunctionType:
+                if (lhs_is_optional_num || rhs_is_optional_num)
+                    return CORD_asprintf("(generic_compare(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r) <= 0)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(Type(OptionalType, operand_t)));
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " <= ", rhs, ")");
+            default:
+                return CORD_asprintf("(generic_compare(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r) <= 0)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(operand_t));
+            }
+        }
+        case BINOP_GT: {
+            switch (operand_t->tag) {
+            case BigIntType:
+                return CORD_all("(Int$compare_value(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ") > 0)");
+            case BoolType: case ByteType: case IntType: case NumType: case PointerType: case FunctionType:
+                if (lhs_is_optional_num || rhs_is_optional_num)
+                    return CORD_asprintf("(generic_compare(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r) > 0)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(Type(OptionalType, operand_t)));
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " > ", rhs, ")");
+            default:
+                return CORD_asprintf("(generic_compare(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r) > 0)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(operand_t));
+            }
+        }
+        case BINOP_GE: {
+            switch (operand_t->tag) {
+            case BigIntType:
+                return CORD_all("(Int$compare_value(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ") >= 0)");
+            case BoolType: case ByteType: case IntType: case NumType: case PointerType: case FunctionType:
+                if (lhs_is_optional_num || rhs_is_optional_num)
+                    return CORD_asprintf("(generic_compare(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r) >= 0)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(Type(OptionalType, operand_t)));
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " >= ", rhs, ")");
+            default:
+                return CORD_asprintf("(generic_compare(stack(%r), stack(%r), %r) >= 0)", lhs, rhs, compile_type_info(operand_t));
+            }
+        }
+        case BINOP_AND: {
+            if (operand_t->tag == BoolType)
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " && ", rhs, ")");
+            else if (operand_t->tag == IntType || operand_t->tag == ByteType)
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " & ", rhs, ")");
+            else
+                code_err(ast, "The 'and' operator isn't supported between %T and %T values", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+        }
+        case BINOP_CMP: {
+            if (lhs_is_optional_num || rhs_is_optional_num)
+                operand_t = Type(OptionalType, operand_t);
+            return CORD_all("generic_compare(stack(", lhs, "), stack(", rhs, "), ", compile_type_info(operand_t), ")");
+        }
+        case BINOP_OR: {
+            if (operand_t->tag == BoolType)
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " || ", rhs, ")");
+            else if (operand_t->tag == IntType || operand_t->tag == ByteType)
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " | ", rhs, ")");
+            else
+                code_err(ast, "The 'or' operator isn't supported between %T and %T values", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+        }
+        case BINOP_XOR: {
+            // TODO: support optional values in `xor` expressions
+            if (operand_t->tag == BoolType || operand_t->tag == IntType || operand_t->tag == ByteType)
+                return CORD_all("(", lhs, " ^ ", rhs, ")");
+            else
+                code_err(ast, "The 'xor' operator isn't supported between %T and %T values", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+        }
+        case BINOP_CONCAT: {
+            if (operand_t == PATH_TYPE)
+                return CORD_all("Path$concat(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ")");
+            switch (operand_t->tag) {
+            case TextType: {
+                return CORD_all("Text$concat(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ")");
+            }
+            case ArrayType: {
+                return CORD_all("Array$concat(", lhs, ", ", rhs, ", sizeof(", compile_type(Match(operand_t, ArrayType)->item_type), "))");
+            }
+            default:
+                code_err(ast, "Concatenation isn't supported between %T and %T values", lhs_t, rhs_t);
+            }
+        }
+        default: break;
+        }
+        code_err(ast, "unimplemented binop");
+    }
+    case TextLiteral: {
+        CORD literal = Match(ast, TextLiteral)->cord; 
+        if (literal == CORD_EMPTY)
+            return "EMPTY_TEXT";
+
+        if (string_literal_is_all_ascii(literal))
+            return CORD_all("Text(", compile_string_literal(literal), ")");
+        else
+            return CORD_all("Text$from_str(", compile_string_literal(literal), ")");
+    }
+    case TextJoin: {
+        const char *lang = Match(ast, TextJoin)->lang;
+
+        type_t *text_t = lang ? Table$str_get(*env->types, lang) : TEXT_TYPE;
+        if (!text_t || text_t->tag != TextType)
+            code_err(ast, "%s is not a valid text language name", lang);
+
+        CORD lang_constructor;
+        if (!lang || streq(lang, "Text"))
+            lang_constructor = "Text";
+        else if (streq(lang, "Pattern"))
+            lang_constructor = lang;
+        else
+            lang_constructor = CORD_all(namespace_prefix(Match(text_t, TextType)->env, Match(text_t, TextType)->env->namespace->parent), lang);
+
+        ast_list_t *chunks = Match(ast, TextJoin)->children;
+        if (!chunks) {
+            return CORD_all(lang_constructor, "(\"\")");
+        } else if (!chunks->next && chunks->ast->tag == TextLiteral) {
+            CORD literal = Match(chunks->ast, TextLiteral)->cord; 
+            if (string_literal_is_all_ascii(literal))
+                return CORD_all(lang_constructor, "(", compile_string_literal(literal), ")");
+            return CORD_all("((", compile_type(text_t), ")", compile(env, chunks->ast), ")");
+        } else {
+            CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+            for (ast_list_t *chunk = chunks; chunk; chunk = chunk->next) {
+                CORD chunk_code;
+                type_t *chunk_t = get_type(env, chunk->ast);
+                if (chunk->ast->tag == TextLiteral || type_eq(chunk_t, text_t)) {
+                    chunk_code = compile(env, chunk->ast);
+                } else {
+                    binding_t *constructor = get_constructor(env, text_t, new(arg_ast_t, .value=chunk->ast));
+                    if (constructor) {
+                        arg_t *arg_spec = Match(constructor->type, FunctionType)->args;
+                        arg_ast_t *args = new(arg_ast_t, .value=chunk->ast);
+                        chunk_code = CORD_all(constructor->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, args), ")");
+                    } else if (type_eq(text_t, TEXT_TYPE)) {
+                        if (chunk_t->tag == TextType)
+                            chunk_code = compile(env, chunk->ast);
+                        else
+                            chunk_code = compile_string(env, chunk->ast, "no");
+                    } else {
+                        code_err(chunk->ast, "I don't know how to convert %T to %T", chunk_t, text_t);
+                    }
+                }
+                code = CORD_cat(code, chunk_code);
+                if (chunk->next) code = CORD_cat(code, ", ");
+            }
+            if (chunks->next)
+                return CORD_all(lang_constructor, "s(", code, ")");
+            else
+                return code;
+        }
+    }
+    case Path: {
+        return CORD_all("Path(", compile_string_literal(Match(ast, Path)->path), ")");
+    }
+    case Block: {
+        ast_list_t *stmts = Match(ast, Block)->statements;
+        if (stmts && !stmts->next)
+            return compile(env, stmts->ast);
+
+        CORD code = "({\n";
+        deferral_t *prev_deferred = env->deferred;
+        env = fresh_scope(env);
+        for (ast_list_t *stmt = stmts; stmt; stmt = stmt->next)
+            prebind_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+        for (ast_list_t *stmt = stmts; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+            if (stmt->next) {
+                code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(env, stmt->ast), "\n");
+            } else {
+                // TODO: put defer after evaluating block expression
+                for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != prev_deferred; deferred = deferred->next) {
+                    code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
+                }
+                code = CORD_all(code, compile(env, stmt->ast), ";\n");
+            }
+            bind_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+        }
+
+        return CORD_cat(code, "})");
+    }
+    case Min: case Max: {
+        type_t *t = get_type(env, ast);
+        ast_t *key = ast->tag == Min ? Match(ast, Min)->key : Match(ast, Max)->key;
+        ast_t *lhs = ast->tag == Min ? Match(ast, Min)->lhs : Match(ast, Max)->lhs;
+        ast_t *rhs = ast->tag == Min ? Match(ast, Min)->rhs : Match(ast, Max)->rhs;
+        const char *key_name = "$";
+        if (key == NULL) key = FakeAST(Var, key_name);
+
+        env_t *expr_env = fresh_scope(env);
+        set_binding(expr_env, key_name, t, "ternary$lhs");
+        CORD lhs_key = compile(expr_env, key);
+
+        set_binding(expr_env, key_name, t, "ternary$rhs");
+        CORD rhs_key = compile(expr_env, key);
+
+        type_t *key_t = get_type(expr_env, key);
+        CORD comparison;
+        if (key_t->tag == BigIntType)
+            comparison = CORD_all("(Int$compare_value(", lhs_key, ", ", rhs_key, ")", (ast->tag == Min ? "<=" : ">="), "0)");
+        else if (key_t->tag == IntType || key_t->tag == NumType || key_t->tag == BoolType || key_t->tag == PointerType || key_t->tag == ByteType)
+            comparison = CORD_all("((", lhs_key, ")", (ast->tag == Min ? "<=" : ">="), "(", rhs_key, "))");
+        else
+            comparison = CORD_all("generic_compare(stack(", lhs_key, "), stack(", rhs_key, "), ", compile_type_info(key_t), ")",
+                                  (ast->tag == Min ? "<=" : ">="), "0");
+
+        return CORD_all(
+            "({\n",
+            compile_type(t), " ternary$lhs = ", compile(env, lhs), ", ternary$rhs = ", compile(env, rhs), ";\n",
+            comparison, " ? ternary$lhs : ternary$rhs;\n"
+            "})");
+    }
+    case Array: {
+        type_t *array_type = get_type(env, ast);
+        type_t *item_type = Match(array_type, ArrayType)->item_type;
+        // if (type_size(Match(array_type, ArrayType)->item_type) > ARRAY_MAX_STRIDE)
+        //     code_err(ast, "This array holds items that take up %ld bytes, but the maximum supported size is %ld bytes. Consider using an array of pointers instead.",
+        //              type_size(item_type), ARRAY_MAX_STRIDE);
+
+        auto array = Match(ast, Array);
+        if (!array->items)
+            return "(Array_t){.length=0}";
+
+        int64_t n = 0;
+        for (ast_list_t *item = array->items; item; item = item->next) {
+            ++n;
+            if (item->ast->tag == Comprehension)
+                goto array_comprehension;
+        }
+
+        {
+            env_t *scope = item_type->tag == EnumType ? with_enum_scope(env, item_type) : env;
+            CORD code = CORD_all("TypedArrayN(", compile_type(item_type), CORD_asprintf(", %ld", n));
+            for (ast_list_t *item = array->items; item; item = item->next) {
+                code = CORD_all(code, ", ", compile_to_type(scope, item->ast, item_type));
+            }
+            return CORD_cat(code, ")");
+        }
+
+      array_comprehension:
+        {
+            env_t *scope = item_type->tag == EnumType ? with_enum_scope(env, item_type) : fresh_scope(env);
+            static int64_t comp_num = 1;
+            const char *comprehension_name = heap_strf("arr$%ld", comp_num++);
+            ast_t *comprehension_var = FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code=CORD_all("&", comprehension_name),
+                                               .type=Type(PointerType, .pointed=array_type, .is_stack=true));
+            Closure_t comp_action = {.fn=add_to_array_comprehension, .userdata=comprehension_var};
+            scope->comprehension_action = &comp_action;
+            CORD code = CORD_all("({ Array_t ", comprehension_name, " = {};");
+            // set_binding(scope, comprehension_name, array_type, comprehension_name);
+            for (ast_list_t *item = array->items; item; item = item->next) {
+                if (item->ast->tag == Comprehension)
+                    code = CORD_all(code, "\n", compile_statement(scope, item->ast));
+                else
+                    code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(env, add_to_array_comprehension(item->ast, comprehension_var)));
+            }
+            code = CORD_all(code, " ", comprehension_name, "; })");
+            return code;
+        }
+    }
+    case Table: {
+        auto table = Match(ast, Table);
+        if (!table->entries) {
+            CORD code = "((Table_t){";
+            if (table->fallback)
+                code = CORD_all(code, ".fallback=heap(", compile(env, table->fallback),")");
+            return CORD_cat(code, "})");
+        }
+
+        type_t *table_type = get_type(env, ast);
+        type_t *key_t = Match(table_type, TableType)->key_type;
+        type_t *value_t = Match(table_type, TableType)->value_type;
+
+        if (value_t->tag == OptionalType)
+            code_err(ast, "Tables whose values are optional (%T) are not currently supported.", value_t);
+
+        for (ast_list_t *entry = table->entries; entry; entry = entry->next) {
+            if (entry->ast->tag == Comprehension)
+                goto table_comprehension;
