diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'examples/tutorial.nom')
| -rw-r--r-- | examples/tutorial.nom | 191 |
1 files changed, 122 insertions, 69 deletions
diff --git a/examples/tutorial.nom b/examples/tutorial.nom index 7106f94..5f0acb3 100644 --- a/examples/tutorial.nom +++ b/examples/tutorial.nom @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ run file "core.nom" 5 6,7,8 -# Dicts: +# Dictionaries (AKA hash maps): dict [["x", 99], ["y", 101]] dict [..] ["z", 222] @@ -34,22 +34,105 @@ dict [..] # Function calls: say "Hello world!" +# Variables use the % sign: +%str =: "Hello again" +say %str + +# There are +=:, -=:, *=:, /=:, ^=:, and=:, or=:, and mod=: operators for updating variables +%x =: 1 +%x +=: 100 +say %x + +# Conditionals look like this: +if (1 < 10): + say "1 is indeed < 10" + +if (1 > 10): + say "this won't print" +..else: + say "this will print" + +if (1 > 3): + say "this won't print" +..else: if (1 < 2): + say "this won't print" +..else: + say "this will print" + +# Loops look like this: +for %x in [1,2,3]: + say ".."|for loop over list #\%x\ + +# If you want to iterate over a numeric range, you can use some built in functions like this: +for %x in (1 through 3): + say ".."|for loop over number range #\%x\ + +# While loops: +%x =: 1 +repeat while (%x <= 3): + say ".."|repeat while loop #\%x\ + %x +=: 1 + +%x =: 1 +repeat until (%x > 3): + say ".."|repeat until loop #\%x\ + %x +=: 1 + +# Infinite loop: +%x =: 1 +repeat: + say ".."|repeat loop #\%x\ + %x +=: 1 + if (%x > 3): + break + +# GOTOs: +do: + %x =: 1 + -> %again + say ".."|go to loop #\%x\ + %x +=: 1 + if (%x <= 3): + go to %again + say "finished going to" + + # Function definition: -rule "say both %first and also %second": - # Variables use the "%" sign: +rule: + say both %first and also %second +..=: + # Function arguments are accessed just like variables say %first say %second -rule "get x from %dict": - #.. Functions can return values explicitly, but if not, the last line in the function - is the return value. - return (%dict's "x") +# The last line of a function is the return value +rule: + add %x and %y +..=: + %result =: %x + %y + %result + +# Functions can use "return" to return a value early +rule: + first fibonacci above %n +..=: + %f1 =: 0 + %f2 =: 1 + repeat: + %tmp =: %f1 + %f2 + %f1 =: %f2 + %f2 =: %tmp + if (%f2 > %n): + return: %f2 + +say (first fibonacci above 10) # Functions can have aliases, which may or may not have the arguments in different order -rule [..] - "I hate %worse-things more than %better-things", "I think %worse-things are worse than %better-things" - "I like %better-things more than %worse-things" -..: +rule: + I hate %worse-things more than %better-things + I think %worse-things are worse than %better-things + I like %better-things more than %worse-things +..=: say ".."|\%better-things capitalized\ rule and \%worse-things\ drool! I like "dogs" more than "cats" @@ -61,24 +144,33 @@ I think "chihuahuas" are worse than "corgis" say both "Hello" and also "again!" # Functions can even have their name at the end: -rule "%what-she-said is what she said": +rule: + %what-she-said is what she said +..=: say %what-she-said say "-- she said" + "Howdy pardner" is what she said #.. The language only reserves []{}().,:;% as special characters, so functions and variables can have really funky names! -rule ">> %foo-bar$$$^ --> %@@& _~-^-~_~-^ %1 !": +rule: + >> %foo-bar$$$^ --> %@@& _~-^-~_~-^ %1 ! +..=: say %foo-bar$$$^ say %@@& say %1 + >> "wow" --> "so flexible!" _~-^-~_~-^ "even numbers can be variables!" ! -# Though literals can't be used in function names # Math and logic operations are just treated the same as function calls in the syntax say (2 + 3) # So it's easy to define your own operators -rule "%a ++ %b": 2 * (%a + %b) +rule: + %a ++ %b +..=: + 2 * (%a + %b) + say (2 ++ 3) @@ -121,7 +213,7 @@ say both ".." ..and also.. "-- Abraham Lincoln" -rule "my favorite number": return 23 +rule: my favorite number ..=: 21 + 2 # Subexpressions are wrapped in parentheses: say (my favorite number) @@ -139,48 +231,10 @@ say ".." number ..\, but this time it uses an indented subexpression! -#.. There's a few macros in the language for things like conditional branches and logic/math - operations, but they can be thought of as basically the same as functions. - There are no keywords in the language! -if (1 < 10): - say "One is less than ten" -..else: - say "One is not less than ten" - -#.. Breakdown of the above: - Function call (actually a macro) to "if % % else %" - First argument is a subexpression that is a function call (also a macro) to "% < %" - that performs a comparison on its arguments, 1 and 10 - Second argument is a block of code that includes a function call to "say %", the "if" body - Third argument is a block of code that includes a different function call to "say %", the "else" body - -# Line continuations can be used for "elseif" -if (1 > 10): - say "First condition" -..else: if (1 > 5): - say "Second condition" -..else: - say "Last condition" - -# ^that's the same as: -if (1 > 10): - say "First condition" -..else: - if (1 > 5): - say "Second condition" - ..else: - say "Last condition" - -# Variables are modified with a macro, "let % = %" -let "numbers" = [5,6,7] - -# Looping: -say ".."|Looping over \%numbers\: -for "number" in %numbers: - say (%number + 100) - -rule "sing %starting-bottles bottles of beer": - for "n" in (%starting-bottles down through 0): +rule: + sing %starting-bottles bottles of beer +..=: + for %n in (%starting-bottles down through 0): say ".." |\%n if (%n > 0) else "No more"\ \"bottle" if (%n == 1) else "bottles"\ of beer on the wall. |\"" if (%n == 0) else " Take one down, pass it around..."\ @@ -206,7 +260,7 @@ any of [0,0,0,0,1,0,0] # Macros: # The "lua block %" and "lua expr %" macros can be used to write raw lua code: -rule "say the time": +rule: say the time ..=: lua block ".." |io.write("The OS time is: ") |io.write(tostring(os.time()).."\\n") @@ -215,24 +269,23 @@ say ".."|Math expression result is: \lua expr "(1 + 2*3 + 3*4)^2"\ #.. In the lua environment, "vars" can be used to get local variables/function args, and "compiler" can be used to access the compiler, function defs, and other things -rule "square root of %n": - return (lua expr "math.sqrt(vars.n)") +rule: square root of %n ..=: + lua expr "math.sqrt(vars.n)" say ".."|The square root of 2 is \square root of 2\ # Macros can be defined as functions that take unprocessed syntax trees and return lua code # "macro block %" is for defining macros that produce blocks of code, not values -macro block "unless %condition %body": - ".." - |if not (\%condition as lua expr\) then - | \(lua expr "vars.body.value.value") as lua block\ - |end +macro block: unless %condition %body ..=: ".." + |if not (\%condition as lua expr\) then + | \(lua expr "vars.body.value.value") as lua block\ + |end unless (1 > 10): say "Macros work!" say "It looks like a keyword, but there's no magic here!" # and "macro %" is for defining macros that produce an expression -macro "%value as a boolean": - ".."|(not not (\%value as lua expr\)) -macro "yep": "true" +macro: %value as a boolean ..=: ".." + |(not not (\%value as lua expr\)) +macro: yep ..=: "true" |