More splitting out into separate files.

24 files changed, 1920 insertions, 1795 deletions

diff --git a/src/compile.c b/src/compile.c
index 3f7585fd..6cecc10a 100644
--- a/src/compile.c
+++ b/src/compile.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "ast.h"
 #include "compile.h"
+#include "compile/assignments.h"
 #include "compile/enums.h"
 #include "compile/functions.h"
 #include "compile/integers.h"
@@ -15,9 +16,11 @@
 #include "compile/pointers.h"
 #include "compile/promotion.h"
 #include "compile/sets.h"
+#include "compile/statements.h"
 #include "compile/structs.h"
 #include "compile/tables.h"
 #include "compile/text.h"
+#include "compile/types.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "environment.h"
 #include "modules.h"
@@ -29,16 +32,10 @@
 #include "stdlib/util.h"
 #include "typecheck.h"
 
-typedef ast_t *(*comprehension_body_t)(ast_t *, ast_t *);
-
 static Text_t compile_unsigned_type(type_t *t);
-static Text_t compile_declared_value(env_t *env, ast_t *declaration_ast);
-
-static Text_t quoted_str(const char *str) { return Text$quoted(Text$from_str(str), false, Text("\"")); }
 
-static inline Text_t quoted_text(Text_t text) { return Text$quoted(text, false, Text("\"")); }
-
-static Text_t with_source_info(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, Text_t code) {
+public
+Text_t with_source_info(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, Text_t code) {
     if (code.length == 0 || !ast || !ast->file || !env->do_source_mapping) return code;
     int64_t line = get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start);
     return Texts("\n#line ", String(line), "\n", code);
@@ -54,94 +51,6 @@ Text_t compile_maybe_incref(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *t) {
     return compile_to_type(env, ast, t);
 }
 
-Text_t compile_declaration(type_t *t, Text_t name) {
-    if (t->tag == FunctionType) {
-        DeclareMatch(fn, t, FunctionType);
-        Text_t code = Texts(compile_type(fn->ret), " (*", name, ")(");
-        for (arg_t *arg = fn->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
-            code = Texts(code, compile_type(arg->type));
-            if (arg->next) code = Texts(code, ", ");
-        }
-        if (!fn->args) code = Texts(code, "void");
-        return Texts(code, ")");
-    } else if (t->tag != ModuleType) {
-        return Texts(compile_type(t), " ", name);
-    } else {
-        return EMPTY_TEXT;
-    }
-}
-
-static Text_t compile_update_assignment(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
-    if (!is_update_assignment(ast)) code_err(ast, "This is not an update assignment");
-
-    binary_operands_t update = UPDATE_OPERANDS(ast);
-
-    type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update.lhs);
-
-    bool needs_idemotency_fix = !is_idempotent(update.lhs);
-    Text_t lhs = needs_idemotency_fix ? Text("(*lhs)") : compile_lvalue(env, update.lhs);
-
-    Text_t update_assignment = EMPTY_TEXT;
-    switch (ast->tag) {
-    case PlusUpdate: {
-        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
-            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " += ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        break;
-    }
-    case MinusUpdate: {
-        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
-            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " -= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        break;
-    }
-    case MultiplyUpdate: {
-        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
-            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " *= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        break;
-    }
-    case DivideUpdate: {
-        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
-            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " /= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        break;
-    }
-    case LeftShiftUpdate: {
-        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
-            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " <<= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        break;
-    }
-    case RightShiftUpdate: {
-        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
-            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " >>= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        break;
-    }
-    case AndUpdate: {
-        if (lhs_t->tag == BoolType)
-            update_assignment =
-                Texts("if (", lhs, ") ", lhs, " = ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, Type(BoolType)), ";");
-        break;
-    }
-    case OrUpdate: {
-        if (lhs_t->tag == BoolType)
-            update_assignment =
-                Texts("if (!", lhs, ") ", lhs, " = ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, Type(BoolType)), ";");
-        break;
-    }
-    default: break;
-    }
-
-    if (update_assignment.length == 0) {
-        ast_t *binop = new (ast_t);
-        *binop = *ast;
-        binop->tag = binop_tag(binop->tag);
-        if (needs_idemotency_fix) binop->__data.Plus.lhs = LiteralCode(Text("*lhs"), .type = lhs_t);
-        update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " = ", compile_to_type(env, binop, lhs_t), ";");
-    }
-
-    if (needs_idemotency_fix)
-        return Texts("{ ", compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed = lhs_t), Text("lhs")), " = &",
-                     compile_lvalue(env, update.lhs), "; ", update_assignment, "; }");
-    else return update_assignment;
-}
-
 static Text_t compile_binary_op(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
     binary_operands_t binop = BINARY_OPERANDS(ast);
     type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, binop.lhs);
@@ -387,1229 +296,6 @@ PUREFUNC Text_t compile_unsigned_type(type_t *t) {
     return EMPTY_TEXT;
 }
 
-Text_t compile_type(type_t *t) {
-    if (t == PATH_TYPE) return Text("Path_t");
-    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return Text("PathType_t");
-
-    switch (t->tag) {
-    case ReturnType: errx(1, "Shouldn't be compiling ReturnType to a type");
-    case AbortType: return Text("void");
-    case VoidType: return Text("void");
-    case MemoryType: return Text("void");
-    case BoolType: return Text("Bool_t");
-    case ByteType: return Text("Byte_t");
-    case CStringType: return Text("const char*");
-    case BigIntType: return Text("Int_t");
-    case IntType: return Texts("Int", String(Match(t, IntType)->bits), "_t");
-    case NumType:
-        return Match(t, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64 ? Text("Num_t")
-                                                       : Texts("Num", String(Match(t, NumType)->bits), "_t");
-    case TextType: {
-        DeclareMatch(text, t, TextType);
-        if (!text->lang || streq(text->lang, "Text")) return Text("Text_t");
-        else return namespace_name(text->env, text->env->namespace, Text("$type"));
-    }
-    case ListType: return Text("List_t");
-    case SetType: return Text("Table_t");
-    case TableType: return Text("Table_t");
-    case FunctionType: {
-        DeclareMatch(fn, t, FunctionType);
-        Text_t code = Texts(compile_type(fn->ret), " (*)(");
-        for (arg_t *arg = fn->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
-            code = Texts(code, compile_type(arg->type));
-            if (arg->next) code = Texts(code, ", ");
-        }
-        if (!fn->args) code = Texts(code, "void");
-        return Texts(code, ")");
-    }
-    case ClosureType: return Text("Closure_t");
-    case PointerType: return Texts(compile_type(Match(t, PointerType)->pointed), "*");
-    case StructType: {
-        DeclareMatch(s, t, StructType);
-        if (s->external) return Text$from_str(s->name);
-        return Texts("struct ", namespace_name(s->env, s->env->namespace, Text("$struct")));
-    }
-    case EnumType: {
-        DeclareMatch(e, t, EnumType);
-        return namespace_name(e->env, e->env->namespace, Text("$type"));
-    }
-    case OptionalType: {
-        type_t *nonnull = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
-        switch (nonnull->tag) {
-        case CStringType:
-        case FunctionType:
-        case ClosureType:
-        case PointerType:
-        case EnumType: return compile_type(nonnull);
-        case TextType: return Match(nonnull, TextType)->lang ? compile_type(nonnull) : Text("OptionalText_t");
-        case IntType:
-        case BigIntType:
-        case NumType:
-        case BoolType:
-        case ByteType:
-        case ListType:
-        case TableType:
-        case SetType: return Texts("Optional", compile_type(nonnull));
-        case StructType: {
-            if (nonnull == PATH_TYPE) return Text("OptionalPath_t");
-            if (nonnull == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return Text("OptionalPathType_t");
-            DeclareMatch(s, nonnull, StructType);
-            return namespace_name(s->env, s->env->namespace->parent, Texts("$Optional", s->name, "$$type"));
-        }
-        default: compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "Optional types are not supported for: ", type_to_str(t));
-        }
-    }
-    case TypeInfoType: return Text("TypeInfo_t");
-    default: compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "Compiling type is not implemented for type with tag ", t->tag);
-    }
-    return EMPTY_TEXT;
-}
-
-Text_t compile_lvalue(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
-    if (!can_be_mutated(env, ast)) {
-        if (ast->tag == Index) {
-            ast_t *subject = Match(ast, Index)->indexed;
-            code_err(subject, "This is an immutable value, you can't mutate "
-                              "its contents");
-        } else if (ast->tag == FieldAccess) {
-            ast_t *subject = Match(ast, FieldAccess)->fielded;
-            type_t *t = get_type(env, subject);
-            code_err(subject, "This is an immutable ", type_to_str(t), " value, you can't assign to its fields");
-        } else {
-            code_err(ast, "This is a value of type ", type_to_str(get_type(env, ast)),
-                     " and can't be used as an assignment target");
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (ast->tag == Index) {
-        DeclareMatch(index, ast, Index);
-        type_t *container_t = get_type(env, index->indexed);
-        if (container_t->tag == OptionalType)
-            code_err(index->indexed, "This value might be none, so it can't be "
-                                     "safely used as an assignment target");
-
-        if (!index->index && container_t->tag == PointerType) return compile(env, ast);
-
-        container_t = value_type(container_t);
-        type_t *index_t = get_type(env, index->index);
-        if (container_t->tag == ListType) {
-            Text_t target_code = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, index->indexed, 1, false);
-            type_t *item_type = Match(container_t, ListType)->item_type;
-            Text_t index_code =
-                index->index->tag == Int
-                    ? compile_int_to_type(env, index->index, Type(IntType, .bits = TYPE_IBITS64))
-                    : (index_t->tag == BigIntType ? Texts("Int64$from_int(", compile(env, index->index), ", no)")
-                                                  : Texts("(Int64_t)(", compile(env, index->index), ")"));
-            if (index->unchecked) {
-                return Texts("List_lvalue_unchecked(", compile_type(item_type), ", ", target_code, ", ", index_code,
-                             ")");
-            } else {
-                return Texts("List_lvalue(", compile_type(item_type), ", ", target_code, ", ", index_code, ", ",
-                             String((int)(ast->start - ast->file->text)), ", ",
-                             String((int)(ast->end - ast->file->text)), ")");
-            }
-        } else if (container_t->tag == TableType) {
-            DeclareMatch(table_type, container_t, TableType);
-            if (table_type->default_value) {
-                type_t *value_type = get_type(env, table_type->default_value);
-                return Texts("*Table$get_or_setdefault(", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, index->indexed, 1, false), ", ",
-                             compile_type(table_type->key_type), ", ", compile_type(value_type), ", ",
-                             compile_to_type(env, index->index, table_type->key_type), ", ",
-                             compile_to_type(env, table_type->default_value, table_type->value_type), ", ",
-                             compile_type_info(container_t), ")");
-            }
-            if (index->unchecked) code_err(ast, "Table indexes cannot be unchecked");
-            return Texts("*(", compile_type(Type(PointerType, table_type->value_type)), ")Table$reserve(",
-                         compile_to_pointer_depth(env, index->indexed, 1, false), ", ",
-                         compile_to_type(env, index->index, Type(PointerType, table_type->key_type, .is_stack = true)),