+        }
+           
+        { // No comprehension:
+            env_t *key_scope = key_t->tag == EnumType ? with_enum_scope(env, key_t) : env;
+            env_t *value_scope = value_t->tag == EnumType ? with_enum_scope(env, value_t) : env;
+            CORD code = CORD_all("Table(",
+                                 compile_type(key_t), ", ",
+                                 compile_type(value_t), ", ",
+                                 compile_type_info(key_t), ", ",
+                                 compile_type_info(value_t));
+            if (table->fallback)
+                code = CORD_all(code, ", /*fallback:*/ heap(", compile(env, table->fallback), ")");
+            else
+                code = CORD_all(code, ", /*fallback:*/ NULL");
+
+            size_t n = 0;
+            for (ast_list_t *entry = table->entries; entry; entry = entry->next)
+                ++n;
+            CORD_appendf(&code, ", %zu", n);
+
+            for (ast_list_t *entry = table->entries; entry; entry = entry->next) {
+                auto e = Match(entry->ast, TableEntry);
+                code = CORD_all(code, ",\n\t{", compile_to_type(key_scope, e->key, key_t), ", ",
+                                compile_to_type(value_scope, e->value, value_t), "}");
+            }
+            return CORD_cat(code, ")");
+        }
+
+      table_comprehension:
+        {
+            static int64_t comp_num = 1;
+            env_t *scope = fresh_scope(env);
+            const char *comprehension_name = heap_strf("table$%ld", comp_num++);
+            ast_t *comprehension_var = FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code=CORD_all("&", comprehension_name),
+                                               .type=Type(PointerType, .pointed=table_type, .is_stack=true));
+
+            CORD code = CORD_all("({ Table_t ", comprehension_name, " = {");
+            if (table->fallback)
+                code = CORD_all(code, ".fallback=heap(", compile(env, table->fallback), "), ");
+
+            code = CORD_cat(code, "};");
+
+            Closure_t comp_action = {.fn=add_to_table_comprehension, .userdata=comprehension_var};
+            scope->comprehension_action = &comp_action;
+            for (ast_list_t *entry = table->entries; entry; entry = entry->next) {
+                if (entry->ast->tag == Comprehension)
+                    code = CORD_all(code, "\n", compile_statement(scope, entry->ast));
+                else
+                    code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(env, add_to_table_comprehension(entry->ast, comprehension_var)));
+            }
+            code = CORD_all(code, " ", comprehension_name, "; })");
+            return code;
+        }
+
+    }
+    case Set: {
+        auto set = Match(ast, Set);
+        if (!set->items)
+            return "((Table_t){})";
+
+        type_t *set_type = get_type(env, ast);
+        type_t *item_type = Match(set_type, SetType)->item_type;
+
+        size_t n = 0;
+        for (ast_list_t *item = set->items; item; item = item->next) {
+            ++n;
+            if (item->ast->tag == Comprehension)
+                goto set_comprehension;
+        }
+           
+        { // No comprehension:
+            CORD code = CORD_all("Set(",
+                                 compile_type(item_type), ", ",
+                                 compile_type_info(item_type));
+            CORD_appendf(&code, ", %zu", n);
+            env_t *scope = item_type->tag == EnumType ? with_enum_scope(env, item_type) : env;
+            for (ast_list_t *item = set->items; item; item = item->next) {
+                code = CORD_all(code, ", ", compile_to_type(scope, item->ast, item_type));
+            }
+            return CORD_cat(code, ")");
+        }
+
+      set_comprehension:
+        {
+            static int64_t comp_num = 1;
+            env_t *scope = item_type->tag == EnumType ? with_enum_scope(env, item_type) : fresh_scope(env);
+            const char *comprehension_name = heap_strf("set$%ld", comp_num++);
+            ast_t *comprehension_var = FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code=CORD_all("&", comprehension_name),
+                                               .type=Type(PointerType, .pointed=set_type, .is_stack=true));
+            CORD code = CORD_all("({ Table_t ", comprehension_name, " = {};");
+            Closure_t comp_action = {.fn=add_to_set_comprehension, .userdata=comprehension_var};
+            scope->comprehension_action = &comp_action;
+            for (ast_list_t *item = set->items; item; item = item->next) {
+                if (item->ast->tag == Comprehension)
+                    code = CORD_all(code, "\n", compile_statement(scope, item->ast));
+                else
+                    code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(env, add_to_set_comprehension(item->ast, comprehension_var)));
+            }
+            code = CORD_all(code, " ", comprehension_name, "; })");
+            return code;
+        }
+
+    }
+    case Comprehension: {
+        ast_t *base = Match(ast, Comprehension)->expr;
+        while (base->tag == Comprehension)
+            base = Match(ast, Comprehension)->expr;
+        if (base->tag == TableEntry)
+            return compile(env, WrapAST(ast, Table, .entries=new(ast_list_t, .ast=ast)));
+        else
+            return compile(env, WrapAST(ast, Array, .items=new(ast_list_t, .ast=ast)));
+    }
+    case Lambda: {
+        auto lambda = Match(ast, Lambda);
+        CORD name = CORD_asprintf("%rlambda$%ld", namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), lambda->id);
+
+        env->code->function_naming = CORD_all(
+            env->code->function_naming,
+            CORD_asprintf("register_function(%r, Text(\"%s.tm\"), %ld, Text(%r));\n",
+                          name, file_base_name(ast->file->filename), get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start),
+                          CORD_quoted(type_to_cord(get_type(env, ast)))));
+
+        env_t *body_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+        body_scope->deferred = NULL;
+        for (arg_ast_t *arg = lambda->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
+            set_binding(body_scope, arg->name, arg_type, CORD_all("_$", arg->name));
+        }
+
+        type_t *ret_t = get_type(body_scope, lambda->body);
+        if (ret_t->tag == ReturnType)
+            ret_t = Match(ret_t, ReturnType)->ret;
+
+        if (lambda->ret_type) {
+            type_t *declared = parse_type_ast(env, lambda->ret_type);
+            if (can_promote(ret_t, declared))
+                ret_t = declared;
+            else
+                code_err(ast, "This function was declared to return a value of type %T, but actually returns a value of type %T",
+                         declared, ret_t);
+        }
+
+        body_scope->fn_ret = ret_t;
+
+        Table_t closed_vars = get_closed_vars(env, lambda->args, ast);
+        if (Table$length(closed_vars) > 0) { // Create a typedef for the lambda's closure userdata
+            CORD def = "typedef struct {";
+            for (int64_t i = 1; i <= Table$length(closed_vars); i++) {
+                struct { const char *name; binding_t *b; } *entry = Table$entry(closed_vars, i);
+                if (has_stack_memory(entry->b->type))
+                    code_err(ast, "This function is holding onto a reference to %T stack memory in the variable `%s`, but the function may outlive the stack memory",
+                             entry->b->type, entry->name);
+                if (entry->b->type->tag == ModuleType)
+                    continue;
+                set_binding(body_scope, entry->name, entry->b->type, CORD_cat("userdata->", entry->name));
+                def = CORD_all(def, compile_declaration(entry->b->type, entry->name), "; ");
+            }
+            def = CORD_all(def, "} ", name, "$userdata_t;");
+            env->code->local_typedefs = CORD_all(env->code->local_typedefs, def);
+        }
+
+        CORD code = CORD_all("static ", compile_type(ret_t), " ", name, "(");
+        for (arg_ast_t *arg = lambda->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_type(arg_type), " _$", arg->name, ", ");
+        }
+
+        CORD userdata;
+        if (Table$length(closed_vars) == 0) {
+            code = CORD_cat(code, "void *)");
+            userdata = "NULL";
+        } else {
+            userdata = CORD_all("new(", name, "$userdata_t");
+            for (int64_t i = 1; i <= Table$length(closed_vars); i++) {
+                struct { const char *name; binding_t *b; } *entry = Table$entry(closed_vars, i);
+                if (entry->b->type->tag == ModuleType)
+                    continue;
+                binding_t *b = get_binding(env, entry->name);
+                assert(b);
+                CORD binding_code = b->code;
+                if (entry->b->type->tag == ArrayType)
+                    userdata = CORD_all(userdata, ", ARRAY_COPY(", binding_code, ")");
+                else if (entry->b->type->tag == TableType || entry->b->type->tag == SetType)
+                    userdata = CORD_all(userdata, ", TABLE_COPY(", binding_code, ")");
+                else 
+                    userdata = CORD_all(userdata, ", ", binding_code);
+            }
+            userdata = CORD_all(userdata, ")");
+            code = CORD_all(code, name, "$userdata_t *userdata)");
+        }
+
+        CORD body = CORD_EMPTY;
+        for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(lambda->body, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+            if (stmt->next || ret_t->tag == VoidType || ret_t->tag == AbortType || get_type(body_scope, stmt->ast)->tag == ReturnType)
+                body = CORD_all(body, compile_statement(body_scope, stmt->ast), "\n");
+            else
+                body = CORD_all(body, compile_statement(body_scope, FakeAST(Return, stmt->ast)), "\n");
+            bind_statement(body_scope, stmt->ast);
+        }
+        if ((ret_t->tag == VoidType || ret_t->tag == AbortType) && body_scope->deferred)
+            body = CORD_all(body, compile_statement(body_scope, FakeAST(Return)), "\n");
+
+        env->code->lambdas = CORD_all(env->code->lambdas, code, " {\n", body, "\n}\n");
+        return CORD_all("((Closure_t){", name, ", ", userdata, "})");
+    }
+    case MethodCall: {
+        auto call = Match(ast, MethodCall);
+        type_t *self_t = get_type(env, call->self);
+
+        if (streq(call->name, "serialized")) {
+            if (call->args)
+                code_err(ast, ":serialized() doesn't take any arguments"); 
+            return CORD_all("generic_serialize((", compile_declaration(self_t, "[1]"), "){",
+                            compile(env, call->self), "}, ", compile_type_info(self_t), ")");
+        }
+
+        int64_t pointer_depth = 0;
+        type_t *self_value_t = self_t;
+        for (; self_value_t->tag == PointerType; self_value_t = Match(self_value_t, PointerType)->pointed)
+            pointer_depth += 1;
+
+        CORD self = compile(env, call->self);
+
+#define EXPECT_POINTER(article, name) do { \
+    if (pointer_depth < 1) code_err(call->self, "I expected "article" "name" pointer here, not "article" "name" value"); \
+    else if (pointer_depth > 1) code_err(call->self, "I expected "article" "name" pointer here, not a nested "name" pointer"); \
+} while (0)
+        switch (self_value_t->tag) {
+        case ArrayType: {
+            type_t *item_t = Match(self_value_t, ArrayType)->item_type;
+            CORD padded_item_size = CORD_all("sizeof(", compile_type(item_t), ")");
+
+            ast_t *default_rng = FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code="default_rng", .type=RNG_TYPE);
+            if (streq(call->name, "insert")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="item", .type=item_t,
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="at", .type=INT_TYPE, .default_val=FakeAST(Int, .str="0")));
+                return CORD_all("Array$insert_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "insert_all")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="items", .type=self_value_t,
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="at", .type=INT_TYPE, .default_val=FakeAST(Int, .str="0")));
+                return CORD_all("Array$insert_all(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "remove_at")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="index", .type=INT_TYPE, .default_val=FakeAST(Int, .str="-1"),
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="count", .type=INT_TYPE, .default_val=FakeAST(Int, .str="1")));
+                return CORD_all("Array$remove_at(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "remove_item")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="item", .type=item_t,
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="max_count", .type=INT_TYPE, .default_val=FakeAST(Int, .str="-1")));
+                return CORD_all("Array$remove_item_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "random")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="rng", .type=RNG_TYPE, .default_val=default_rng);
+                return CORD_all("Array$random_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ", compile_type(item_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "has")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="item", .type=item_t);
+                return CORD_all("Array$has_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "sample")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="count", .type=INT_TYPE,
+                    .next=new(arg_t, .name="weights", .type=Type(ArrayType, .item_type=Type(NumType)),
+                              .default_val=FakeAST(None, .type=new(type_ast_t, .tag=ArrayTypeAST,
+                                   .__data.ArrayTypeAST.item=new(type_ast_t, .tag=VarTypeAST, .__data.VarTypeAST.name="Num"))),
+                              .next=new(arg_t, .name="rng", .type=RNG_TYPE, .default_val=default_rng)));
+                return CORD_all("Array$sample(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "shuffle")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="rng", .type=RNG_TYPE, .default_val=default_rng);