-                         ", NULL,", compile_type_info(container_t), ")");
-        } else {
-            code_err(ast, "I don't know how to assign to this target");
-        }
-    } else if (ast->tag == Var || ast->tag == FieldAccess || ast->tag == InlineCCode) {
-        return compile(env, ast);
-    } else {
-        code_err(ast, "I don't know how to assign to this");
-    }
-    return EMPTY_TEXT;
-}
-
-static Text_t compile_assignment(env_t *env, ast_t *target, Text_t value) {
-    return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, target), " = ", value);
-}
-
-static Text_t compile_inline_block(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
-    if (ast->tag != Block) return compile_statement(env, ast);
-
-    Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-    ast_list_t *stmts = Match(ast, Block)->statements;
-    deferral_t *prev_deferred = env->deferred;
-    env = fresh_scope(env);
-    for (ast_list_t *stmt = stmts; stmt; stmt = stmt->next)
-        prebind_statement(env, stmt->ast);
-    for (ast_list_t *stmt = stmts; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
-        code = Texts(code, compile_statement(env, stmt->ast), "\n");
-        bind_statement(env, stmt->ast);
-    }
-    for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != prev_deferred; deferred = deferred->next) {
-        code = Texts(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
-    }
-    return code;
-}
-
-Text_t check_none(type_t *t, Text_t value) {
-    t = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
-    // NOTE: these use statement expressions ({...;}) because some compilers
-    // complain about excessive parens around equality comparisons
-    if (t->tag == PointerType || t->tag == FunctionType || t->tag == CStringType)
-        return Texts("({", value, " == NULL;})");
-    else if (t == PATH_TYPE) return Texts("({(", value, ").type.$tag == PATH_NONE;})");
-    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return Texts("({(", value, ").$tag == PATH_NONE;})");
-    else if (t->tag == BigIntType) return Texts("({(", value, ").small == 0;})");
-    else if (t->tag == ClosureType) return Texts("({(", value, ").fn == NULL;})");
-    else if (t->tag == NumType)
-        return Texts(Match(t, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64 ? "Num$isnan(" : "Num32$isnan(", value, ")");
-    else if (t->tag == ListType) return Texts("({(", value, ").length < 0;})");
-    else if (t->tag == TableType || t->tag == SetType) return Texts("({(", value, ").entries.length < 0;})");
-    else if (t->tag == BoolType) return Texts("({(", value, ") == NONE_BOOL;})");
-    else if (t->tag == TextType) return Texts("({(", value, ").length < 0;})");
-    else if (t->tag == IntType || t->tag == ByteType || t->tag == StructType) return Texts("(", value, ").is_none");
-    else if (t->tag == EnumType) {
-        if (enum_has_fields(t)) return Texts("({(", value, ").$tag == 0;})");
-        else return Texts("((", value, ") == 0)");
-    }
-    print_err("Optional check not implemented for: ", type_to_str(t));
-    return EMPTY_TEXT;
-}
-
-static Text_t compile_condition(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
-    type_t *t = get_type(env, ast);
-    if (t->tag == BoolType) {
-        return compile(env, ast);
-    } else if (t->tag == TextType) {
-        return Texts("(", compile(env, ast), ").length");
-    } else if (t->tag == ListType) {
-        return Texts("(", compile(env, ast), ").length");
-    } else if (t->tag == TableType || t->tag == SetType) {
-        return Texts("(", compile(env, ast), ").entries.length");
-    } else if (t->tag == OptionalType) {
-        return Texts("!", check_none(t, compile(env, ast)));
-    } else if (t->tag == PointerType) {
-        code_err(ast, "This pointer will always be non-none, so it should not be "
-                      "used in a conditional.");
-    } else {
-        code_err(ast, type_to_str(t), " values cannot be used for conditionals");
-    }
-    return EMPTY_TEXT;
-}
-
-static Text_t _compile_statement(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
-    switch (ast->tag) {
-    case When: {
-        // Typecheck to verify exhaustiveness:
-        type_t *result_t = get_type(env, ast);
-        (void)result_t;
-
-        DeclareMatch(when, ast, When);
-        type_t *subject_t = get_type(env, when->subject);
-
-        if (subject_t->tag != EnumType) {
-            Text_t prefix = EMPTY_TEXT, suffix = EMPTY_TEXT;
-            ast_t *subject = when->subject;
-            if (!is_idempotent(when->subject)) {
-                prefix = Texts("{\n", compile_declaration(subject_t, Text("_when_subject")), " = ",
-                               compile(env, subject), ";\n");
-                suffix = Text("}\n");
-                subject = LiteralCode(Text("_when_subject"), .type = subject_t);
-            }
-
-            Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-            for (when_clause_t *clause = when->clauses; clause; clause = clause->next) {
-                ast_t *comparison = WrapAST(clause->pattern, Equals, .lhs = subject, .rhs = clause->pattern);
-                (void)get_type(env, comparison);
-                if (code.length > 0) code = Texts(code, "else ");
-                code = Texts(code, "if (", compile(env, comparison), ")", compile_statement(env, clause->body));
-            }
-            if (when->else_body) code = Texts(code, "else ", compile_statement(env, when->else_body));
-            code = Texts(prefix, code, suffix);
-            return code;
-        }
-
-        DeclareMatch(enum_t, subject_t, EnumType);
-
-        Text_t code;
-        if (enum_has_fields(subject_t))
-            code = Texts("WHEN(", compile_type(subject_t), ", ", compile(env, when->subject), ", _when_subject, {\n");
-        else code = Texts("switch(", compile(env, when->subject), ") {\n");
-
-        for (when_clause_t *clause = when->clauses; clause; clause = clause->next) {
-            if (clause->pattern->tag == Var) {
-                const char *clause_tag_name = Match(clause->pattern, Var)->name;
-                type_t *clause_type = clause->body ? get_type(env, clause->body) : Type(VoidType);
-                code = Texts(
-                    code, "case ", namespace_name(enum_t->env, enum_t->env->namespace, Texts("tag$", clause_tag_name)),
-                    ": {\n", compile_inline_block(env, clause->body),
-                    (clause_type->tag == ReturnType || clause_type->tag == AbortType) ? EMPTY_TEXT : Text("break;\n"),
-                    "}\n");
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (clause->pattern->tag != FunctionCall || Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->fn->tag != Var)
-                code_err(clause->pattern, "This is not a valid pattern for a ", type_to_str(subject_t), " enum type");
-
-            const char *clause_tag_name = Match(Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->fn, Var)->name;
-            code = Texts(code, "case ",
-                         namespace_name(enum_t->env, enum_t->env->namespace, Texts("tag$", clause_tag_name)), ": {\n");
-            type_t *tag_type = NULL;
-            for (tag_t *tag = enum_t->tags; tag; tag = tag->next) {
-                if (streq(tag->name, clause_tag_name)) {
-                    tag_type = tag->type;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            assert(tag_type);
-            env_t *scope = env;
-
-            DeclareMatch(tag_struct, tag_type, StructType);
-            arg_ast_t *args = Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->args;
-            if (args && !args->next && tag_struct->fields && tag_struct->fields->next) {
-                if (args->value->tag != Var) code_err(args->value, "This is not a valid variable to bind to");
-                const char *var_name = Match(args->value, Var)->name;
-                if (!streq(var_name, "_")) {
-                    Text_t var = Texts("_$", var_name);
-                    code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(tag_type, var), " = _when_subject.",
-                                 valid_c_name(clause_tag_name), ";\n");
-                    scope = fresh_scope(scope);
-                    set_binding(scope, Match(args->value, Var)->name, tag_type, EMPTY_TEXT);
-                }
-            } else if (args) {
-                scope = fresh_scope(scope);
-                arg_t *field = tag_struct->fields;
-                for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg || field; arg = arg->next) {
-                    if (!arg)
-                        code_err(ast, "The field ", type_to_str(subject_t), ".", clause_tag_name, ".", field->name,
-                                 " wasn't accounted for");
-                    if (!field) code_err(arg->value, "This is one more field than ", type_to_str(subject_t), " has");
-                    if (arg->name) code_err(arg->value, "Named arguments are not currently supported");
-
-                    const char *var_name = Match(arg->value, Var)->name;
-                    if (!streq(var_name, "_")) {
-                        Text_t var = Texts("_$", var_name);
-                        code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(field->type, var), " = _when_subject.",
-                                     valid_c_name(clause_tag_name), ".", valid_c_name(field->name), ";\n");
-                        set_binding(scope, Match(arg->value, Var)->name, field->type, var);
-                    }
-                    field = field->next;
-                }
-            }
-            if (clause->body->tag == Block) {
-                ast_list_t *statements = Match(clause->body, Block)->statements;
-                if (!statements || (statements->ast->tag == Pass && !statements->next))
-                    code = Texts(code, "break;\n}\n");
-                else code = Texts(code, compile_inline_block(scope, clause->body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
-            } else {
-                code = Texts(code, compile_statement(scope, clause->body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
-            }
-        }
-        if (when->else_body) {
-            if (when->else_body->tag == Block) {
-                ast_list_t *statements = Match(when->else_body, Block)->statements;
-                if (!statements || (statements->ast->tag == Pass && !statements->next))
-                    code = Texts(code, "default: break;");
-                else code = Texts(code, "default: {\n", compile_inline_block(env, when->else_body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
-            } else {
-                code = Texts(code, "default: {\n", compile_statement(env, when->else_body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
-            }
-        } else {
-            code = Texts(code, "default: errx(1, \"Invalid tag!\");\n");
-        }
-        code = Texts(code, "\n}", enum_has_fields(subject_t) ? Text(")") : EMPTY_TEXT, "\n");
-        return code;
-    }
-    case DocTest: {
-        DeclareMatch(test, ast, DocTest);
-        type_t *expr_t = get_type(env, test->expr);
-        if (!expr_t) code_err(test->expr, "I couldn't figure out the type of this expression");
-
-        Text_t setup = EMPTY_TEXT;
-        Text_t test_code;
-        if (test->expr->tag == Declare) {
-            DeclareMatch(decl, test->expr, Declare);
-            type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
-            if (t->tag == FunctionType) t = Type(ClosureType, t);
-            Text_t var = Texts("_$", Match(decl->var, Var)->name);
-            Text_t val_code = compile_declared_value(env, test->expr);
-            setup = Texts(compile_declaration(t, var), ";\n");
-            test_code = Texts("(", var, " = ", val_code, ")");
-            expr_t = t;
-        } else if (test->expr->tag == Assign) {
-            DeclareMatch(assign, test->expr, Assign);
-            if (!assign->targets->next && assign->targets->ast->tag == Var && is_idempotent(assign->targets->ast)) {
-                // Common case: assigning to one variable:
-                type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, assign->targets->ast);
-                if (assign->targets->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
-                    && value_type(get_type(env, Match(assign->targets->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
-                    lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
-                if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
-                    code_err(test->expr, "Stack references cannot be assigned "
-                                         "to variables because the "
-                                         "variable's scope may outlive the "
-                                         "scope of the stack memory.");
-                env_t *val_scope = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
-                Text_t value = compile_to_type(val_scope, assign->values->ast, lhs_t);
-                test_code = Texts("(", compile_assignment(env, assign->targets->ast, value), ")");