+                return CORD_all("Array$shuffle(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ", padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "shuffled")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="rng", .type=RNG_TYPE, .default_val=default_rng);
+                return CORD_all("Array$shuffled(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ", padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "slice")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, true);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="first", .type=INT_TYPE, .next=new(arg_t, .name="last", .type=INT_TYPE));
+                return CORD_all("Array$slice(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "sort") || streq(call->name, "sorted")) {
+                if (streq(call->name, "sort"))
+                    EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                else
+                    self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                CORD comparison;
+                if (call->args) {
+                    type_t *item_ptr = Type(PointerType, .pointed=item_t, .is_stack=true);
+                    type_t *fn_t = Type(FunctionType, .args=new(arg_t, .name="x", .type=item_ptr, .next=new(arg_t, .name="y", .type=item_ptr)),
+                                        .ret=Type(IntType, .bits=TYPE_IBITS32));
+                    arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="by", .type=Type(ClosureType, .fn=fn_t));
+                    comparison = compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args);
+                } else {
+                    comparison = CORD_all("((Closure_t){.fn=generic_compare, .userdata=(void*)", compile_type_info(item_t), "})");
+                }
+                return CORD_all("Array$", call->name, "(", self, ", ", comparison, ", ", padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "heapify")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                CORD comparison;
+                if (call->args) {
+                    type_t *item_ptr = Type(PointerType, .pointed=item_t, .is_stack=true);
+                    type_t *fn_t = Type(FunctionType, .args=new(arg_t, .name="x", .type=item_ptr, .next=new(arg_t, .name="y", .type=item_ptr)),
+                                        .ret=Type(IntType, .bits=TYPE_IBITS32));
+                    arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="by", .type=Type(ClosureType, .fn=fn_t));
+                    comparison = compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args);
+                } else {
+                    comparison = CORD_all("((Closure_t){.fn=generic_compare, .userdata=(void*)", compile_type_info(item_t), "})");
+                }
+                return CORD_all("Array$heapify(", self, ", ", comparison, ", ", padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "heap_push")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                type_t *item_ptr = Type(PointerType, .pointed=item_t, .is_stack=true);
+                type_t *fn_t = Type(FunctionType, .args=new(arg_t, .name="x", .type=item_ptr, .next=new(arg_t, .name="y", .type=item_ptr)),
+                                    .ret=Type(IntType, .bits=TYPE_IBITS32));
+                ast_t *default_cmp = FakeAST(InlineCCode,
+                                             .code=CORD_all("((Closure_t){.fn=generic_compare, .userdata=(void*)",
+                                                            compile_type_info(item_t), "})"),
+                                             .type=Type(ClosureType, .fn=fn_t));
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="item", .type=item_t,
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="by", .type=Type(ClosureType, .fn=fn_t), .default_val=default_cmp));
+                CORD arg_code = compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Array$heap_push_value(", self, ", ", arg_code, ", ", padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "heap_pop")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                type_t *item_ptr = Type(PointerType, .pointed=item_t, .is_stack=true);
+                type_t *fn_t = Type(FunctionType, .args=new(arg_t, .name="x", .type=item_ptr, .next=new(arg_t, .name="y", .type=item_ptr)),
+                                    .ret=Type(IntType, .bits=TYPE_IBITS32));
+                ast_t *default_cmp = FakeAST(InlineCCode,
+                                             .code=CORD_all("((Closure_t){.fn=generic_compare, .userdata=(void*)",
+                                                            compile_type_info(item_t), "})"),
+                                             .type=Type(ClosureType, .fn=fn_t));
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="by", .type=Type(ClosureType, .fn=fn_t), .default_val=default_cmp);
+                CORD arg_code = compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Array$heap_pop_value(", self, ", ", arg_code, ", ", compile_type(item_t), ", _, ",
+                                promote_to_optional(item_t, "_"), ", ", compile_none(item_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "binary_search")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, call->args != NULL);
+                type_t *item_ptr = Type(PointerType, .pointed=item_t, .is_stack=true);
+                type_t *fn_t = Type(FunctionType, .args=new(arg_t, .name="x", .type=item_ptr, .next=new(arg_t, .name="y", .type=item_ptr)),
+                                    .ret=Type(IntType, .bits=TYPE_IBITS32));
+                ast_t *default_cmp = FakeAST(InlineCCode,
+                                             .code=CORD_all("((Closure_t){.fn=generic_compare, .userdata=(void*)",
+                                                            compile_type_info(item_t), "})"),
+                                             .type=Type(ClosureType, .fn=fn_t));
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="target", .type=item_t,
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="by", .type=Type(ClosureType, .fn=fn_t), .default_val=default_cmp));
+                CORD arg_code = compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Array$binary_search_value(", self, ", ", arg_code, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "clear")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                (void)compile_arguments(env, ast, NULL, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Array$clear(", self, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "find")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="item", .type=item_t);
+                return CORD_all("Array$find_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args),
+                                ", ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "first")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, call->args != NULL);
+                type_t *item_ptr = Type(PointerType, .pointed=item_t, .is_stack=true);
+                type_t *predicate_type = Type(
+                    ClosureType, .fn=Type(FunctionType, .args=new(arg_t, .name="item", .type=item_ptr), .ret=Type(BoolType)));
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="predicate", .type=predicate_type);
+                return CORD_all("Array$first(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "from")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, true);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="first", .type=INT_TYPE);
+                return CORD_all("Array$from(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "to")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, true);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="last", .type=INT_TYPE);
+                return CORD_all("Array$to(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "by")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, true);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="stride", .type=INT_TYPE);
+                return CORD_all("Array$by(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ", padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "reversed")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, true);
+                (void)compile_arguments(env, ast, NULL, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Array$reversed(", self, ", ", padded_item_size, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "unique")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                (void)compile_arguments(env, ast, NULL, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Table$from_entries(", self, ", Set$info(", compile_type_info(item_t), "))");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "pop")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("an", "array");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="index", .type=INT_TYPE, .default_val=FakeAST(Int, "-1"));
+                CORD index = compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Array$pop(", self, ", ", index, ", ", compile_type(item_t), ", _, ",
+                                promote_to_optional(item_t, "_"), ", ", compile_none(item_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "counts")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                (void)compile_arguments(env, ast, NULL, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Array$counts(", self, ", ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else code_err(ast, "There is no '%s' method for arrays", call->name);
+        }
+        case SetType: {
+            auto set = Match(self_value_t, SetType);
+            if (streq(call->name, "has")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="key", .type=set->item_type);
+                return CORD_all("Table$has_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "add")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("a", "set");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="item", .type=set->item_type);
+                return CORD_all("Table$set_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", NULL, ",
+                                compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "add_all")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("a", "set");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="items", .type=Type(ArrayType, .item_type=Match(self_value_t, SetType)->item_type));
+                return CORD_all("({ Table_t *set = ", self, "; ",
+                                "Array_t to_add = ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), "; ",
+                                "for (int64_t i = 0; i < to_add.length; i++)\n"
+                                "Table$set(set, to_add.data + i*to_add.stride, NULL, ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ");\n",
+                                "(void)0; })");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "remove")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("a", "set");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="item", .type=set->item_type);
+                return CORD_all("Table$remove_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "remove_all")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("a", "set");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="items", .type=Type(ArrayType, .item_type=Match(self_value_t, SetType)->item_type));
+                return CORD_all("({ Table_t *set = ", self, "; ",
+                                "Array_t to_add = ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), "; ",
+                                "for (int64_t i = 0; i < to_add.length; i++)\n"
+                                "Table$remove(set, to_add.data + i*to_add.stride, ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ");\n",
+                                "(void)0; })");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "clear")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("a", "set");
+                (void)compile_arguments(env, ast, NULL, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Table$clear(", self, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "with")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="other", .type=self_value_t);
+                return CORD_all("Table$with(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args),
+                                ", ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "overlap")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="other", .type=self_value_t);
+                return CORD_all("Table$overlap(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args),
+                                ", ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "without")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="other", .type=self_value_t);
+                return CORD_all("Table$without(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args),
+                                ", ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "is_subset_of")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="other", .type=self_value_t,
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="strict", .type=Type(BoolType), .default_val=FakeAST(Bool, false)));
+                return CORD_all("Table$is_subset_of(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args),
+                                ", ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "is_superset_of")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="other", .type=self_value_t,
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="strict", .type=Type(BoolType), .default_val=FakeAST(Bool, false)));
+                return CORD_all("Table$is_superset_of(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args),
+                                ", ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else code_err(ast, "There is no '%s' method for tables", call->name);
+        }
+        case TableType: {
+            auto table = Match(self_value_t, TableType);
+            if (streq(call->name, "get")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="key", .type=table->key_type);
+                return CORD_all(
+                    "Table$get_optional(", self, ", ", compile_type(table->key_type), ", ",
+                    compile_type(table->value_type), ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                    "_, ", optional_into_nonnone(table->value_type, "(*_)"), ", ", compile_none(table->value_type), ", ",
+                    compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "has")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="key", .type=table->key_type);
+                return CORD_all("Table$has_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "set")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("a", "table");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="key", .type=table->key_type,
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="value", .type=table->value_type));
+                return CORD_all("Table$set_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "bump")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("a", "table");
+                if (!(table->value_type->tag == IntType || table->value_type->tag == NumType))
+                    code_err(ast, "bump() is only supported for tables with numeric value types, not %T", self_value_t);
+                ast_t *one = table->value_type->tag == IntType
+                    ? FakeAST(Int, .str="1")
+                    : FakeAST(Num, .n=1);
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="key", .type=table->key_type,
+                                      .next=new(arg_t, .name="amount", .type=table->value_type, .default_val=one));
+                return CORD_all("Table$bump(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "remove")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("a", "table");
+                arg_t *arg_spec = new(arg_t, .name="key", .type=table->key_type);
+                return CORD_all("Table$remove_value(", self, ", ", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "clear")) {
+                EXPECT_POINTER("a", "table");
+                (void)compile_arguments(env, ast, NULL, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Table$clear(", self, ")");
+            } else if (streq(call->name, "sorted")) {
+                self = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, call->self, 0, false);
+                (void)compile_arguments(env, ast, NULL, call->args);
+                return CORD_all("Table$sorted(", self, ", ", compile_type_info(self_value_t), ")");
+            } else code_err(ast, "There is no '%s' method for tables", call->name);
+        }
+        default: {
+            auto methodcall = Match(ast, MethodCall);
+            type_t *fn_t = get_method_type(env, methodcall->self, methodcall->name);
+            arg_ast_t *args = new(arg_ast_t, .value=methodcall->self, .next=methodcall->args);
+            binding_t *b = get_namespace_binding(env, methodcall->self, methodcall->name);
+            if (!b) code_err(ast, "No such method");
+            return CORD_all(b->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, ast, Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->args, args), ")");
+        }
+        }
+#undef EXPECT_POINTER
+    }
+    case FunctionCall: {
+        auto call = Match(ast, FunctionCall);
+        type_t *fn_t = get_type(env, call->fn);
+        if (fn_t->tag == FunctionType) {
+            CORD fn = compile(env, call->fn);
+            return CORD_all(fn, "(", compile_arguments(env, ast, Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->args, call->args), ")");
+        } else if (fn_t->tag == TypeInfoType) {
+            type_t *t = Match(fn_t, TypeInfoType)->type;
+
+            // Literal constructors for numeric types like `Byte(123)` should not go through any conversion, just a cast:
+            if (is_numeric_type(t) && call->args && !call->args->next && call->args->value->tag == Int)
+                return compile_to_type(env, call->args->value, t);
+            else if (t->tag == NumType && call->args && !call->args->next && call->args->value->tag == Num)
+                return compile_to_type(env, call->args->value, t);
+
+            binding_t *constructor = get_constructor(env, t, call->args);
+            if (constructor) {
+                arg_t *arg_spec = Match(constructor->type, FunctionType)->args;
+                return CORD_all(constructor->code, "(", compile_arguments(env, ast, arg_spec, call->args), ")");
+            }
+
+            type_t *actual = call->args ? get_type(env, call->args->value) : NULL;
+            if (t->tag == TextType) {
+                if (!call->args) code_err(ast, "This constructor needs a value");
+                if (!type_eq(t, TEXT_TYPE))
+                    code_err(call->fn, "I don't have a constructor defined for these arguments");
+                // Text constructor:
+                if (!call->args || call->args->next)
+                    code_err(call->fn, "This constructor takes exactly 1 argument");
+                if (type_eq(actual, t))
+                    return compile(env, call->args->value);
+                return expr_as_text(compile(env, call->args->value), actual, "no");
+            } else if (t->tag == CStringType) {
+                // C String constructor:
+                if (!call->args || call->args->next)
+                    code_err(call->fn, "This constructor takes exactly 1 argument");
+                if (call->args->value->tag == TextLiteral)
+                    return compile_string_literal(Match(call->args->value, TextLiteral)->cord);
+                else if (call->args->value->tag == TextJoin && Match(call->args->value, TextJoin)->children == NULL)
+                    return "\"\"";
+                else if (call->args->value->tag == TextJoin && Match(call->args->value, TextJoin)->children->next == NULL)
+                    return compile_string_literal(Match(Match(call->args->value, TextJoin)->children->ast, TextLiteral)->cord);
+                return CORD_all("Text$as_c_string(", expr_as_text(compile(env, call->args->value), actual, "no"), ")");
+            } else if (t->tag == StructType) {
+                auto struct_ = Match(t, StructType);
+                if (!struct_->opaque && is_valid_call(env, struct_->fields, call->args, true)) {
+                    return CORD_all("((", compile_type(t), "){",
+                                    compile_arguments(env, ast, struct_->fields, call->args), "})");
+                }
+            }
+            code_err(ast, "I could not find a constructor matching these arguments for %T", t);
+        } else if (fn_t->tag == ClosureType) {
+            fn_t = Match(fn_t, ClosureType)->fn;
+            arg_t *type_args = Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->args;
+
+            arg_t *closure_fn_args = NULL;
+            for (arg_t *arg = Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+                closure_fn_args = new(arg_t, .name=arg->name, .type=arg->type, .default_val=arg->default_val, .next=closure_fn_args);
+            closure_fn_args = new(arg_t, .name="userdata", .type=Type(PointerType, .pointed=Type(MemoryType)), .next=closure_fn_args);
+            REVERSE_LIST(closure_fn_args);
+            CORD fn_type_code = compile_type(Type(FunctionType, .args=closure_fn_args, .ret=Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->ret));
+
+            CORD closure = compile(env, call->fn);
+            CORD arg_code = compile_arguments(env, ast, type_args, call->args);
+            if (arg_code) arg_code = CORD_cat(arg_code, ", ");
+            if (call->fn->tag == Var) {
+                return CORD_all("((", fn_type_code, ")", closure, ".fn)(", arg_code, closure, ".userdata)");
+            } else {
+                return CORD_all("({ Closure_t closure = ", closure, "; ((", fn_type_code, ")closure.fn)(",
+                                arg_code, "closure.userdata); })");
+            }
+        } else {
+            code_err(call->fn, "This is not a function, it's a %T", fn_t);
+        }
+    }
+    case Deserialize: {
+        ast_t *value = Match(ast, Deserialize)->value;
+        type_t *value_type = get_type(env, value);
+        if (!type_eq(value_type, Type(ArrayType, Type(ByteType))))
+            code_err(value, "This value should be an array of bytes, not a %T", value_type);
+        type_t *t = parse_type_ast(env, Match(ast, Deserialize)->type);
+        return CORD_all("({ ", compile_declaration(t, "deserialized"), ";\n"
+                        "generic_deserialize(", compile(env, value), ", &deserialized, ", compile_type_info(t), ");\n"
+                        "deserialized; })");
+    }
+    case When: {
+        auto original = Match(ast, When);
+        ast_t *when_var = WrapAST(ast, Var, .name="when"); 
+        when_clause_t *new_clauses = NULL;
+        type_t *subject_t = get_type(env, original->subject);
+        for (when_clause_t *clause = original->clauses; clause; clause = clause->next) {
+            type_t *clause_type = get_clause_type(env, subject_t, clause);
+            if (clause_type->tag == AbortType || clause_type->tag == ReturnType) {
+                new_clauses = new(when_clause_t, .pattern=clause->pattern, .body=clause->body, .next=new_clauses);
+            } else {
+                ast_t *assign = WrapAST(clause->body, Assign,
+                                        .targets=new(ast_list_t, .ast=when_var),
+                                        .values=new(ast_list_t, .ast=clause->body));
+                new_clauses = new(when_clause_t, .pattern=clause->pattern, .body=assign, .next=new_clauses);
+            }
+        }
+        REVERSE_LIST(new_clauses);
+        ast_t *else_body = original->else_body;
+        if (else_body) {
+            type_t *clause_type = get_type(env, else_body);
+            if (clause_type->tag != AbortType && clause_type->tag != ReturnType) {
+                else_body = WrapAST(else_body, Assign,
+                                    .targets=new(ast_list_t, .ast=when_var),
+                                    .values=new(ast_list_t, .ast=else_body));
+            }
+        }
+
+        type_t *t = get_type(env, ast);
+        env_t *when_env = fresh_scope(env);
+        set_binding(when_env, "when", t, "when");
+        return CORD_all(
+            "({ ", compile_declaration(t, "when"), ";\n",
+            compile_statement(when_env, WrapAST(ast, When, .subject=original->subject, .clauses=new_clauses, .else_body=else_body)),
+            "when; })");
+    }
+    case If: {
+        auto if_ = Match(ast, If);
+        ast_t *condition = if_->condition;
+        CORD decl_code = CORD_EMPTY;
+        env_t *truthy_scope = env, *falsey_scope = env;
+
+        CORD condition_code;
+        if (condition->tag == Declare) {
+            type_t *condition_type = get_type(env, Match(condition, Declare)->value);
+            if (condition_type->tag != OptionalType)
+                code_err(condition, "This `if var := ...:` declaration should be an optional type, not %T", condition_type);
+
+            decl_code = compile_statement(env, condition);
+            ast_t *var = Match(condition, Declare)->var;
+            truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+            bind_statement(truthy_scope, condition);
+            condition_code = compile_condition(truthy_scope, var);
+            set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(var, Var)->name,
+                        Match(condition_type, OptionalType)->type,
+                        optional_into_nonnone(condition_type, compile(truthy_scope, var)));
+        } else if (condition->tag == Var) {
+            type_t *condition_type = get_type(env, condition);
+            condition_code = compile_condition(env, condition);
+            if (condition_type->tag == OptionalType) {
+                truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+                set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(condition, Var)->name,
+                            Match(condition_type, OptionalType)->type,
+                            optional_into_nonnone(condition_type, compile(truthy_scope, condition)));
+            }
+        } else {
+            condition_code = compile_condition(env, condition);
+        }
+
+        type_t *true_type = get_type(truthy_scope, if_->body);
+        type_t *false_type = get_type(falsey_scope, if_->else_body);
+        if (true_type->tag == AbortType || true_type->tag == ReturnType)
+            return CORD_all("({ ", decl_code, "if (", condition_code, ") ", compile_statement(truthy_scope, if_->body),
+                            "\n", compile(falsey_scope, if_->else_body), "; })");
+        else if (false_type->tag == AbortType || false_type->tag == ReturnType)
+            return CORD_all("({ ", decl_code, "if (!(", condition_code, ")) ", compile_statement(falsey_scope, if_->else_body),
+                            "\n", compile(truthy_scope, if_->body), "; })");
+        else if (decl_code != CORD_EMPTY)
+            return CORD_all("({ ", decl_code, "(", condition_code, ") ? ", compile(truthy_scope, if_->body), " : ",
+                            compile(falsey_scope, if_->else_body), ";})");
+        else
+            return CORD_all("((", condition_code, ") ? ",
+                            compile(truthy_scope, if_->body), " : ", compile(falsey_scope, if_->else_body), ")");
+    }
+    case Reduction: {
+        auto reduction = Match(ast, Reduction);
+        binop_e op = reduction->op;
+
+        type_t *iter_t = get_type(env, reduction->iter);
+        type_t *item_t = get_iterated_type(iter_t);
+        if (!item_t) code_err(reduction->iter, "I couldn't figure out how to iterate over this type: %T", iter_t);
+
+        static int64_t next_id = 1;
+        ast_t *item = FakeAST(Var, heap_strf("$it%ld", next_id++));
+        ast_t *body = FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code="{}"); // placeholder
+        ast_t *loop = FakeAST(For, .vars=new(ast_list_t, .ast=item), .iter=reduction->iter, .body=body);
+        env_t *body_scope = for_scope(env, loop);
+        if (op == BINOP_EQ || op == BINOP_NE || op == BINOP_LT || op == BINOP_LE || op == BINOP_GT || op == BINOP_GE) {
+            // Chained comparisons like ==, <, etc.