-                expr_t = lhs_t;
-            } else {
-                // Multi-assign or assignment to potentially non-idempotent
-                // targets
-                if (test->expected && assign->targets->next)
-                    code_err(ast, "Sorry, but doctesting with '=' is not "
-                                  "supported for "
-                                  "multi-assignments");
-
-                test_code = Text("({ // Assignment\n");
-
-                int64_t i = 1;
-                for (ast_list_t *target = assign->targets, *value = assign->values; target && value;
-                     target = target->next, value = value->next) {
-                    type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, target->ast);
-                    if (target->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
-                        && value_type(get_type(env, Match(target->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
-                        lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
-                    if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
-                        code_err(ast, "Stack references cannot be assigned to "
-                                      "variables because the "
-                                      "variable's scope may outlive the scope "
-                                      "of the stack memory.");
-                    if (target == assign->targets) expr_t = lhs_t;
-                    env_t *val_scope = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
-                    Text_t val_code = compile_to_type(val_scope, value->ast, lhs_t);
-                    test_code = Texts(test_code, compile_type(lhs_t), " $", String(i), " = ", val_code, ";\n");
-                    i += 1;
-                }
-                i = 1;
-                for (ast_list_t *target = assign->targets; target; target = target->next) {
-                    test_code = Texts(test_code, compile_assignment(env, target->ast, Texts("$", String(i))), ";\n");
-                    i += 1;
-                }
-
-                test_code = Texts(test_code, "$1; })");
-            }
-        } else if (is_update_assignment(test->expr)) {
-            binary_operands_t update = UPDATE_OPERANDS(test->expr);
-            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update.lhs);
-            if (update.lhs->tag == Index) {
-                type_t *indexed = value_type(get_type(env, Match(update.lhs, Index)->indexed));
-                if (indexed->tag == TableType && Match(indexed, TableType)->default_value == NULL)
-                    code_err(update.lhs, "Update assignments are not currently "
-                                         "supported for tables");
-            }
-
-            ast_t *update_var = new (ast_t);
-            *update_var = *test->expr;
-            update_var->__data.PlusUpdate.lhs = LiteralCode(Text("(*expr)"), .type = lhs_t); // UNSAFE
-            test_code =
-                Texts("({", compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, lhs_t), Text("expr")), " = &(",
-                      compile_lvalue(env, update.lhs), "); ", compile_statement(env, update_var), "; *expr; })");
-            expr_t = lhs_t;
-        } else if (expr_t->tag == VoidType || expr_t->tag == AbortType || expr_t->tag == ReturnType) {
-            test_code = Texts("({", compile_statement(env, test->expr), " NULL;})");
-        } else {
-            test_code = compile(env, test->expr);
-        }
-        if (test->expected) {
-            return Texts(setup, "test(", compile_type(expr_t), ", ", test_code, ", ",
-                         compile_to_type(env, test->expected, expr_t), ", ", compile_type_info(expr_t), ", ",
-                         String((int64_t)(test->expr->start - test->expr->file->text)), ", ",
-                         String((int64_t)(test->expr->end - test->expr->file->text)), ");");
-        } else {
-            if (expr_t->tag == VoidType || expr_t->tag == AbortType) {
-                return Texts(setup, "inspect_void(", test_code, ", ", compile_type_info(expr_t), ", ",
-                             String((int64_t)(test->expr->start - test->expr->file->text)), ", ",
-                             String((int64_t)(test->expr->end - test->expr->file->text)), ");");
-            }
-            return Texts(setup, "inspect(", compile_type(expr_t), ", ", test_code, ", ", compile_type_info(expr_t),
-                         ", ", String((int64_t)(test->expr->start - test->expr->file->text)), ", ",
-                         String((int64_t)(test->expr->end - test->expr->file->text)), ");");
-        }
-    }
-    case Assert: {
-        ast_t *expr = Match(ast, Assert)->expr;
-        ast_t *message = Match(ast, Assert)->message;
-        const char *failure = NULL;
-        switch (expr->tag) {
-        case And: {
-            DeclareMatch(and_, ast, And);
-            return Texts(compile_statement(env, WrapAST(ast, Assert, .expr = and_->lhs, .message = message)),
-                         compile_statement(env, WrapAST(ast, Assert, .expr = and_->rhs, .message = message)));
-        }
-        case Equals: failure = "!="; goto assert_comparison;
-        case NotEquals: failure = "=="; goto assert_comparison;
-        case LessThan: failure = ">="; goto assert_comparison;
-        case LessThanOrEquals: failure = ">"; goto assert_comparison;
-        case GreaterThan: failure = "<="; goto assert_comparison;
-        case GreaterThanOrEquals:
-            failure = "<";
-            goto assert_comparison;
-            {
-            assert_comparison:;
-                binary_operands_t cmp = BINARY_OPERANDS(expr);
-                type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, cmp.lhs);
-                type_t *rhs_t = get_type(env, cmp.rhs);
-                type_t *operand_t;
-                if (cmp.lhs->tag == Int && is_numeric_type(rhs_t)) {
-                    operand_t = rhs_t;
-                } else if (cmp.rhs->tag == Int && is_numeric_type(lhs_t)) {
-                    operand_t = lhs_t;
-                } else if (can_compile_to_type(env, cmp.rhs, lhs_t)) {
-                    operand_t = lhs_t;
-                } else if (can_compile_to_type(env, cmp.lhs, rhs_t)) {
-                    operand_t = rhs_t;
-                } else {
-                    code_err(ast, "I can't do comparisons between ", type_to_str(lhs_t), " and ", type_to_str(rhs_t));
-                }
-
-                ast_t *lhs_var =
-                    FakeAST(InlineCCode, .chunks = new (ast_list_t, .ast = FakeAST(TextLiteral, Text("_lhs"))),
-                            .type = operand_t);
-                ast_t *rhs_var =
-                    FakeAST(InlineCCode, .chunks = new (ast_list_t, .ast = FakeAST(TextLiteral, Text("_rhs"))),
-                            .type = operand_t);
-                ast_t *var_comparison = new (ast_t, .file = expr->file, .start = expr->start, .end = expr->end,
-                                             .tag = expr->tag, .__data.Equals = {.lhs = lhs_var, .rhs = rhs_var});
-                int64_t line = get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start);
-                return Texts("{ // assertion\n", compile_declaration(operand_t, Text("_lhs")), " = ",
-                             compile_to_type(env, cmp.lhs, operand_t), ";\n", "\n#line ", String(line), "\n",
-                             compile_declaration(operand_t, Text("_rhs")), " = ",
-                             compile_to_type(env, cmp.rhs, operand_t), ";\n", "\n#line ", String(line), "\n", "if (!(",
-                             compile_condition(env, var_comparison), "))\n", "#line ", String(line), "\n",
-                             Texts("fail_source(", quoted_str(ast->file->filename), ", ",
-                                   String((int64_t)(expr->start - expr->file->text)), ", ",
-                                   String((int64_t)(expr->end - expr->file->text)), ", ",
-                                   message
-                                       ? Texts("Text$as_c_string(", compile_to_type(env, message, Type(TextType)), ")")
-                                       : Text("\"This assertion failed!\""),
-                                   ", ", "\" (\", ", expr_as_text(Text("_lhs"), operand_t, Text("no")),
-                                   ", "
-                                   "\" ",
-                                   failure, " \", ", expr_as_text(Text("_rhs"), operand_t, Text("no")), ", \")\");\n"),
-                             "}\n");
-            }
-        default: {
-            int64_t line = get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start);
-            return Texts("if (!(", compile_condition(env, expr), "))\n", "#line ", String(line), "\n", "fail_source(",
-                         quoted_str(ast->file->filename), ", ", String((int64_t)(expr->start - expr->file->text)), ", ",
-                         String((int64_t)(expr->end - expr->file->text)), ", ",
-                         message ? Texts("Text$as_c_string(", compile_to_type(env, message, Type(TextType)), ")")
-                                 : Text("\"This assertion failed!\""),
-                         ");\n");
-        }
-        }
-    }
-    case Declare: {
-        DeclareMatch(decl, ast, Declare);
-        const char *name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
-        if (streq(name, "_")) { // Explicit discard
-            if (decl->value) return Texts("(void)", compile(env, decl->value), ";");
-            else return EMPTY_TEXT;
-        } else {
-            type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
-            if (t->tag == FunctionType) t = Type(ClosureType, t);
-            if (t->tag == AbortType || t->tag == VoidType || t->tag == ReturnType)
-                code_err(ast, "You can't declare a variable with a ", type_to_str(t), " value");
-
-            Text_t val_code = compile_declared_value(env, ast);
-            return Texts(compile_declaration(t, Texts("_$", name)), " = ", val_code, ";");
-        }
-    }
-    case Assign: {
-        DeclareMatch(assign, ast, Assign);
-        // Single assignment, no temp vars needed:
-        if (assign->targets && !assign->targets->next) {
-            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, assign->targets->ast);
-            if (assign->targets->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
-                && value_type(get_type(env, Match(assign->targets->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
-                lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
-            if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
-                code_err(ast, "Stack references cannot be assigned to "
-                              "variables because the "
-                              "variable's scope may outlive the scope of the "
-                              "stack memory.");
-            env_t *val_env = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
-            Text_t val = compile_to_type(val_env, assign->values->ast, lhs_t);
-            return Texts(compile_assignment(env, assign->targets->ast, val), ";\n");
-        }
-
-        Text_t code = Text("{ // Assignment\n");
-        int64_t i = 1;
-        for (ast_list_t *value = assign->values, *target = assign->targets; value && target;
-             value = value->next, target = target->next) {
-            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, target->ast);
-            if (target->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
-                && value_type(get_type(env, Match(target->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
-                lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
-            if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
-                code_err(ast, "Stack references cannot be assigned to "
-                              "variables because the "
-                              "variable's scope may outlive the scope of the "
-                              "stack memory.");
-            env_t *val_env = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
-            Text_t val = compile_to_type(val_env, value->ast, lhs_t);
-            code = Texts(code, compile_type(lhs_t), " $", String(i), " = ", val, ";\n");
-            i += 1;
-        }
-        i = 1;
-        for (ast_list_t *target = assign->targets; target; target = target->next) {
-            code = Texts(code, compile_assignment(env, target->ast, Texts("$", String(i))), ";\n");
-            i += 1;
-        }
-        return Texts(code, "\n}");
-    }
-    case PlusUpdate: {
-        DeclareMatch(update, ast, PlusUpdate);
-        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
-        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
-            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " += ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
-    }
-    case MinusUpdate: {
-        DeclareMatch(update, ast, MinusUpdate);