+            CORD code = CORD_all(
+                "({ // Reduction:\n",
+                compile_declaration(item_t, "prev"), ";\n"
+                "OptionalBool_t result = NONE_BOOL;\n"
+                );
+
+            ast_t *comparison = WrapAST(ast, BinaryOp, .op=op, .lhs=FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code="prev", .type=item_t), .rhs=item);
+            body->__data.InlineCCode.code = CORD_all(
+                "if (result == NONE_BOOL) {\n"
+                "    prev = ", compile(body_scope, item), ";\n"
+                "    result = yes;\n"
+                "} else {\n"
+                "    if (", compile(body_scope, comparison), ") {\n",
+                "        prev = ", compile(body_scope, item), ";\n",
+                "    } else {\n"
+                "        result = no;\n",
+                "        break;\n",
+                "    }\n",
+                "}\n");
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(env, loop), "\nresult;})");
+            return code;
+        } else if (op == BINOP_MIN || op == BINOP_MAX) {
+            // Min/max:
+            const char *superlative = op == BINOP_MIN ? "min" : "max";
+            CORD code = CORD_all(
+                "({ // Reduction:\n",
+                compile_declaration(item_t, superlative), ";\n"
+                "Bool_t has_value = no;\n"
+                );
+
+            CORD item_code = compile(body_scope, item);
+            binop_e cmp_op = op == BINOP_MIN ? BINOP_LT : BINOP_GT;
+            if (reduction->key) {
+                env_t *key_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+                set_binding(key_scope, "$", item_t, item_code);
+                type_t *key_type = get_type(key_scope, reduction->key);
+                const char *superlative_key = op == BINOP_MIN ? "min_key" : "max_key";
+                code = CORD_all(code, compile_declaration(key_type, superlative_key), ";\n");
+
+                ast_t *comparison = WrapAST(ast, BinaryOp, .op=cmp_op,
+                                            .lhs=FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code="key", .type=key_type),
+                                            .rhs=FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code=superlative_key, .type=key_type));
+                body->__data.InlineCCode.code = CORD_all(
+                    compile_declaration(key_type, "key"), " = ", compile(key_scope, reduction->key), ";\n",
+                    "if (!has_value || ", compile(body_scope, comparison), ") {\n"
+                    "    ", superlative, " = ", compile(body_scope, item), ";\n"
+                    "    ", superlative_key, " = key;\n"
+                    "    has_value = yes;\n"
+                    "}\n");
+            } else {
+                ast_t *comparison = WrapAST(ast, BinaryOp, .op=cmp_op, .lhs=item, .rhs=FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code=superlative, .type=item_t));
+                body->__data.InlineCCode.code = CORD_all(
+                    "if (!has_value || ", compile(body_scope, comparison), ") {\n"
+                    "    ", superlative, " = ", compile(body_scope, item), ";\n"
+                    "    has_value = yes;\n"
+                    "}\n");
+            }
+
+
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(env, loop), "\nhas_value ? ", promote_to_optional(item_t, superlative),
+                            " : ", compile_none(item_t), ";})");
+            return code;
+        } else {
+            // Accumulator-style reductions like +, ++, *, etc.
+            CORD code = CORD_all(
+                "({ // Reduction:\n",
+                compile_declaration(item_t, "reduction"), ";\n"
+                "Bool_t has_value = no;\n"
+                );
+
+            // For the special case of (or)/(and), we need to early out if we can:
+            CORD early_out = CORD_EMPTY;
+            if (op == BINOP_CMP) {
+                if (item_t->tag != IntType || Match(item_t, IntType)->bits != TYPE_IBITS32)
+                    code_err(ast, "<> reductions are only supported for Int32 values");
+            } else if (op == BINOP_AND) {
+                if (item_t->tag == BoolType)
+                    early_out = "if (!reduction) break;";
+                else if (item_t->tag == OptionalType)
+                    early_out = CORD_all("if (", check_none(item_t, "reduction"), ") break;");
+            } else if (op == BINOP_OR) {
+                if (item_t->tag == BoolType)
+                    early_out = "if (reduction) break;";
+                else if (item_t->tag == OptionalType)
+                    early_out = CORD_all("if (!", check_none(item_t, "reduction"), ") break;");
+            }
+
+            ast_t *combination = WrapAST(ast, BinaryOp, .op=op, .lhs=FakeAST(InlineCCode, .code="reduction", .type=item_t), .rhs=item);
+            body->__data.InlineCCode.code = CORD_all(
+                "if (!has_value) {\n"
+                "    reduction = ", compile(body_scope, item), ";\n"
+                "    has_value = yes;\n"
+                "} else {\n"
+                "    reduction = ", compile(body_scope, combination), ";\n",
+                early_out,
+                "}\n");
+
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_statement(env, loop), "\nhas_value ? ", promote_to_optional(item_t, "reduction"),
+                            " : ", compile_none(item_t), ";})");
+            return code;
+        }
+    }
+    case FieldAccess: {
+        auto f = Match(ast, FieldAccess);
+        type_t *fielded_t = get_type(env, f->fielded);
+        type_t *value_t = value_type(fielded_t);
+        switch (value_t->tag) {
+        case TypeInfoType: {
+            auto info = Match(value_t, TypeInfoType);
+            if (f->field[0] == '_') {
+                for (Table_t *locals = env->locals; locals; locals = locals->fallback) {
+                    if (locals == info->env->locals)
+                        goto is_inside_type;
+                }
+                code_err(ast, "Fields that start with underscores are not accessible on types outside of the type definition.", f->field);
+              is_inside_type:;
+            }
+            binding_t *b = get_binding(info->env, f->field);
+            if (!b) code_err(ast, "I couldn't find the field '%s' on this type", f->field);
+            if (!b->code) code_err(ast, "I couldn't figure out how to compile this field");
+            return b->code;
+        }
+        case TextType: {
+            const char *lang = Match(value_t, TextType)->lang; 
+            if (lang && streq(f->field, "text")) {
+                CORD text = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false);
+                return CORD_all("((Text_t)", text, ")");
+            } else if (streq(f->field, "length")) {
+                return CORD_all("Int$from_int64((", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").length)");
+            }
+            code_err(ast, "There is no '%s' field on %T values", f->field, value_t);
+        }
+        case StructType: {
+            for (arg_t *field = Match(value_t, StructType)->fields; field; field = field->next) {
+                if (streq(field->name, f->field)) {
+                    if (fielded_t->tag == PointerType) {
+                        CORD fielded = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 1, false);
+                        return CORD_asprintf("(%r)->%s", fielded, f->field);
+                    } else {
+                        CORD fielded = compile(env, f->fielded);
+                        return CORD_asprintf("(%r).%s", fielded, f->field);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            code_err(ast, "The field '%s' is not a valid field name of %T", f->field, value_t);
+        }
+        case EnumType: {
+            auto e = Match(value_t, EnumType);
+            for (tag_t *tag = e->tags; tag; tag = tag->next) {
+                if (streq(f->field, tag->name)) {
+                    CORD prefix = namespace_prefix(e->env, e->env->namespace);
+                    if (fielded_t->tag == PointerType) {
+                        CORD fielded = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 1, false);
+                        return CORD_all("((", fielded, ")->$tag == ", prefix, "tag$", tag->name, ")");
+                    } else {
+                        CORD fielded = compile(env, f->fielded);
+                        return CORD_all("((", fielded, ").$tag == ", prefix, "tag$", tag->name, ")");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            code_err(ast, "The field '%s' is not a valid tag name of %T", f->field, value_t);
+        }
+        case ArrayType: {
+            if (streq(f->field, "length"))
+                return CORD_all("Int$from_int64((", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").length)");
+            code_err(ast, "There is no %s field on arrays", f->field);
+        }
+        case SetType: {
+            if (streq(f->field, "items"))
+                return CORD_all("ARRAY_COPY((", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").entries)");
+            else if (streq(f->field, "length"))
+                return CORD_all("Int$from_int64((", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").entries.length)");
+            code_err(ast, "There is no '%s' field on sets", f->field);
+        }
+        case TableType: {
+            if (streq(f->field, "length")) {
+                return CORD_all("Int$from_int64((", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").entries.length)");
+            } else if (streq(f->field, "keys")) {
+                return CORD_all("ARRAY_COPY((", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").entries)");
+            } else if (streq(f->field, "values")) {
+                auto table = Match(value_t, TableType);
+                CORD offset = CORD_all("offsetof(struct { ", compile_declaration(table->key_type, "k"), "; ", compile_declaration(table->value_type, "v"), "; }, v)");
+                return CORD_all("({ Array_t *entries = &(", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").entries;\n"
+                                "ARRAY_INCREF(*entries);\n"
+                                "Array_t values = *entries;\n"
+                                "values.data += ", offset, ";\n"
+                                "values; })");
+            } else if (streq(f->field, "fallback")) {
+                return CORD_all("({ Table_t *_fallback = (", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").fallback; _fallback ? *_fallback : NONE_TABLE; })");
+            }
+            code_err(ast, "There is no '%s' field on tables", f->field);
+        }
+        case ModuleType: {
+            const char *name = Match(value_t, ModuleType)->name;
+            env_t *module_env = Table$str_get(*env->imports, name);
+            return compile(module_env, WrapAST(ast, Var, f->field));
+        }
+        case MomentType: {
+            if (streq(f->field, "seconds")) {
+                return CORD_all("I64((", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").tv_sec)");
+            } else if (streq(f->field, "microseconds")) {
+                return CORD_all("I64((", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, f->fielded, 0, false), ").tv_usec)");
+            }
+            code_err(ast, "There is no '%s' field on Moments", f->field);
+        }
+        default:
+            code_err(ast, "Field accesses are not supported on %T values", fielded_t);
+        }
+    }
+    case Index: {
+        auto indexing = Match(ast, Index);
+        type_t *indexed_type = get_type(env, indexing->indexed);
+        if (!indexing->index) {
+            if (indexed_type->tag != PointerType)
+                code_err(ast, "Only pointers can use the '[]' operator to dereference the entire value.");
+            auto ptr = Match(indexed_type, PointerType);
+            if (ptr->pointed->tag == ArrayType) {
+                return CORD_all("*({ Array_t *arr = ", compile(env, indexing->indexed), "; ARRAY_INCREF(*arr); arr; })");
+            } else if (ptr->pointed->tag == TableType || ptr->pointed->tag == SetType) {
+                return CORD_all("*({ Table_t *t = ", compile(env, indexing->indexed), "; TABLE_INCREF(*t); t; })");
+            } else {
+                return CORD_all("*(", compile(env, indexing->indexed), ")");
+            }
+        }
+
+        type_t *container_t = value_type(indexed_type);
+        type_t *index_t = get_type(env, indexing->index);
+        if (container_t->tag == ArrayType) {
+            if (index_t->tag != IntType && index_t->tag != BigIntType && index_t->tag != ByteType)
+                code_err(indexing->index, "Arrays can only be indexed by integers, not %T", index_t);
+            type_t *item_type = Match(container_t, ArrayType)->item_type;
+            CORD arr = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, indexing->indexed, 0, false);
+            file_t *f = indexing->index->file;
+            CORD index_code = indexing->index->tag == Int
+                ? compile_int_to_type(env, indexing->index, Type(IntType, .bits=TYPE_IBITS64))