-        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
-        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
-            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " -= ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
-    }
-    case MultiplyUpdate: {
-        DeclareMatch(update, ast, MultiplyUpdate);
-        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
-        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
-            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " *= ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
-    }
-    case DivideUpdate: {
-        DeclareMatch(update, ast, DivideUpdate);
-        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
-        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
-            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " /= ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
-    }
-    case ModUpdate: {
-        DeclareMatch(update, ast, ModUpdate);
-        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
-        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
-            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " %= ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
-        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
-    }
-    case PowerUpdate:
-    case Mod1Update:
-    case ConcatUpdate:
-    case LeftShiftUpdate:
-    case UnsignedLeftShiftUpdate:
-    case RightShiftUpdate:
-    case UnsignedRightShiftUpdate:
-    case AndUpdate:
-    case OrUpdate:
-    case XorUpdate: {
-        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
-    }
-    case StructDef:
-    case EnumDef:
-    case LangDef:
-    case Extend:
-    case FunctionDef:
-    case ConvertDef: {
-        return EMPTY_TEXT;
-    }
-    case Skip: {
-        const char *target = Match(ast, Skip)->target;
-        for (loop_ctx_t *ctx = env->loop_ctx; ctx; ctx = ctx->next) {
-            bool matched = !target || strcmp(target, ctx->loop_name) == 0;
-            for (ast_list_t *var = ctx->loop_vars; var && !matched; var = var ? var->next : NULL)
-                matched = (strcmp(target, Match(var->ast, Var)->name) == 0);
-
-            if (matched) {
-                if (ctx->skip_label.length == 0) {
-                    static int64_t skip_label_count = 1;
-                    ctx->skip_label = Texts("skip_", String(skip_label_count));
-                    ++skip_label_count;
-                }
-                Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-                for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != ctx->deferred;
-                     deferred = deferred->next)
-                    code = Texts(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
-                if (code.length > 0) return Texts("{\n", code, "goto ", ctx->skip_label, ";\n}\n");
-                else return Texts("goto ", ctx->skip_label, ";");
-            }
-        }
-        if (env->loop_ctx) code_err(ast, "This is not inside any loop");
-        else if (target) code_err(ast, "No loop target named '", target, "' was found");
-        else return Text("continue;");
-    }
-    case Stop: {
-        const char *target = Match(ast, Stop)->target;
-        for (loop_ctx_t *ctx = env->loop_ctx; ctx; ctx = ctx->next) {
-            bool matched = !target || strcmp(target, ctx->loop_name) == 0;
-            for (ast_list_t *var = ctx->loop_vars; var && !matched; var = var ? var->next : var)
-                matched = (strcmp(target, Match(var->ast, Var)->name) == 0);
-
-            if (matched) {
-                if (ctx->stop_label.length == 0) {
-                    static int64_t stop_label_count = 1;
-                    ctx->stop_label = Texts("stop_", String(stop_label_count));
-                    ++stop_label_count;
-                }
-                Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-                for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != ctx->deferred;
-                     deferred = deferred->next)
-                    code = Texts(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
-                if (code.length > 0) return Texts("{\n", code, "goto ", ctx->stop_label, ";\n}\n");
-                else return Texts("goto ", ctx->stop_label, ";");
-            }
-        }
-        if (env->loop_ctx) code_err(ast, "This is not inside any loop");
-        else if (target) code_err(ast, "No loop target named '", target, "' was found");
-        else return Text("break;");
-    }
-    case Pass: return Text(";");
-    case Defer: {
-        ast_t *body = Match(ast, Defer)->body;
-        Table_t closed_vars = get_closed_vars(env, NULL, body);
-
-        static int defer_id = 0;
-        env_t *defer_env = fresh_scope(env);
-        Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-        for (int64_t i = 0; i < closed_vars.entries.length; i++) {
-            struct {
-                const char *name;
-                binding_t *b;
-            } *entry = closed_vars.entries.data + closed_vars.entries.stride * i;
-            if (entry->b->type->tag == ModuleType) continue;
-            if (Text$starts_with(entry->b->code, Text("userdata->"), NULL)) {
-                Table$str_set(defer_env->locals, entry->name, entry->b);
-            } else {
-                Text_t defer_name = Texts("defer$", String(++defer_id), "$", entry->name);
-                defer_id += 1;
-                code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(entry->b->type, defer_name), " = ", entry->b->code, ";\n");
-                set_binding(defer_env, entry->name, entry->b->type, defer_name);
-            }
-        }
-        env->deferred = new (deferral_t, .defer_env = defer_env, .block = body, .next = env->deferred);
-        return code;
-    }
-    case Return: {
-        if (!env->fn_ret) code_err(ast, "This return statement is not inside any function");
-        ast_t *ret = Match(ast, Return)->value;
-
-        Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-        for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred; deferred = deferred->next) {
-            code = Texts(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
-        }
-
-        if (ret) {
-            if (env->fn_ret->tag == VoidType || env->fn_ret->tag == AbortType)
-                code_err(ast, "This function is not supposed to return any values, "
-                              "according to its type signature");
-
-            env = with_enum_scope(env, env->fn_ret);
-            Text_t value = compile_to_type(env, ret, env->fn_ret);
-            if (env->deferred) {
-                code = Texts(compile_declaration(env->fn_ret, Text("ret")), " = ", value, ";\n", code);
-                value = Text("ret");
-            }
-
-            return Texts(code, "return ", value, ";");
-        } else {
-            if (env->fn_ret->tag != VoidType)
-                code_err(ast, "This function expects you to return a ", type_to_str(env->fn_ret), " value");
-            return Texts(code, "return;");
-        }
-    }
-    case While: {
-        DeclareMatch(while_, ast, While);
-        env_t *scope = fresh_scope(env);
-        loop_ctx_t loop_ctx = (loop_ctx_t){
-            .loop_name = "while",
-            .deferred = scope->deferred,
-            .next = env->loop_ctx,
-        };
-        scope->loop_ctx = &loop_ctx;
-        Text_t body = compile_statement(scope, while_->body);
-        if (loop_ctx.skip_label.length > 0) body = Texts(body, "\n", loop_ctx.skip_label, ": continue;");
-        Text_t loop = Texts("while (", while_->condition ? compile(scope, while_->condition) : Text("yes"), ") {\n\t",
-                            body, "\n}");
-        if (loop_ctx.stop_label.length > 0) loop = Texts(loop, "\n", loop_ctx.stop_label, ":;");
-        return loop;
-    }
-    case Repeat: {
-        ast_t *body = Match(ast, Repeat)->body;
-        env_t *scope = fresh_scope(env);
-        loop_ctx_t loop_ctx = (loop_ctx_t){
-            .loop_name = "repeat",
-            .deferred = scope->deferred,
-            .next = env->loop_ctx,
-        };
-        scope->loop_ctx = &loop_ctx;
-        Text_t body_code = compile_statement(scope, body);
-        if (loop_ctx.skip_label.length > 0) body_code = Texts(body_code, "\n", loop_ctx.skip_label, ": continue;");
-        Text_t loop = Texts("for (;;) {\n\t", body_code, "\n}");
-        if (loop_ctx.stop_label.length > 0) loop = Texts(loop, "\n", loop_ctx.stop_label, ":;");
-        return loop;
-    }
-    case For: {
-        DeclareMatch(for_, ast, For);
-
-        // If we're iterating over a comprehension, that's actually just doing
-        // one loop, we don't need to compile the comprehension as a list
-        // comprehension. This is a common case for reducers like `(+: i*2 for i
-        // in 5)` or `(and) x.is_good() for x in xs`
-        if (for_->iter->tag == Comprehension) {
-            DeclareMatch(comp, for_->iter, Comprehension);
-            ast_t *body = for_->body;
-            if (for_->vars) {
-                if (for_->vars->next) code_err(for_->vars->next->ast, "This is too many variables for iteration");
-
-                body = WrapAST(
-                    ast, Block,
-                    .statements = new (
-                        ast_list_t, .ast = WrapAST(ast, Declare, .var = for_->vars->ast, .value = comp->expr),
-                        .next = body->tag == Block ? Match(body, Block)->statements : new (ast_list_t, .ast = body)));
-            }
-
-            if (comp->filter) body = WrapAST(for_->body, If, .condition = comp->filter, .body = body);
-            ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars = comp->vars, .iter = comp->iter, .body = body);
-            return compile_statement(env, loop);
-        }
-
-        env_t *body_scope = for_scope(env, ast);
-        loop_ctx_t loop_ctx = (loop_ctx_t){
-            .loop_name = "for",
-            .loop_vars = for_->vars,
-            .deferred = body_scope->deferred,
-            .next = body_scope->loop_ctx,
-        };
-        body_scope->loop_ctx = &loop_ctx;
-        // Naked means no enclosing braces:
-        Text_t naked_body = compile_inline_block(body_scope, for_->body);
-        if (loop_ctx.skip_label.length > 0) naked_body = Texts(naked_body, "\n", loop_ctx.skip_label, ": continue;");
-        Text_t stop = loop_ctx.stop_label.length > 0 ? Texts("\n", loop_ctx.stop_label, ":;") : EMPTY_TEXT;
-
-        // Special case for improving performance for numeric iteration:
-        if (for_->iter->tag == MethodCall && streq(Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->name, "to")
-            && is_int_type(get_type(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self))) {
-            // TODO: support other integer types
-            arg_ast_t *args = Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->args;
-            if (!args) code_err(for_->iter, "to() needs at least one argument");
-
-            type_t *int_type = get_type(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self);
-            type_t *step_type = int_type->tag == ByteType ? Type(IntType, .bits = TYPE_IBITS8) : int_type;
-
-            Text_t last = EMPTY_TEXT, step = EMPTY_TEXT, optional_step = EMPTY_TEXT;
-            if (!args->name || streq(args->name, "last")) {
-                last = compile_to_type(env, args->value, int_type);
-                if (args->next) {
-                    if (args->next->name && !streq(args->next->name, "step"))
-                        code_err(args->next->value, "Invalid argument name: ", args->next->name);
-                    if (get_type(env, args->next->value)->tag == OptionalType)
-                        optional_step = compile_to_type(env, args->next->value, Type(OptionalType, step_type));
-                    else step = compile_to_type(env, args->next->value, step_type);
-                }
-            } else if (streq(args->name, "step")) {
-                if (get_type(env, args->value)->tag == OptionalType)
-                    optional_step = compile_to_type(env, args->value, Type(OptionalType, step_type));
-                else step = compile_to_type(env, args->value, step_type);
-                if (args->next) {
-                    if (args->next->name && !streq(args->next->name, "last"))
-                        code_err(args->next->value, "Invalid argument name: ", args->next->name);
-                    last = compile_to_type(env, args->next->value, int_type);
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (last.length == 0) code_err(for_->iter, "No `last` argument was given");
-
-            Text_t type_code = compile_type(int_type);
-            Text_t value = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : Text("i");
-            if (int_type->tag == BigIntType) {
-                if (optional_step.length > 0)
-                    step = Texts("({ OptionalInt_t maybe_step = ", optional_step,
-                                 "; maybe_step->small == 0 ? "
-                                 "(Int$compare_value(last, first) >= 0 "