+                : (index_t->tag == BigIntType ? CORD_all("Int64$from_int(", compile(env, indexing->index), ", no)")
+                   : CORD_all("(Int64_t)(", compile(env, indexing->index), ")"));
+            if (indexing->unchecked)
+                return CORD_all("Array_get_unchecked(", compile_type(item_type), ", ", arr, ", ", index_code, ")");
+            else
+                return CORD_all("Array_get(", compile_type(item_type), ", ", arr, ", ", index_code, ", ",
+                                CORD_asprintf("%ld", (int64_t)(indexing->index->start - f->text)), ", ",
+                                CORD_asprintf("%ld", (int64_t)(indexing->index->end - f->text)),
+                                ")");
+        } else if (container_t->tag == TableType) {
+            auto table_type = Match(container_t, TableType);
+            if (indexing->unchecked)
+                code_err(ast, "Table indexes cannot be unchecked");
+            if (table_type->default_value) {
+                type_t *value_type = get_type(env, table_type->default_value);
+                return CORD_all("*Table$get_or_setdefault(",
+                                compile_to_pointer_depth(env, indexing->indexed, 1, false), ", ",
+                                compile_type(table_type->key_type), ", ",
+                                compile_type(value_type), ", ",
+                                compile(env, indexing->index), ", ",
+                                compile(env, table_type->default_value), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(container_t), ")");
+            } else if (table_type->value_type) {
+                return CORD_all("Table$get_optional(",
+                                compile_to_pointer_depth(env, indexing->indexed, 0, false), ", ",
+                                compile_type(table_type->key_type), ", ",
+                                compile_type(table_type->value_type), ", ",
+                                compile(env, indexing->index), ", "
+                                "_, ", promote_to_optional(table_type->value_type, "(*_)"), ", ",
+                                compile_none(table_type->value_type), ", ",
+                                compile_type_info(container_t), ")");
+            } else {
+                code_err(indexing->index, "This table doesn't have a value type or a default value");
+            }
+        } else if (container_t->tag == TextType) {
+            return CORD_all("Text$cluster(", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, indexing->indexed, 0, false), ", ", compile_to_type(env, indexing->index, Type(BigIntType)), ")");
+        } else {
+            code_err(ast, "Indexing is not supported for type: %T", container_t);
+        }
+    }
+    case InlineCCode: {
+        type_t *t = get_type(env, ast);
+        if (t->tag == VoidType)
+            return CORD_all("{\n", Match(ast, InlineCCode)->code, "\n}");
+        else
+            return CORD_all("({ ", Match(ast, InlineCCode)->code, "; })");
+    }
+    case Use: code_err(ast, "Compiling 'use' as expression!");
+    case Defer: code_err(ast, "Compiling 'defer' as expression!");
+    case Extern: code_err(ast, "Externs are not supported as expressions");
+    case TableEntry: code_err(ast, "Table entries should not be compiled directly");
+    case Declare: case Assign: case UpdateAssign: case For: case While: case Repeat: case StructDef: case LangDef:
+    case EnumDef: case FunctionDef: case ConvertDef: case Skip: case Stop: case Pass: case Return: case DocTest: case PrintStatement:
+        code_err(ast, "This is not a valid expression");
+    default: case Unknown: code_err(ast, "Unknown AST");
+    }
+}
+
+CORD compile_type_info(type_t *t)
+{
+    if (t == THREAD_TYPE) return "&Thread$info";
+    else if (t == RNG_TYPE) return "&RNG$info";
+    else if (t == MATCH_TYPE) return "&Match$info";
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE) return "&Path$info";
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return "&PathType$info";
+
+    switch (t->tag) {
+    case BoolType: case ByteType: case IntType: case BigIntType: case NumType: case CStringType: case MomentType:
+        return CORD_all("&", type_to_cord(t), "$info");
+    case TextType: {
+        auto text = Match(t, TextType);
+        if (!text->lang || streq(text->lang, "Text"))
+            return "&Text$info";
+        else if (streq(text->lang, "Pattern"))
+            return "&Pattern$info";
+        return CORD_all("(&", namespace_prefix(text->env, text->env->namespace->parent), text->lang, "$$info)");
+    }
+    case StructType: {
+        auto s = Match(t, StructType);
+        return CORD_all("(&", namespace_prefix(s->env, s->env->namespace->parent), s->name, "$$info)");
+    }
+    case EnumType: {
+        auto e = Match(t, EnumType);
+        return CORD_all("(&", namespace_prefix(e->env, e->env->namespace->parent), e->name, "$$info)");
+    }
+    case ArrayType: {
+        type_t *item_t = Match(t, ArrayType)->item_type;
+        return CORD_all("Array$info(", compile_type_info(item_t), ")");
+    }
+    case SetType: {
+        type_t *item_type = Match(t, SetType)->item_type;
+        return CORD_all("Set$info(", compile_type_info(item_type), ")");
+    }
+    case TableType: {
+        auto table = Match(t, TableType);
+        type_t *key_type = table->key_type;
+        type_t *value_type = table->value_type;
+        if (!value_type) {
+            if (!table->env)
+                compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "I got a table with a default value, but no environment to get its type!");
+            value_type = get_type(table->env, table->default_value);
+        }
+        return CORD_all("Table$info(", compile_type_info(key_type), ", ", compile_type_info(value_type), ")");
+    }
+    case PointerType: {
+        auto ptr = Match(t, PointerType);
+        CORD sigil = ptr->is_stack ? "&" : "@";
+        return CORD_asprintf("Pointer$info(%r, %r)",
+                             CORD_quoted(sigil),
+                             compile_type_info(ptr->pointed));
+    }
+    case FunctionType: {
+        return CORD_asprintf("Function$info(%r)", CORD_quoted(type_to_cord(t)));
+    }
+    case ClosureType: {
+        return CORD_asprintf("Closure$info(%r)", CORD_quoted(type_to_cord(t)));
+    }
+    case OptionalType: {
+        type_t *non_optional = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
+        return CORD_asprintf("Optional$info(sizeof(%r), __alignof__(%r), %r)", compile_type(non_optional), compile_type(non_optional), compile_type_info(non_optional));
+    }
+    case MutexedType: {
+        type_t *mutexed = Match(t, MutexedType)->type;
+        return CORD_all("MutexedData$info(", compile_type_info(mutexed), ")");
+    }
+    case TypeInfoType: return CORD_all("Type$info(", CORD_quoted(type_to_cord(Match(t, TypeInfoType)->type)), ")");
+    case MemoryType: return "&Memory$info";
+    case VoidType: return "&Void$info";
+    default:
+        compiler_err(NULL, 0, 0, "I couldn't convert to a type info: %T", t);
+    }
+}
+
+static CORD get_flag_options(type_t *t, CORD separator)
+{
+    if (t->tag == BoolType) {
+        return "yes|no";
+    } else if (t->tag == EnumType) {
+        CORD options = CORD_EMPTY;
+        for (tag_t *tag = Match(t, EnumType)->tags; tag; tag = tag->next) {
+            options = CORD_all(options, tag->name);
+            if (tag->next) options = CORD_all(options, separator);
+        }
+        return options;
+    } else if (t->tag == IntType || t->tag == NumType || t->tag == BigIntType) {
+        return "N";
+    } else {
+        return "...";
+    }
+}
+
+CORD compile_cli_arg_call(env_t *env, CORD fn_name, type_t *fn_type)
+{
+    auto fn_info = Match(fn_type, FunctionType);
+
+    env_t *main_env = fresh_scope(env);
+
+    CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+    binding_t *usage_binding = get_binding(env, "_USAGE");
+    CORD usage_code = usage_binding ? usage_binding->code : "usage";
+    binding_t *help_binding = get_binding(env, "_HELP");
+    CORD help_code = help_binding ? help_binding->code : usage_code;
+    if (!usage_binding) {
+        bool explicit_help_flag = false;
+        for (arg_t *arg = fn_info->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            if (streq(arg->name, "help")) {
+                explicit_help_flag = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        CORD usage = explicit_help_flag ? CORD_EMPTY : " [--help]";
+        for (arg_t *arg = fn_info->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            usage = CORD_cat(usage, " ");
+            type_t *t = get_arg_type(main_env, arg);
+            CORD flag = CORD_replace(arg->name, "_", "-");
+            if (arg->default_val || arg->type->tag == OptionalType) {
+                if (strlen(arg->name) == 1) {
+                    if (t->tag == BoolType || (t->tag == OptionalType && Match(t, OptionalType)->type->tag == BoolType))
+                        usage = CORD_all(usage, "[-", flag, "]");
+                    else
+                        usage = CORD_all(usage, "[-", flag, " ", get_flag_options(t, "|"), "]");
+                } else {
+                    if (t->tag == BoolType || (t->tag == OptionalType && Match(t, OptionalType)->type->tag == BoolType))
+                        usage = CORD_all(usage, "[--", flag, "]");
+                    else if (t->tag == ArrayType)
+                        usage = CORD_all(usage, "[--", flag, " ", get_flag_options(t, "|"), "]");
+                    else
+                        usage = CORD_all(usage, "[--", flag, "=", get_flag_options(t, "|"), "]");
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (t->tag == BoolType)
+                    usage = CORD_all(usage, "<--", flag, "|--no-", flag, ">");
+                else if (t->tag == EnumType)
+                    usage = CORD_all(usage, get_flag_options(t, "|"));
+                else if (t->tag == ArrayType)
+                    usage = CORD_all(usage, "[", flag, "...]");
+                else
+                    usage = CORD_all(usage, "<", flag, ">");
+            }
+        }
+        code = CORD_all(code, "Text_t usage = Texts(Text(\"Usage: \"), Text$from_str(argv[0])",
+                        usage == CORD_EMPTY ? CORD_EMPTY : CORD_all(", Text(", CORD_quoted(usage), ")"), ");\n");
+    }
+
+
+    int num_args = 0;
+    for (arg_t *arg = fn_info->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        type_t *opt_type = arg->type->tag == OptionalType ? arg->type : Type(OptionalType, .type=arg->type);
+        code = CORD_all(code, compile_declaration(opt_type, CORD_all("_$", arg->name)));
+        if (arg->default_val) {
+            CORD default_val = compile(env, arg->default_val);
+            if (arg->type->tag != OptionalType)
+                default_val = promote_to_optional(arg->type, default_val);
+            code = CORD_all(code, " = ", default_val);
+        } else {
+            code = CORD_all(code, " = ", compile_none(arg->type));
+        }
+        code = CORD_all(code, ";\n");
+        num_args += 1;
+    }
+
+    code = CORD_all(code, "tomo_parse_args(argc, argv, ", usage_code, ", ", help_code);
+    for (arg_t *arg = fn_info->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        code = CORD_all(code, ",\n{", CORD_quoted(CORD_replace(arg->name, "_", "-")), ", ",
+                        (arg->default_val || arg->type->tag == OptionalType) ? "false" : "true", ", ",
+                        compile_type_info(arg->type),
+                        ", &", CORD_all("_$", arg->name), "}");
+    }
+    code = CORD_all(code, ");\n");
+
+    code = CORD_all(code, fn_name, "(");
+    for (arg_t *arg = fn_info->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        CORD arg_code = CORD_all("_$", arg->name);
+        if (arg->type->tag != OptionalType)
+            arg_code = optional_into_nonnone(arg->type, arg_code);
+
+        code = CORD_all(code, arg_code);
+        if (arg->next) code = CORD_all(code, ", ");
+    }
+    code = CORD_all(code, ");\n");
+    return code;
+}
+
+CORD compile_function(env_t *env, CORD name_code, ast_t *ast, CORD *staticdefs)
+{
+    bool is_private = false;
+    const char *function_name;
+    arg_ast_t *args;
+    type_t *ret_t;
+    ast_t *body;
+    ast_t *cache;
+    bool is_inline;
+    if (ast->tag == FunctionDef) {
+        auto fndef = Match(ast, FunctionDef);
+        function_name = Match(fndef->name, Var)->name;
+        is_private = function_name[0] == '_';
+        args = fndef->args;
+        ret_t = fndef->ret_type ? parse_type_ast(env, fndef->ret_type) : Type(VoidType);
+        body = fndef->body;
+        cache = fndef->cache;
+        is_inline = fndef->is_inline;
+    } else {
+        auto convertdef = Match(ast, ConvertDef);
+        args = convertdef->args;
+        ret_t = convertdef->ret_type ? parse_type_ast(env, convertdef->ret_type) : Type(VoidType);
+        function_name = get_type_name(ret_t);
+        if (!function_name)
+            code_err(ast, "Conversions are only supported for text, struct, and enum types, not %T", ret_t);
+        body = convertdef->body;
+        cache = convertdef->cache;
+        is_inline = convertdef->is_inline;