-                                 "? I_small(1) : I_small(-1)) : (Int_t)maybe_step; "
-                                 "})");
-                else if (step.length == 0)
-                    step = Text("Int$compare_value(last, first) >= 0 ? "
-                                "I_small(1) : I_small(-1)");
-                return Texts("for (", type_code, " first = ", compile(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self), ", ",
-                             value, " = first, last = ", last, ", step = ", step,
-                             "; "
-                             "Int$compare_value(",
-                             value, ", last) != Int$compare_value(step, I_small(0)); ", value, " = Int$plus(", value,
-                             ", step)) {\n"
-                             "\t",
-                             naked_body, "}", stop);
-            } else {
-                if (optional_step.length > 0)
-                    step = Texts("({ ", compile_type(Type(OptionalType, step_type)), " maybe_step = ", optional_step,
-                                 "; "
-                                 "maybe_step.is_none ? (",
-                                 type_code, ")(last >= first ? 1 : -1) : maybe_step.value; })");
-                else if (step.length == 0) step = Texts("(", type_code, ")(last >= first ? 1 : -1)");
-                return Texts("for (", type_code, " first = ", compile(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self), ", ",
-                             value, " = first, last = ", last, ", step = ", step,
-                             "; "
-                             "step > 0 ? ",
-                             value, " <= last : ", value, " >= last; ", value,
-                             " += step) {\n"
-                             "\t",
-                             naked_body, "}", stop);
-            }
-        } else if (for_->iter->tag == MethodCall && streq(Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->name, "onward")
-                   && get_type(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self)->tag == BigIntType) {
-            // Special case for Int.onward()
-            arg_ast_t *args = Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->args;
-            arg_t *arg_spec =
-                new (arg_t, .name = "step", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Int, .str = "1"), .next = NULL);
-            Text_t step = compile_arguments(env, for_->iter, arg_spec, args);
-            Text_t value = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : Text("i");
-            return Texts("for (Int_t ", value, " = ", compile(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self), ", ",
-                         "step = ", step, "; ; ", value, " = Int$plus(", value,
-                         ", step)) {\n"
-                         "\t",
-                         naked_body, "}", stop);
-        }
-
-        type_t *iter_t = get_type(env, for_->iter);
-        type_t *iter_value_t = value_type(iter_t);
-
-        switch (iter_value_t->tag) {
-        case ListType: {
-            type_t *item_t = Match(iter_value_t, ListType)->item_type;
-            Text_t index = EMPTY_TEXT;
-            Text_t value = EMPTY_TEXT;
-            if (for_->vars) {
-                if (for_->vars->next) {
-                    if (for_->vars->next->next)
-                        code_err(for_->vars->next->next->ast, "This is too many variables for this loop");
-
-                    index = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
-                    value = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->next->ast);
-                } else {
-                    value = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
-                }
-            }
-
-            Text_t loop = EMPTY_TEXT;
-            loop = Texts(loop, "for (int64_t i = 1; i <= iterating.length; ++i)");
-
-            if (index.length > 0) naked_body = Texts("Int_t ", index, " = I(i);\n", naked_body);
-
-            if (value.length > 0) {
-                loop = Texts(loop, "{\n", compile_declaration(item_t, value), " = *(", compile_type(item_t),
-                             "*)(iterating.data + (i-1)*iterating.stride);\n", naked_body, "\n}");
-            } else {
-                loop = Texts(loop, "{\n", naked_body, "\n}");
-            }
-
-            if (for_->empty)
-                loop = Texts("if (iterating.length > 0) {\n", loop, "\n} else ", compile_statement(env, for_->empty));
-
-            if (iter_t->tag == PointerType) {
-                loop = Texts("{\n"
-                             "List_t *ptr = ",
-                             compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 1, false),
-                             ";\n"
-                             "\nLIST_INCREF(*ptr);\n"
-                             "List_t iterating = *ptr;\n",
-                             loop, stop,
-                             "\nLIST_DECREF(*ptr);\n"
-                             "}\n");
-
-            } else {
-                loop = Texts("{\n"
-                             "List_t iterating = ",
-                             compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false), ";\n", loop, stop, "}\n");
-            }
-            return loop;
-        }
-        case SetType:
-        case TableType: {
-            Text_t loop = Text("for (int64_t i = 0; i < iterating.length; ++i) {\n");
-            if (for_->vars) {
-                if (iter_value_t->tag == SetType) {
-                    if (for_->vars->next) code_err(for_->vars->next->ast, "This is too many variables for this loop");
-                    Text_t item = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
-                    type_t *item_type = Match(iter_value_t, SetType)->item_type;
-                    loop = Texts(loop, compile_declaration(item_type, item), " = *(", compile_type(item_type), "*)(",
-                                 "iterating.data + i*iterating.stride);\n");
-                } else {
-                    Text_t key = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
-                    type_t *key_t = Match(iter_value_t, TableType)->key_type;
-                    loop = Texts(loop, compile_declaration(key_t, key), " = *(", compile_type(key_t), "*)(",
-                                 "iterating.data + i*iterating.stride);\n");
-
-                    if (for_->vars->next) {
-                        if (for_->vars->next->next)
-                            code_err(for_->vars->next->next->ast, "This is too many variables for this loop");
-
-                        type_t *value_t = Match(iter_value_t, TableType)->value_type;
-                        Text_t value = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->next->ast);
-                        Text_t value_offset = Texts("offsetof(struct { ", compile_declaration(key_t, Text("k")), "; ",
-                                                    compile_declaration(value_t, Text("v")), "; }, v)");
-                        loop = Texts(loop, compile_declaration(value_t, value), " = *(", compile_type(value_t), "*)(",
-                                     "iterating.data + i*iterating.stride + ", value_offset, ");\n");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            loop = Texts(loop, naked_body, "\n}");
-
-            if (for_->empty) {
-                loop = Texts("if (iterating.length > 0) {\n", loop, "\n} else ", compile_statement(env, for_->empty));
-            }
-
-            if (iter_t->tag == PointerType) {
-                loop = Texts("{\n", "Table_t *t = ", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 1, false),
-                             ";\n"
-                             "LIST_INCREF(t->entries);\n"
-                             "List_t iterating = t->entries;\n",
-                             loop,
-                             "LIST_DECREF(t->entries);\n"
-                             "}\n");
-            } else {
-                loop = Texts("{\n", "List_t iterating = (", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false),
-                             ").entries;\n", loop, "}\n");
-            }
-            return loop;
-        }
-        case BigIntType: {
-            Text_t n;
-            if (for_->iter->tag == Int) {
-                const char *str = Match(for_->iter, Int)->str;
-                Int_t int_val = Int$from_str(str);
-                if (int_val.small == 0) code_err(for_->iter, "Failed to parse this integer");
-                mpz_t i;
-                mpz_init_set_int(i, int_val);
-                if (mpz_cmpabs_ui(i, BIGGEST_SMALL_INT) <= 0) n = Text$from_str(mpz_get_str(NULL, 10, i));
-                else goto big_n;
-
-                if (for_->empty && mpz_cmp_si(i, 0) <= 0) {
-                    return compile_statement(env, for_->empty);
-                } else {
-                    return Texts("for (int64_t i = 1; i <= ", n, "; ++i) {\n",
-                                 for_->vars
-                                     ? Texts("\tInt_t ", compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast), " = I_small(i);\n")
-                                     : EMPTY_TEXT,
-                                 "\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n");
-                }
-            }
-
-        big_n:
-            n = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false);
-            Text_t i = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : Text("i");
-            Text_t n_var = for_->vars ? Texts("max", i) : Text("n");
-            if (for_->empty) {
-                return Texts("{\n"
-                             "Int_t ",
-                             n_var, " = ", n,
-                             ";\n"
-                             "if (Int$compare_value(",
-                             n_var,
-                             ", I(0)) > 0) {\n"
-                             "for (Int_t ",
-                             i, " = I(1); Int$compare_value(", i, ", ", n_var, ") <= 0; ", i, " = Int$plus(", i,
-                             ", I(1))) {\n", "\t", naked_body,
-                             "}\n"
-                             "} else ",
-                             compile_statement(env, for_->empty), stop,
-                             "\n"
-                             "}\n");
-            } else {
-                return Texts("for (Int_t ", i, " = I(1), ", n_var, " = ", n, "; Int$compare_value(", i, ", ", n_var,
-                             ") <= 0; ", i, " = Int$plus(", i, ", I(1))) {\n", "\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n");
-            }
-        }
-        case FunctionType:
-        case ClosureType: {
-            // Iterator function:
-            Text_t code = Text("{\n");
-
-            Text_t next_fn;
-            if (is_idempotent(for_->iter)) {
-                next_fn = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false);
-            } else {
-                code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(iter_value_t, Text("next")), " = ",
-                             compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false), ";\n");
-                next_fn = Text("next");
-            }
-
-            __typeof(iter_value_t->__data.FunctionType) *fn =
-                iter_value_t->tag == ClosureType ? Match(Match(iter_value_t, ClosureType)->fn, FunctionType)
-                                                 : Match(iter_value_t, FunctionType);
-
-            Text_t get_next;
-            if (iter_value_t->tag == ClosureType) {
-                type_t *fn_t = Match(iter_value_t, ClosureType)->fn;
-                arg_t *closure_fn_args = NULL;
-                for (arg_t *arg = Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->args; arg; arg = arg->next)
-                    closure_fn_args = new (arg_t, .name = arg->name, .type = arg->type, .default_val = arg->default_val,
-                                           .next = closure_fn_args);
-                closure_fn_args = new (arg_t, .name = "userdata",
-                                       .type = Type(PointerType, .pointed = Type(MemoryType)), .next = closure_fn_args);
-                REVERSE_LIST(closure_fn_args);
-                Text_t fn_type_code =
-                    compile_type(Type(FunctionType, .args = closure_fn_args, .ret = Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->ret));
-                get_next = Texts("((", fn_type_code, ")", next_fn, ".fn)(", next_fn, ".userdata)");
-            } else {
-                get_next = Texts(next_fn, "()");
-            }
-
-            if (fn->ret->tag == OptionalType) {
-                // Use an optional variable `cur` for each iteration step, which
-                // will be checked for none
-                code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(fn->ret, Text("cur")), ";\n");
-                get_next = Texts("(cur=", get_next, ", !", check_none(fn->ret, Text("cur")), ")");
-                if (for_->vars) {
-                    naked_body = Texts(compile_declaration(Match(fn->ret, OptionalType)->type,