+    }
+
+    CORD arg_signature = "(";
+    Table_t used_names = {};
+    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
+        arg_signature = CORD_cat(arg_signature, compile_declaration(arg_type, CORD_cat("_$", arg->name)));
+        if (arg->next) arg_signature = CORD_cat(arg_signature, ", ");
+        if (Table$str_get(used_names, arg->name))
+            code_err(ast, "The argument name '%s' is used more than once", arg->name);
+        Table$str_set(&used_names, arg->name, arg->name);
+    }
+    arg_signature = CORD_cat(arg_signature, ")");
+
+    CORD ret_type_code = compile_type(ret_t);
+    if (ret_t->tag == AbortType)
+        ret_type_code = CORD_all("_Noreturn ", ret_type_code);
+
+    if (is_private)
+        *staticdefs = CORD_all(*staticdefs, "static ", ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature, ";\n");
+
+    CORD code;
+    if (cache) {
+        code = CORD_all("static ", ret_type_code, " ", name_code, "$uncached", arg_signature);
+    } else {
+        code = CORD_all(ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature);
+        if (is_inline)
+            code = CORD_cat("INLINE ", code);
+        if (!is_private)
+            code = CORD_cat("public ", code);
+    }
+
+    env_t *body_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+    while (body_scope->namespace && body_scope->namespace->parent) {
+        body_scope->locals->fallback = body_scope->locals->fallback->fallback;
+        body_scope->namespace = body_scope->namespace->parent;
+    }
+
+    body_scope->deferred = NULL;
+    body_scope->namespace = NULL;
+    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
+        set_binding(body_scope, arg->name, arg_type, CORD_cat("_$", arg->name));
+    }
+
+    body_scope->fn_ret = ret_t;
+
+    type_t *body_type = get_type(body_scope, body);
+    if (ret_t->tag == AbortType) {
+        if (body_type->tag != AbortType)
+            code_err(ast, "This function can reach the end without aborting!");
+    } else if (ret_t->tag == VoidType) {
+        if (body_type->tag == AbortType)
+            code_err(ast, "This function will always abort before it reaches the end, but it's declared as having a Void return. It should be declared as an Abort return instead.");
+    } else {
+        if (body_type->tag != ReturnType && body_type->tag != AbortType)
+            code_err(ast, "This function can reach the end without returning a %T value!", ret_t);
+    }
+
+    CORD body_code = CORD_all("{\n", compile_inline_block(body_scope, body), "}\n");
+    CORD definition = with_source_info(ast, CORD_all(code, " ", body_code, "\n"));
+
+    if (cache && args == NULL) { // no-args cache just uses a static var
+        CORD wrapper = CORD_all(
+            is_private ? CORD_EMPTY : "public ", ret_type_code, " ", name_code, "(void) {\n"
+            "static ", compile_declaration(ret_t, "cached_result"), ";\n",
+            "static bool initialized = false;\n",
+            "if (!initialized) {\n"
+            "\tcached_result = ", name_code, "$uncached();\n",
+            "\tinitialized = true;\n",
+            "}\n",
+            "return cached_result;\n"
+            "}\n");
+        definition = CORD_cat(definition, wrapper);
+    } else if (cache && cache->tag == Int) {
+        assert(args);
+        OptionalInt64_t cache_size = Int64$parse(Text$from_str(Match(cache, Int)->str));
+        CORD pop_code = CORD_EMPTY;
+        if (cache->tag == Int && !cache_size.is_none && cache_size.i > 0) {
+            pop_code = CORD_all("if (cache.entries.length > ", CORD_asprintf("%ld", cache_size.i),
+                                ") Table$remove(&cache, cache.entries.data + cache.entries.stride*RNG$int64(default_rng, 0, cache.entries.length-1), table_type);\n");
+        }
+
+        if (!args->next) {
+            // Single-argument functions have simplified caching logic
+            type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, args);
+            CORD wrapper = CORD_all(
+                is_private ? CORD_EMPTY : "public ", ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature, "{\n"
+                "static Table_t cache = {};\n",
+                "const TypeInfo_t *table_type = Table$info(", compile_type_info(arg_type), ", ", compile_type_info(ret_t), ");\n",
+                compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed=ret_t), "cached"), " = Table$get_raw(cache, &_$", args->name, ", table_type);\n"
+                "if (cached) return *cached;\n",
+                compile_declaration(ret_t, "ret"), " = ", name_code, "$uncached(_$", args->name, ");\n",
+                pop_code,
+                "Table$set(&cache, &_$", args->name, ", &ret, table_type);\n"
+                "return ret;\n"
+                "}\n");
+            definition = CORD_cat(definition, wrapper);
+        } else {
+            // Multi-argument functions use a custom struct type (only defined internally) as a cache key:
+            arg_t *fields = NULL;
+            for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+                fields = new(arg_t, .name=arg->name, .type=get_arg_ast_type(env, arg), .next=fields);
+            REVERSE_LIST(fields);
+            type_t *t = Type(StructType, .name=heap_strf("func$%ld$args", get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start)), .fields=fields, .env=env);
+
+            int64_t num_fields = used_names.entries.length;
+            const char *metamethods = is_packed_data(t) ? "PackedData$metamethods" : "Struct$metamethods";
+            CORD args_typeinfo = CORD_asprintf("((TypeInfo_t[1]){{.size=sizeof(args), .align=__alignof__(args), .metamethods=%s, "
+                                               ".tag=StructInfo, .StructInfo.name=\"FunctionArguments\", "
+                                               ".StructInfo.num_fields=%ld, .StructInfo.fields=(NamedType_t[%ld]){",
+                                               metamethods, num_fields, num_fields);
+            CORD args_type = "struct { ";
+            for (arg_t *f = fields; f; f = f->next) {
+                args_typeinfo = CORD_all(args_typeinfo, "{\"", f->name, "\", ", compile_type_info(f->type), "}");
+                args_type = CORD_all(args_type, compile_declaration(f->type, f->name), "; ");
+                if (f->next) args_typeinfo = CORD_all(args_typeinfo, ", ");
+            }
+            args_type = CORD_all(args_type, "}");
+            args_typeinfo = CORD_all(args_typeinfo, "}}})");
+
+            CORD all_args = CORD_EMPTY;
+            for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+                all_args = CORD_all(all_args, "_$", arg->name, arg->next ? ", " : CORD_EMPTY);
+
+            CORD wrapper = CORD_all(
+                is_private ? CORD_EMPTY : "public ", ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature, "{\n"
+                "static Table_t cache = {};\n",
+                args_type, " args = {", all_args, "};\n"
+                "const TypeInfo_t *table_type = Table$info(", args_typeinfo, ", ", compile_type_info(ret_t), ");\n",
+                compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed=ret_t), "cached"), " = Table$get_raw(cache, &args, table_type);\n"
+                "if (cached) return *cached;\n",
+                compile_declaration(ret_t, "ret"), " = ", name_code, "$uncached(", all_args, ");\n",
+                pop_code,
+                "Table$set(&cache, &args, &ret, table_type);\n"
+                "return ret;\n"
+                "}\n");
+            definition = CORD_cat(definition, wrapper);
+        }
+    }
+
+    CORD qualified_name = function_name;
+    if (env->namespace && env->namespace->parent && env->namespace->name)
+        qualified_name = CORD_all(env->namespace->name, ".", qualified_name);
+    CORD text = CORD_all("func ", qualified_name, "(");
+    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        text = CORD_cat(text, type_to_cord(get_arg_ast_type(env, arg)));
+        if (arg->next) text = CORD_cat(text, ", ");
+    }
+    if (ret_t && ret_t->tag != VoidType)
+        text = CORD_all(text, "->", type_to_cord(ret_t));
+    text = CORD_all(text, ")");
+
+    if (!is_inline) {
+        env->code->function_naming = CORD_all(
+            env->code->function_naming,
+            CORD_asprintf("register_function(%r, Text(\"%s.tm\"), %ld, Text(%r));\n",
+                          name_code, file_base_name(ast->file->filename), get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start), CORD_quoted(text)));
+    }
+    return definition;
+}
+
+CORD compile_top_level_code(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    if (!ast) return CORD_EMPTY;
+
+    switch (ast->tag) {
+    case Use: {
+        auto use = Match(ast, Use);
+        if (use->what == USE_C_CODE) {
+            Path_t path = Path$relative_to(Path$from_str(use->path), Path(".build"));
+            return CORD_all("#include \"", Path$as_c_string(path), "\"\n");
+        }
+        return CORD_EMPTY;
+    }
+    case Declare: {
+        auto decl = Match(ast, Declare);
+        const char *decl_name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
+        CORD full_name = CORD_all(namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), decl_name);
+        type_t *t = get_type(env, decl->value);
+        if (t->tag == AbortType || t->tag == VoidType || t->tag == ReturnType)
+            code_err(ast, "You can't declare a variable with a %T value", t);
+
+        CORD val_code = compile_maybe_incref(env, decl->value, t);
+        if (t->tag == FunctionType) {
+            assert(promote(env, decl->value, &val_code, t, Type(ClosureType, t)));
+            t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+        }
+
+        bool is_private = decl_name[0] == '_';
+        if (is_constant(env, decl->value)) {
+            set_binding(env, decl_name, t, full_name);
+            return CORD_all(
+                is_private ? "static " : CORD_EMPTY,
+                compile_declaration(t, full_name), " = ", val_code, ";\n");
+        } else {
+            CORD checked_access = CORD_all("check_initialized(", full_name, ", \"", decl_name, "\")");
+            set_binding(env, decl_name, t, checked_access);
+
+            return CORD_all(
+                "static bool ", full_name, "$initialized = false;\n",
+                is_private ? "static " : CORD_EMPTY,
+                compile_declaration(t, full_name), ";\n");
+        }
+    }
+    case FunctionDef: {
+        CORD name_code = CORD_all(namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), Match(Match(ast, FunctionDef)->name, Var)->name);
+        return compile_function(env, name_code, ast, &env->code->staticdefs);
+    }
+    case ConvertDef: {
+        type_t *type = get_function_def_type(env, ast);
+        const char *name = get_type_name(Match(type, FunctionType)->ret);
+        if (!name)
+            code_err(ast, "Conversions are only supported for text, struct, and enum types, not %T", Match(type, FunctionType)->ret);
+        CORD name_code = CORD_asprintf("%r%s$%ld", namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), name, get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start));
+        return compile_function(env, name_code, ast, &env->code->staticdefs);
+    }
+    case StructDef: {
+        auto def = Match(ast, StructDef);
+        type_t *t = Table$str_get(*env->types, def->name);
+        assert(t && t->tag == StructType);
+        CORD code = compile_struct_typeinfo(env, t, def->name, def->fields, def->secret, def->opaque);
+        env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, def->name);
+        return CORD_all(code, def->namespace ? compile_top_level_code(ns_env, def->namespace) : CORD_EMPTY);
+    }
+    case EnumDef: {
+        auto def = Match(ast, EnumDef);
+        CORD code = compile_enum_typeinfo(env, ast);
+        code = CORD_all(code, compile_enum_constructors(env, ast));
+        env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, def->name);
+        return CORD_all(code, def->namespace ? compile_top_level_code(ns_env, def->namespace) : CORD_EMPTY);
+    }
+    case LangDef: {
+        auto def = Match(ast, LangDef);
+        CORD code = CORD_asprintf("public const TypeInfo_t %r%s$$info = {%zu, %zu, .metamethods=Text$metamethods, .tag=TextInfo, .TextInfo={%r}};\n",
+                                  namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), def->name, sizeof(Text_t), __alignof__(Text_t),
+                                  CORD_quoted(def->name));
+        env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, def->name);
+        return CORD_all(code, def->namespace ? compile_top_level_code(ns_env, def->namespace) : CORD_EMPTY);
+    }
+    case Extern: return CORD_EMPTY;
+    case Block: {
+        CORD code = CORD_EMPTY;
+        for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(ast, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+            code = CORD_all(code, compile_top_level_code(env, stmt->ast));
+        }
+        return code;
+    }
+    default: return CORD_EMPTY;
+    }
+}
+
+static void initialize_vars_and_statics(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    if (!ast) return;
+
+    for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(ast, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+        if (stmt->ast->tag == InlineCCode) {
+            CORD code = compile_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+            env->code->staticdefs = CORD_all(env->code->staticdefs, code, "\n");
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == Declare) {
+            auto decl = Match(stmt->ast, Declare);
+            const char *decl_name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
+            CORD full_name = CORD_all(namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), decl_name);
+            type_t *t = get_type(env, decl->value);
+            if (t->tag == AbortType || t->tag == VoidType || t->tag == ReturnType)
+                code_err(stmt->ast, "You can't declare a variable with a %T value", t);
+
+            CORD val_code = compile_maybe_incref(env, decl->value, t);
+            if (t->tag == FunctionType) {
+                assert(promote(env, decl->value, &val_code, t, Type(ClosureType, t)));
+                t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+            }
+
+            if (!is_constant(env, decl->value)) {
+                env->code->variable_initializers = CORD_all(
+                    env->code->variable_initializers,
+                    with_source_info(
+                        stmt->ast,
+                        CORD_all(
+                            full_name, " = ", val_code, ",\n",
+                            full_name, "$initialized = true;\n")));
+            }
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == StructDef) {
+            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, StructDef)->name),
+                                        Match(stmt->ast, StructDef)->namespace);
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == EnumDef) {
+            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, EnumDef)->name),
+                                        Match(stmt->ast, EnumDef)->namespace);
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == LangDef) {
+            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, LangDef)->name),
+                                        Match(stmt->ast, LangDef)->namespace);
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == Use) {
+            continue;
+        } else {
+            CORD code = compile_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+            if (code) code_err(stmt->ast, "I did not expect this to generate code");
+            assert(!code);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+CORD compile_file(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    CORD top_level_code = compile_top_level_code(env, ast);
+    CORD use_imports = CORD_EMPTY;
+
+    // First prepare variable initializers to prevent unitialized access:
+    for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(ast, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+        if (stmt->ast->tag == Use)
+            use_imports = CORD_all(use_imports, compile_statement(env, stmt->ast));
+    }
+
+    initialize_vars_and_statics(env, ast);
+
+    const char *name = file_base_name(ast->file->filename);
+    return CORD_all(
+        "#line 1 ", CORD_quoted(ast->file->filename), "\n",
+        "#define __SOURCE_FILE__ ", CORD_quoted(ast->file->filename), "\n",
+        "#include <tomo/tomo.h>\n"
+        "#include \"", name, ".tm.h\"\n\n",
+        env->code->local_typedefs, "\n",
+        env->code->lambdas, "\n",
+        env->code->staticdefs, "\n",
+        top_level_code,
+        "public void _$", env->namespace->name, "$$initialize(void) {\n",
+        "static bool initialized = false;\n",
+        "if (initialized) return;\n",
+        "initialized = true;\n",
+        use_imports,
+        env->code->variable_initializers,
+        env->code->function_naming,
+        "}\n");
+}
+
+CORD compile_statement_type_header(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    switch (ast->tag) {
+    case Use: {
+        auto use = Match(ast, Use);
+        switch (use->what) {
+        case USE_MODULE: {
+            return CORD_all("#include <", use->path, "/", use->path, ".h>\n");
+        }
+        case USE_LOCAL: {
+            Path_t path = Path$relative_to(Path$from_str(use->path), Path(".build"));
+            Path_t build_dir = Path$with_component(Path$parent(path), Text(".build"));
+            path = Path$with_component(build_dir, Texts(Path$base_name(path), Text(".h")));
+            return CORD_all("#include \"", Path$as_c_string(path), "\"\n");
+        }
+        case USE_HEADER:
+            if (use->path[0] == '<')
+                return CORD_all("#include ", use->path, "\n");
+            else
+                return CORD_all("#include \"", use->path, "\"\n");
+        default:
+            return CORD_EMPTY;
+        }
+    }
+    case StructDef: {
+        return compile_struct_header(env, ast);
+    }
+    case EnumDef: {
+        return compile_enum_header(env, ast);
+    }
+    case LangDef: {
+        auto def = Match(ast, LangDef);
+        CORD full_name = CORD_cat(namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), def->name);
+        return CORD_all(
+            // Constructor macro:
+            "#define ", namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), def->name,
+                "(text) ((", namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), def->name, "$$type){.length=sizeof(text)-1, .tag=TEXT_ASCII, .ascii=\"\" text})\n"
+            "#define ", namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), def->name,
+                "s(...) ((", namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), def->name, "$$type)Texts(__VA_ARGS__))\n"
+            "extern const TypeInfo_t ", full_name, ";\n"
+        );
+    }
+    default:
+        return CORD_EMPTY;
+    }
+}
+
+CORD compile_statement_namespace_header(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    const char *ns_name = NULL;
+    ast_t *block = NULL;
+    switch (ast->tag) {
+    case LangDef: {
+        auto def = Match(ast, LangDef);
+        ns_name = def->name;
+        block = def->namespace;
+        break;
+    }
+    case StructDef: {
+        auto def = Match(ast, StructDef);
+        ns_name = def->name;
+        block = def->namespace;
+        break;
+    }
+    case EnumDef: {
+        auto def = Match(ast, EnumDef);
+        ns_name = def->name;
+        block = def->namespace;
+        break;
+    }
+    case Extern: {
+        auto ext = Match(ast, Extern);
+        type_t *t = parse_type_ast(env, ext->type);
+        CORD decl;
+        if (t->tag == ClosureType) {
+            t = Match(t, ClosureType)->fn;
+            auto fn = Match(t, FunctionType);
+            decl = CORD_all(compile_type(fn->ret), " ", ext->name, "(");
+            for (arg_t *arg = fn->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+                decl = CORD_all(decl, compile_type(arg->type));
+                if (arg->next) decl = CORD_cat(decl, ", ");
+            }
+            decl = CORD_cat(decl, ")");
+        } else {
+            decl = compile_declaration(t, ext->name);
+        }
+        return CORD_all("extern ", decl, ";\n");
+    }
+    case Declare: {
+        auto decl = Match(ast, Declare);
+        const char *decl_name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
+        bool is_private = (decl_name[0] == '_');
+        if (is_private)
+            return CORD_EMPTY;
+
+        type_t *t = get_type(env, decl->value);
+        if (t->tag == FunctionType)
+            t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+        assert(t->tag != ModuleType);
+        if (t->tag == AbortType || t->tag == VoidType || t->tag == ReturnType)
+            code_err(ast, "You can't declare a variable with a %T value", t);
+
+        return CORD_all(
+            compile_statement_type_header(env, decl->value),
+            "extern ", compile_declaration(t, CORD_cat(namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), decl_name)), ";\n");
+    }
+    case FunctionDef: {
+        auto fndef = Match(ast, FunctionDef);
+        const char *decl_name = Match(fndef->name, Var)->name;
+        bool is_private = decl_name[0] == '_';
+        if (is_private) return CORD_EMPTY;
+        CORD arg_signature = "(";
+        for (arg_ast_t *arg = fndef->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
+            arg_signature = CORD_cat(arg_signature, compile_declaration(arg_type, CORD_cat("_$", arg->name)));
+            if (arg->next) arg_signature = CORD_cat(arg_signature, ", ");
+        }
+        arg_signature = CORD_cat(arg_signature, ")");
+
+        type_t *ret_t = fndef->ret_type ? parse_type_ast(env, fndef->ret_type) : Type(VoidType);
+        CORD ret_type_code = compile_type(ret_t);
+        if (ret_t->tag == AbortType)
+            ret_type_code = CORD_all("_Noreturn ", ret_type_code);
+        CORD name = CORD_all(namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), decl_name);
+        if (env->namespace && env->namespace->parent && env->namespace->name && streq(decl_name, env->namespace->name))
+            name = CORD_asprintf("%r%ld", namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start));
+        return CORD_all(ret_type_code, " ", name, arg_signature, ";\n");
+    }
+    case ConvertDef: {
+        auto def = Match(ast, ConvertDef);
+
+        CORD arg_signature = "(";
+        for (arg_ast_t *arg = def->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
+            arg_signature = CORD_cat(arg_signature, compile_declaration(arg_type, CORD_cat("_$", arg->name)));
+            if (arg->next) arg_signature = CORD_cat(arg_signature, ", ");
+        }
+        arg_signature = CORD_cat(arg_signature, ")");
+
+        type_t *ret_t = def->ret_type ? parse_type_ast(env, def->ret_type) : Type(VoidType);
+        CORD ret_type_code = compile_type(ret_t);
+        CORD name = get_type_name(ret_t);
+        if (!name)
+            code_err(ast, "Conversions are only supported for text, struct, and enum types, not %T", ret_t);
+        name = CORD_all(namespace_prefix(env, env->namespace), name);
+        CORD name_code = CORD_asprintf("%r$%ld", name, get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start));
+        return CORD_all(ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature, ";\n");
+    }
+    default: return CORD_EMPTY;
+    }
+    env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, ns_name);
+    CORD header = CORD_EMPTY;
+    for (ast_list_t *stmt = block ? Match(block, Block)->statements : NULL; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+        header = CORD_all(header, compile_statement_namespace_header(ns_env, stmt->ast));
+    }
+    return header;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+    env_t *env;
+    CORD *header;
+} compile_typedef_info_t;
+
+static void _make_typedefs(compile_typedef_info_t *info, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    if (ast->tag == StructDef) {
+        auto def = Match(ast, StructDef);
+        if (def->external) return;
+        CORD full_name = CORD_cat(namespace_prefix(info->env, info->env->namespace), def->name);
+        *info->header = CORD_all(*info->header, "typedef struct ", full_name, "$$struct ", full_name, "$$type;\n");
+    } else if (ast->tag == EnumDef) {
+        auto def = Match(ast, EnumDef);
+        CORD full_name = CORD_cat(namespace_prefix(info->env, info->env->namespace), def->name);
+        *info->header = CORD_all(*info->header, "typedef struct ", full_name, "$$struct ", full_name, "$$type;\n");
+
+        for (tag_ast_t *tag = def->tags; tag; tag = tag->next) {
+            if (!tag->fields) continue;
+            *info->header = CORD_all(*info->header, "typedef struct ", full_name, "$", tag->name, "$$struct ", full_name, "$", tag->name, "$$type;\n");
+        }
+    } else if (ast->tag == LangDef) {
+        auto def = Match(ast, LangDef);
+        *info->header = CORD_all(*info->header, "typedef Text_t ", namespace_prefix(info->env, info->env->namespace), def->name, "$$type;\n");
+    }
+}
+
+static void _define_types_and_funcs(compile_typedef_info_t *info, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    *info->header = CORD_all(*info->header,
+                             compile_statement_type_header(info->env, ast),
+                             compile_statement_namespace_header(info->env, ast));
+}
+
+CORD compile_file_header(env_t *env, ast_t *ast)
+{
+    CORD header = CORD_all(
+        "#pragma once\n"
+        "#line 1 ", CORD_quoted(ast->file->filename), "\n",
+        "#include <tomo/tomo.h>\n");
+
+    compile_typedef_info_t info = {.env=env, .header=&header};
+    visit_topologically(Match(ast, Block)->statements, (Closure_t){.fn=(void*)_make_typedefs, &info});
+    visit_topologically(Match(ast, Block)->statements, (Closure_t){.fn=(void*)_define_types_and_funcs, &info});
+
+    header = CORD_all(header, "void _$", env->namespace->name, "$$initialize(void);\n");
+    return header;
+}
+
+// vim: ts=4 sw=0 et cino=L2,l1,(0,W4,m1,\:0
-- 
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