-                                                           Texts("_$", Match(for_->vars->ast, Var)->name)),
-                                       " = ", optional_into_nonnone(fn->ret, Text("cur")), ";\n", naked_body);
-                }
-                if (for_->empty) {
-                    code = Texts(code, "if (", get_next,
-                                 ") {\n"
-                                 "\tdo{\n\t\t",
-                                 naked_body, "\t} while(", get_next,
-                                 ");\n"
-                                 "} else {\n\t",
-                                 compile_statement(env, for_->empty), "}", stop, "\n}\n");
-                } else {
-                    code = Texts(code, "while(", get_next, ") {\n\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n}\n");
-                }
-            } else {
-                if (for_->vars) {
-                    naked_body = Texts(compile_declaration(fn->ret, Texts("_$", Match(for_->vars->ast, Var)->name)),
-                                       " = ", get_next, ";\n", naked_body);
-                } else {
-                    naked_body = Texts(get_next, ";\n", naked_body);
-                }
-                if (for_->empty)
-                    code_err(for_->empty, "This iteration loop will always have values, "
-                                          "so this block will never run");
-                code = Texts(code, "for (;;) {\n\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n}\n");
-            }
-
-            return code;
-        }
-        default: code_err(for_->iter, "Iteration is not implemented for type: ", type_to_str(iter_t));
-        }
-    }
-    case If: {
-        DeclareMatch(if_, ast, If);
-        ast_t *condition = if_->condition;
-        if (condition->tag == Declare) {
-            if (Match(condition, Declare)->value == NULL) code_err(condition, "This declaration must have a value");
-            env_t *truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
-            Text_t code = Texts("IF_DECLARE(", compile_statement(truthy_scope, condition), ", ");
-            bind_statement(truthy_scope, condition);
-            ast_t *var = Match(condition, Declare)->var;
-            code = Texts(code, compile_condition(truthy_scope, var), ", ");
-            type_t *cond_t = get_type(truthy_scope, var);
-            if (cond_t->tag == OptionalType) {
-                set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(var, Var)->name, Match(cond_t, OptionalType)->type,
-                            optional_into_nonnone(cond_t, compile(truthy_scope, var)));
-            }
-            code = Texts(code, compile_statement(truthy_scope, if_->body), ")");
-            if (if_->else_body) code = Texts(code, "\nelse ", compile_statement(env, if_->else_body));
-            return code;
-        } else {
-            Text_t code = Texts("if (", compile_condition(env, condition), ")");
-            env_t *truthy_scope = env;
-            type_t *cond_t = get_type(env, condition);
-            if (condition->tag == Var && cond_t->tag == OptionalType) {
-                truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
-                set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(condition, Var)->name, Match(cond_t, OptionalType)->type,
-                            optional_into_nonnone(cond_t, compile(truthy_scope, condition)));
-            }
-            code = Texts(code, compile_statement(truthy_scope, if_->body));
-            if (if_->else_body) code = Texts(code, "\nelse ", compile_statement(env, if_->else_body));
-            return code;
-        }
-    }
-    case Block: {
-        return Texts("{\n", compile_inline_block(env, ast), "}\n");
-    }
-    case Comprehension: {
-        if (!env->comprehension_action) code_err(ast, "I don't know what to do with this comprehension!");
-        DeclareMatch(comp, ast, Comprehension);
-        if (comp->expr->tag == Comprehension) { // Nested comprehension
-            ast_t *body = comp->filter ? WrapAST(ast, If, .condition = comp->filter, .body = comp->expr) : comp->expr;
-            ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars = comp->vars, .iter = comp->iter, .body = body);
-            return compile_statement(env, loop);
-        }
-
-        // List/Set/Table comprehension:
-        comprehension_body_t get_body = (void *)env->comprehension_action->fn;
-        ast_t *body = get_body(comp->expr, env->comprehension_action->userdata);
-        if (comp->filter) body = WrapAST(comp->expr, If, .condition = comp->filter, .body = body);
-        ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars = comp->vars, .iter = comp->iter, .body = body);
-        return compile_statement(env, loop);
-    }
-    case Extern: return EMPTY_TEXT;
-    case InlineCCode: {
-        DeclareMatch(inline_code, ast, InlineCCode);
-        Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-        for (ast_list_t *chunk = inline_code->chunks; chunk; chunk = chunk->next) {
-            if (chunk->ast->tag == TextLiteral) {
-                code = Texts(code, Match(chunk->ast, TextLiteral)->text);
-            } else {
-                code = Texts(code, compile(env, chunk->ast));
-            }
-        }
-        return code;
-    }
-    case Use: {
-        DeclareMatch(use, ast, Use);
-        if (use->what == USE_LOCAL) {
-            Path_t path = Path$from_str(Match(ast, Use)->path);
-            Path_t in_file = Path$from_str(ast->file->filename);
-            path = Path$resolved(path, Path$parent(in_file));
-            Text_t suffix = get_id_suffix(Path$as_c_string(path));
-            return with_source_info(env, ast, Texts("$initialize", suffix, "();\n"));
-        } else if (use->what == USE_MODULE) {
-            module_info_t mod = get_module_info(ast);
-            glob_t tm_files;
-            const char *folder = mod.version ? String(mod.name, "_", mod.version) : mod.name;
-            if (glob(String(TOMO_PREFIX "/share/tomo_" TOMO_VERSION "/installed/", folder, "/[!._0-9]*.tm"), GLOB_TILDE,
-                     NULL, &tm_files)
-                != 0) {
-                if (!try_install_module(mod)) code_err(ast, "Could not find library");
-            }
-
-            Text_t initialization = EMPTY_TEXT;
-
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < tm_files.gl_pathc; i++) {
-                const char *filename = tm_files.gl_pathv[i];
-                initialization = Texts(
-                    initialization, with_source_info(env, ast, Texts("$initialize", get_id_suffix(filename), "();\n")));
-            }
-            globfree(&tm_files);
-            return initialization;
-        } else {
-            return EMPTY_TEXT;
-        }
-    }
-    default:
-        // print("Is discardable: ", ast_to_sexp_str(ast), " ==> ",
-        // is_discardable(env, ast));
-        if (!is_discardable(env, ast))
-            code_err(ast, "The ", type_to_str(get_type(env, ast)), " result of this statement cannot be discarded");
-        return Texts("(void)", compile(env, ast), ";");
-    }
-}
-
-Text_t compile_statement(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
-    Text_t stmt = _compile_statement(env, ast);
-    return with_source_info(env, ast, stmt);
-}
-
 public
 Text_t compile_empty(type_t *t) {
     if (t == NULL) compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "I can't compile a value with no type");
@@ -1654,29 +340,6 @@ Text_t compile_empty(type_t *t) {
     return EMPTY_TEXT;
 }
 
-static Text_t compile_declared_value(env_t *env, ast_t *declare_ast) {
-    DeclareMatch(decl, declare_ast, Declare);
-    type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
-
-    if (t->tag == AbortType || t->tag == VoidType || t->tag == ReturnType)
-        code_err(declare_ast, "You can't declare a variable with a ", type_to_str(t), " value");
-
-    if (decl->value) {
-        Text_t val_code = compile_maybe_incref(env, decl->value, t);
-        if (t->tag == FunctionType) {
-            assert(promote(env, decl->value, &val_code, t, Type(ClosureType, t)));
-            t = Type(ClosureType, t);
-        }
-        return val_code;
-    } else {
-        Text_t val_code = compile_empty(t);
-        if (val_code.length == 0)
-            code_err(declare_ast, "This type (", type_to_str(t),
-                     ") cannot be uninitialized. You must provide a value.");
-        return val_code;
-    }
-}
-
 Text_t compile(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
     switch (ast->tag) {
     case None: {
@@ -2422,69 +1085,6 @@ Text_t compile(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
     return EMPTY_TEXT;
 }
 
-Text_t compile_type_info(type_t *t) {
-    if (t == NULL) compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "Attempt to compile a NULL type");
-    if (t == PATH_TYPE) return Text("&Path$info");
-    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return Text("&PathType$info");
-
-    switch (t->tag) {
-    case BoolType:
-    case ByteType:
-    case IntType:
-    case BigIntType:
-    case NumType:
-    case CStringType: return Texts("&", type_to_text(t), "$info");
-    case TextType: {
-        DeclareMatch(text, t, TextType);
-        if (!text->lang || streq(text->lang, "Text")) return Text("&Text$info");
-        return Texts("(&", namespace_name(text->env, text->env->namespace, Text("$info")), ")");
-    }
-    case StructType: {
-        DeclareMatch(s, t, StructType);
-        return Texts("(&", namespace_name(s->env, s->env->namespace, Text("$info")), ")");
-    }
-    case EnumType: {
-        DeclareMatch(e, t, EnumType);
-        return Texts("(&", namespace_name(e->env, e->env->namespace, Text("$info")), ")");
-    }
-    case ListType: {
-        type_t *item_t = Match(t, ListType)->item_type;
-        return Texts("List$info(", compile_type_info(item_t), ")");
-    }
-    case SetType: {
-        type_t *item_type = Match(t, SetType)->item_type;
-        return Texts("Set$info(", compile_type_info(item_type), ")");
-    }
-    case TableType: {
-        DeclareMatch(table, t, TableType);
-        type_t *key_type = table->key_type;
-        type_t *value_type = table->value_type;
-        return Texts("Table$info(", compile_type_info(key_type), ", ", compile_type_info(value_type), ")");
-    }
-    case PointerType: {
-        DeclareMatch(ptr, t, PointerType);
-        const char *sigil = ptr->is_stack ? "&" : "@";
-        return Texts("Pointer$info(", quoted_str(sigil), ", ", compile_type_info(ptr->pointed), ")");
-    }
-    case FunctionType: {
-        return Texts("Function$info(", quoted_text(type_to_text(t)), ")");
-    }
-    case ClosureType: {
-        return Texts("Closure$info(", quoted_text(type_to_text(t)), ")");
-    }
-    case OptionalType: {
-        type_t *non_optional = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
-        return Texts("Optional$info(sizeof(", compile_type(non_optional), "), __alignof__(", compile_type(non_optional),
-                     "), ", compile_type_info(non_optional), ")");
-    }
-    case TypeInfoType: return Texts("Type$info(", quoted_text(type_to_text(Match(t, TypeInfoType)->type)), ")");
-    case MemoryType: return Text("&Memory$info");
-    case VoidType: return Text("&Void$info");
-    default: compiler_err(NULL, 0, 0, "I couldn't convert to a type info: ", type_to_str(t));
-    }
-    return EMPTY_TEXT;
-}
-
 static Text_t get_flag_options(type_t *t, const char *separator) {
     if (t->tag == BoolType) {
         return Text("yes|no");
@@ -2584,386 +1184,6 @@ Text_t compile_cli_arg_call(env_t *env, Text_t fn_name, type_t *fn_type, const c
     return code;
 }
 
-Text_t compile_function(env_t *env, Text_t name_code, ast_t *ast, Text_t *staticdefs) {
-    bool is_private = false;
-    const char *function_name;
-    arg_ast_t *args;
-    type_t *ret_t;
-    ast_t *body;
-    ast_t *cache;
-    bool is_inline;
-    if (ast->tag == FunctionDef) {
-        DeclareMatch(fndef, ast, FunctionDef);
-        function_name = Match(fndef->name, Var)->name;
-        is_private = function_name[0] == '_';
-        args = fndef->args;
-        ret_t = fndef->ret_type ? parse_type_ast(env, fndef->ret_type) : Type(VoidType);
-        body = fndef->body;
-        cache = fndef->cache;
-        is_inline = fndef->is_inline;
-    } else {
-        DeclareMatch(convertdef, ast, ConvertDef);
-        args = convertdef->args;
-        ret_t = convertdef->ret_type ? parse_type_ast(env, convertdef->ret_type) : Type(VoidType);
-        function_name = get_type_name(ret_t);
-        if (!function_name)
-            code_err(ast,
-                     "Conversions are only supported for text, struct, and enum "
-                     "types, not ",
-                     type_to_str(ret_t));
-        body = convertdef->body;
-        cache = convertdef->cache;
-        is_inline = convertdef->is_inline;
-    }
-
-    Text_t arg_signature = Text("(");
-    Table_t used_names = {};
-    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
-        type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
-        arg_signature = Texts(arg_signature, compile_declaration(arg_type, Texts("_$", arg->name)));
-        if (arg->next) arg_signature = Texts(arg_signature, ", ");
-        if (Table$str_get(used_names, arg->name))
-            code_err(ast, "The argument name '", arg->name, "' is used more than once");
-        Table$str_set(&used_names, arg->name, arg->name);
-    }
-    arg_signature = Texts(arg_signature, ")");
-
-    Text_t ret_type_code = compile_type(ret_t);
-    if (ret_t->tag == AbortType) ret_type_code = Texts("__attribute__((noreturn)) _Noreturn ", ret_type_code);
-
-    if (is_private) *staticdefs = Texts(*staticdefs, "static ", ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature, ";\n");
-
-    Text_t code;
-    if (cache) {
-        code = Texts("static ", ret_type_code, " ", name_code, "$uncached", arg_signature);
-    } else {
-        code = Texts(ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature);
-        if (is_inline) code = Texts("INLINE ", code);
-        if (!is_private) code = Texts("public ", code);
-    }
-
-    env_t *body_scope = fresh_scope(env);
-    while (body_scope->namespace) {
-        body_scope->locals->fallback = body_scope->locals->fallback->fallback;
-        body_scope->namespace = body_scope->namespace->parent;
-    }
-
-    body_scope->deferred = NULL;
-    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
-        type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
-        set_binding(body_scope, arg->name, arg_type, Texts("_$", arg->name));
-    }
-
-    body_scope->fn_ret = ret_t;
-
-    type_t *body_type = get_type(body_scope, body);
-    if (ret_t->tag == AbortType) {
-        if (body_type->tag != AbortType) code_err(ast, "This function can reach the end without aborting!");
-    } else if (ret_t->tag == VoidType) {
-        if (body_type->tag == AbortType)
-            code_err(ast, "This function will always abort before it reaches the "
-                          "end, but it's declared as having a Void return. It should "
-                          "be declared as an Abort return instead.");
-    } else {
-        if (body_type->tag != ReturnType && body_type->tag != AbortType)
-            code_err(ast,
-                     "This function looks like it can reach the end without "
-                     "returning a ",
-                     type_to_str(ret_t),
-                     " value! \n "
-                     "If this is not the case, please add a call to "
-                     "`fail(\"Unreachable\")` at the end of the function to "
-                     "help the "
-                     "compiler out.");
-    }
-
-    Text_t body_code = Texts("{\n", compile_inline_block(body_scope, body), "}\n");
-    Text_t definition = with_source_info(env, ast, Texts(code, " ", body_code, "\n"));
-
-    if (cache && args == NULL) { // no-args cache just uses a static var
-        Text_t wrapper =
-            Texts(is_private ? EMPTY_TEXT : Text("public "), ret_type_code, " ", name_code,
-                  "(void) {\n"
-                  "static ",
-                  compile_declaration(ret_t, Text("cached_result")), ";\n", "static bool initialized = false;\n",
-                  "if (!initialized) {\n"
-                  "\tcached_result = ",
-                  name_code, "$uncached();\n", "\tinitialized = true;\n", "}\n",
-                  "return cached_result;\n"
-                  "}\n");
-        definition = Texts(definition, wrapper);
-    } else if (cache && cache->tag == Int) {
-        assert(args);
-        OptionalInt64_t cache_size = Int64$parse(Text$from_str(Match(cache, Int)->str), NULL);
-        Text_t pop_code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-        if (cache->tag == Int && !cache_size.is_none && cache_size.value > 0) {
-            // FIXME: this currently just deletes the first entry, but this
-            // should be more like a least-recently-used cache eviction policy
-            // or least-frequently-used
-            pop_code = Texts("if (cache.entries.length > ", String(cache_size.value),
-                             ") Table$remove(&cache, cache.entries.data + "
-                             "cache.entries.stride*0, table_type);\n");
-        }
-
-        if (!args->next) {
-            // Single-argument functions have simplified caching logic
-            type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, args);
-            Text_t wrapper =
-                Texts(is_private ? EMPTY_TEXT : Text("public "), ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature,
-                      "{\n"
-                      "static Table_t cache = {};\n",
-                      "const TypeInfo_t *table_type = Table$info(", compile_type_info(arg_type), ", ",
-                      compile_type_info(ret_t), ");\n",
-                      compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed = ret_t), Text("cached")),
-                      " = Table$get_raw(cache, &_$", args->name,
-                      ", table_type);\n"
-                      "if (cached) return *cached;\n",
-                      compile_declaration(ret_t, Text("ret")), " = ", name_code, "$uncached(_$", args->name, ");\n",
-                      pop_code, "Table$set(&cache, &_$", args->name,
-                      ", &ret, table_type);\n"
-                      "return ret;\n"
-                      "}\n");
-            definition = Texts(definition, wrapper);
-        } else {
-            // Multi-argument functions use a custom struct type (only defined
-            // internally) as a cache key:
-            arg_t *fields = NULL;
-            for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next)
-                fields = new (arg_t, .name = arg->name, .type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg), .next = fields);
-            REVERSE_LIST(fields);
-            type_t *t = Type(StructType, .name = String("func$", get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start), "$args"),
-                             .fields = fields, .env = env);
-
-            int64_t num_fields = used_names.entries.length;
-            const char *metamethods = is_packed_data(t) ? "PackedData$metamethods" : "Struct$metamethods";
-            Text_t args_typeinfo =
-                Texts("((TypeInfo_t[1]){{.size=sizeof(args), "
-                      ".align=__alignof__(args), .metamethods=",
-                      metamethods,
-                      ", .tag=StructInfo, "
-                      ".StructInfo.name=\"FunctionArguments\", "
-                      ".StructInfo.num_fields=",
-                      String(num_fields), ", .StructInfo.fields=(NamedType_t[", String(num_fields), "]){");
-            Text_t args_type = Text("struct { ");
-            for (arg_t *f = fields; f; f = f->next) {
-                args_typeinfo = Texts(args_typeinfo, "{\"", f->name, "\", ", compile_type_info(f->type), "}");
-                args_type = Texts(args_type, compile_declaration(f->type, Text$from_str(f->name)), "; ");
-                if (f->next) args_typeinfo = Texts(args_typeinfo, ", ");
-            }
-            args_type = Texts(args_type, "}");
-            args_typeinfo = Texts(args_typeinfo, "}}})");
-
-            Text_t all_args = EMPTY_TEXT;
-            for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next)
-                all_args = Texts(all_args, "_$", arg->name, arg->next ? Text(", ") : EMPTY_TEXT);
-
-            Text_t wrapper = Texts(
-                is_private ? EMPTY_TEXT : Text("public "), ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature,
-                "{\n"
-                "static Table_t cache = {};\n",
-                args_type, " args = {", all_args,
-                "};\n"
-                "const TypeInfo_t *table_type = Table$info(",
-                args_typeinfo, ", ", compile_type_info(ret_t), ");\n",
-                compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed = ret_t), Text("cached")),
-                " = Table$get_raw(cache, &args, table_type);\n"
-                "if (cached) return *cached;\n",
-                compile_declaration(ret_t, Text("ret")), " = ", name_code, "$uncached(", all_args, ");\n", pop_code,
-                "Table$set(&cache, &args, &ret, table_type);\n"
-                "return ret;\n"
-                "}\n");
-            definition = Texts(definition, wrapper);
-        }
-    }
-
-    Text_t qualified_name = Text$from_str(function_name);
-    if (env->namespace && env->namespace->parent && env->namespace->name)
-        qualified_name = Texts(env->namespace->name, ".", qualified_name);
-    Text_t text = Texts("func ", qualified_name, "(");
-    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
-        text = Texts(text, type_to_text(get_arg_ast_type(env, arg)));
-        if (arg->next) text = Texts(text, ", ");
-    }
-    if (ret_t && ret_t->tag != VoidType) text = Texts(text, "->", type_to_text(ret_t));
-    text = Texts(text, ")");
-    return definition;
-}
-
-Text_t compile_top_level_code(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
-    if (!ast) return EMPTY_TEXT;
-
-    switch (ast->tag) {
-    case Use: {
-        // DeclareMatch(use, ast, Use);
-        // if (use->what == USE_C_CODE) {
-        //     Path_t path = Path$relative_to(Path$from_str(use->path),
-        //     Path(".build")); return Texts("#include \"",
-        //     Path$as_c_string(path),
-        //     "\"\n");
-        // }
-        return EMPTY_TEXT;
-    }
-    case Declare: {
-        DeclareMatch(decl, ast, Declare);
-        const char *decl_name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
-        Text_t full_name = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Text$from_str(decl_name));
-        type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
-        if (t->tag == FunctionType) t = Type(ClosureType, t);
-        Text_t val_code = compile_declared_value(env, ast);
-        bool is_private = decl_name[0] == '_';
-        if ((decl->value && is_constant(env, decl->value)) || (!decl->value && !has_heap_memory(t))) {
-            set_binding(env, decl_name, t, full_name);
-            return Texts(is_private ? "static " : "public ", compile_declaration(t, full_name), " = ", val_code, ";\n");
-        } else {
-            Text_t init_var = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(decl_name, "$$initialized"));
-            Text_t checked_access = Texts("check_initialized(", full_name, ", ", init_var, ", \"", decl_name, "\")");
-            set_binding(env, decl_name, t, checked_access);
-
-            Text_t initialized_name = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(decl_name, "$$initialized"));
-            return Texts("static bool ", initialized_name, " = false;\n", is_private ? "static " : "public ",
-                         compile_declaration(t, full_name), ";\n");
-        }
-    }
-    case FunctionDef: {
-        Text_t name_code =
-            namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Text$from_str(Match(Match(ast, FunctionDef)->name, Var)->name));
-        return compile_function(env, name_code, ast, &env->code->staticdefs);
-    }
-    case ConvertDef: {
-        type_t *type = get_function_def_type(env, ast);
-        const char *name = get_type_name(Match(type, FunctionType)->ret);
-        if (!name)
-            code_err(ast,
-                     "Conversions are only supported for text, struct, and enum "
-                     "types, not ",
-                     type_to_str(Match(type, FunctionType)->ret));
-        Text_t name_code =
-            namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(name, "$", String(get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start))));
-        return compile_function(env, name_code, ast, &env->code->staticdefs);
-    }
-    case StructDef: {
-        DeclareMatch(def, ast, StructDef);
-        type_t *t = Table$str_get(*env->types, def->name);
-        assert(t && t->tag == StructType);
-        Text_t code = compile_struct_typeinfo(env, t, def->name, def->fields, def->secret, def->opaque);
-        env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, def->name);
-        return Texts(code, def->namespace ? compile_top_level_code(ns_env, def->namespace) : EMPTY_TEXT);
-    }
-    case EnumDef: {
-        DeclareMatch(def, ast, EnumDef);
-        Text_t code = compile_enum_typeinfo(env, ast);
-        code = Texts(code, compile_enum_constructors(env, ast));
-        env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, def->name);
-        return Texts(code, def->namespace ? compile_top_level_code(ns_env, def->namespace) : EMPTY_TEXT);
-    }
-    case LangDef: {
-        DeclareMatch(def, ast, LangDef);
-        Text_t code =
-            Texts("public const TypeInfo_t ", namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(def->name, "$$info")), " = {",
-                  String((int64_t)sizeof(Text_t)), ", ", String((int64_t)__alignof__(Text_t)),
-                  ", .metamethods=Text$metamethods, .tag=TextInfo, .TextInfo={", quoted_str(def->name), "}};\n");
-        env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, def->name);
-        return Texts(code, def->namespace ? compile_top_level_code(ns_env, def->namespace) : EMPTY_TEXT);
-    }
-    case Extend: {
-        DeclareMatch(extend, ast, Extend);
-        binding_t *b = get_binding(env, extend->name);
-        if (!b || b->type->tag != TypeInfoType)
-            code_err(ast, "'", extend->name, "' is not the name of any type I recognize.");
-        env_t *ns_env = Match(b->type, TypeInfoType)->env;
-        env_t *extended = new (env_t);
-        *extended = *ns_env;
-        extended->locals = new (Table_t, .fallback = env->locals);
-        extended->namespace_bindings = new (Table_t, .fallback = env->namespace_bindings);
-        extended->id_suffix = env->id_suffix;
-        return compile_top_level_code(extended, extend->body);
-    }
-    case Extern: return EMPTY_TEXT;
-    case Block: {
-        Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
-        for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(ast, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
-            code = Texts(code, compile_top_level_code(env, stmt->ast));
-        }
-        return code;
-    }
-    default: return EMPTY_TEXT;
-    }
-}
-
-static void initialize_vars_and_statics(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
-    if (!ast) return;
-
-    for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(ast, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
-        if (stmt->ast->tag == InlineCCode) {
-            Text_t code = compile_statement(env, stmt->ast);
-            env->code->staticdefs = Texts(env->code->staticdefs, code, "\n");
-        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == Declare) {
-            DeclareMatch(decl, stmt->ast, Declare);
-            const char *decl_name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
-            Text_t full_name = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Text$from_str(decl_name));
-            type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
-            if (t->tag == FunctionType) t = Type(ClosureType, t);
-            Text_t val_code = compile_declared_value(env, stmt->ast);
-            if ((decl->value && !is_constant(env, decl->value)) || (!decl->value && has_heap_memory(t))) {
-                Text_t initialized_name = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(decl_name, "$$initialized"));
-                env->code->variable_initializers =
-                    Texts(env->code->variable_initializers,
-                          with_source_info(env, stmt->ast,
-                                           Texts(full_name, " = ", val_code, ",\n", initialized_name, " = true;\n")));
-            }
-        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == StructDef) {
-            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, StructDef)->name),
-                                        Match(stmt->ast, StructDef)->namespace);
-        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == EnumDef) {
-            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, EnumDef)->name),
-                                        Match(stmt->ast, EnumDef)->namespace);
-        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == LangDef) {
-            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, LangDef)->name),
-                                        Match(stmt->ast, LangDef)->namespace);
-        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == Extend) {
-            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, Extend)->name),
-                                        Match(stmt->ast, Extend)->body);
-        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == Use) {
-            continue;
-        } else {
-            Text_t code = compile_statement(env, stmt->ast);
-            if (code.length > 0) code_err(stmt->ast, "I did not expect this to generate code");
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-Text_t compile_file(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
-    Text_t top_level_code = compile_top_level_code(env, ast);
-    Text_t includes = EMPTY_TEXT;
-    Text_t use_imports = EMPTY_TEXT;
-
-    // First prepare variable initializers to prevent unitialized access:
-    for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(ast, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
-        if (stmt->ast->tag == Use) {
-            use_imports = Texts(use_imports, compile_statement(env, stmt->ast));
-
-            DeclareMatch(use, stmt->ast, Use);
-            if (use->what == USE_C_CODE) {
-                Path_t path = Path$relative_to(Path$from_str(use->path), Path(".build"));
-                includes = Texts(includes, "#include \"", Path$as_c_string(path), "\"\n");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    initialize_vars_and_statics(env, ast);
-
-    const char *name = file_base_name(ast->file->filename);
-    return Texts(env->do_source_mapping ? Texts("#line 1 ", quoted_str(ast->file->filename), "\n") : EMPTY_TEXT,
-                 "#define __SOURCE_FILE__ ", quoted_str(ast->file->filename), "\n",
-                 "#include <tomo_" TOMO_VERSION "/tomo.h>\n"
-                 "#include \"",
-                 name, ".tm.h\"\n\n", includes, env->code->local_typedefs, "\n", env->code->lambdas, "\n",
-                 env->code->staticdefs, "\n", top_level_code, "public void ",
-                 namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Text("$initialize")), "(void) {\n",
-                 "static bool initialized = false;\n", "if (initialized) return;\n", "initialized = true;\n",
-                 use_imports, env->code->variable_initializers, "}\n");
-}
-
 Text_t compile_statement_type_header(env_t *env, Path_t header_path, ast_t *ast) {
     switch (ast->tag) {
     case Use: {
diff --git a/src/compile.h b/src/compile.h
index f3758643..e0447e2e 100644
--- a/src/compile.h
+++ b/src/compile.h
@@ -9,17 +9,11 @@
 
 Text_t compile(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
 Text_t compile_cli_arg_call(env_t *env, Text_t fn_name, type_t *fn_type, const char *version);
-Text_t compile_declaration(type_t *t, Text_t name);
 Text_t compile_empty(type_t *t);
-Text_t compile_file(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
-Text_t compile_file_header(env_t *env, Path_t header_path, ast_t *ast);
-Text_t compile_lvalue(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
 Text_t compile_maybe_incref(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, type_t *t);
 Text_t compile_namespace_header(env_t *env, const char *ns_name, ast_t *block);
-Text_t compile_statement(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
 Text_t compile_statement_namespace_header(env_t *env, Path_t header_path, ast_t *ast);
 Text_t compile_statement_type_header(env_t *env, Path_t header_path, ast_t *ast);
-Text_t compile_type(type_t *t);
-Text_t compile_type_info(type_t *t);
+Text_t with_source_info(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, Text_t code);
 
 // vim: ts=4 sw=0 et cino=L2,l1,(0,W4,m1,\:0
diff --git a/src/compile/assignments.c b/src/compile/assignments.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83dbd287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compile/assignments.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+#include "assignments.h"
+#include "../ast.h"
+#include "../compile.h"
+#include "../environment.h"
+#include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+#include "../stdlib/text.h"
+#include "../stdlib/util.h"
+#include "../typecheck.h"
+#include "integers.h"
+#include "pointers.h"
+#include "promotion.h"
+#include "types.h"
+
+public
+Text_t compile_update_assignment(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    if (!is_update_assignment(ast)) code_err(ast, "This is not an update assignment");
+
+    binary_operands_t update = UPDATE_OPERANDS(ast);
+
+    type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update.lhs);
+
+    bool needs_idemotency_fix = !is_idempotent(update.lhs);
+    Text_t lhs = needs_idemotency_fix ? Text("(*lhs)") : compile_lvalue(env, update.lhs);
+
+    Text_t update_assignment = EMPTY_TEXT;
+    switch (ast->tag) {
+    case PlusUpdate: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
+            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " += ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        break;
+    }
+    case MinusUpdate: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
+            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " -= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        break;
+    }
+    case MultiplyUpdate: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
+            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " *= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        break;
+    }
+    case DivideUpdate: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
+            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " /= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        break;
+    }
+    case LeftShiftUpdate: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
+            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " <<= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        break;
+    }
+    case RightShiftUpdate: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType)
+            update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " >>= ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        break;
+    }
+    case AndUpdate: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == BoolType)
+            update_assignment =
+                Texts("if (", lhs, ") ", lhs, " = ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, Type(BoolType)), ";");
+        break;
+    }
+    case OrUpdate: {
+        if (lhs_t->tag == BoolType)
+            update_assignment =
+                Texts("if (!", lhs, ") ", lhs, " = ", compile_to_type(env, update.rhs, Type(BoolType)), ";");
+        break;
+    }
+    default: break;
+    }
+
+    if (update_assignment.length == 0) {
+        ast_t *binop = new (ast_t);
+        *binop = *ast;
+        binop->tag = binop_tag(binop->tag);
+        if (needs_idemotency_fix) binop->__data.Plus.lhs = LiteralCode(Text("*lhs"), .type = lhs_t);
+        update_assignment = Texts(lhs, " = ", compile_to_type(env, binop, lhs_t), ";");
+    }
+
+    if (needs_idemotency_fix)
+        return Texts("{ ", compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed = lhs_t), Text("lhs")), " = &",
+                     compile_lvalue(env, update.lhs), "; ", update_assignment, "; }");
+    else return update_assignment;
+}
+
+public
+Text_t compile_declaration(type_t *t, Text_t name) {
+    if (t->tag == FunctionType) {
+        DeclareMatch(fn, t, FunctionType);
+        Text_t code = Texts(compile_type(fn->ret), " (*", name, ")(");
+        for (arg_t *arg = fn->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            code = Texts(code, compile_type(arg->type));
+            if (arg->next) code = Texts(code, ", ");
+        }
+        if (!fn->args) code = Texts(code, "void");
+        return Texts(code, ")");
+    } else if (t->tag != ModuleType) {
+        return Texts(compile_type(t), " ", name);
+    } else {
+        return EMPTY_TEXT;
+    }
+}
+
+public
+Text_t compile_declared_value(env_t *env, ast_t *declare_ast) {
+    DeclareMatch(decl, declare_ast, Declare);
+    type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
+
+    if (t->tag == AbortType || t->tag == VoidType || t->tag == ReturnType)
+        code_err(declare_ast, "You can't declare a variable with a ", type_to_str(t), " value");
+
+    if (decl->value) {
+        Text_t val_code = compile_maybe_incref(env, decl->value, t);
+        if (t->tag == FunctionType) {
+            assert(promote(env, decl->value, &val_code, t, Type(ClosureType, t)));
+            t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+        }
+        return val_code;
+    } else {
+        Text_t val_code = compile_empty(t);
+        if (val_code.length == 0)
+            code_err(declare_ast, "This type (", type_to_str(t),
+                     ") cannot be uninitialized. You must provide a value.");
+        return val_code;
+    }
+}
+
+public
+Text_t compile_assignment(env_t *env, ast_t *target, Text_t value) {
+    return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, target), " = ", value);
+}
+
+public
+Text_t compile_lvalue(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    if (!can_be_mutated(env, ast)) {
+        if (ast->tag == Index) {
+            ast_t *subject = Match(ast, Index)->indexed;
+            code_err(subject, "This is an immutable value, you can't mutate "
+                              "its contents");
+        } else if (ast->tag == FieldAccess) {
+            ast_t *subject = Match(ast, FieldAccess)->fielded;
+            type_t *t = get_type(env, subject);
+            code_err(subject, "This is an immutable ", type_to_str(t), " value, you can't assign to its fields");
+        } else {
+            code_err(ast, "This is a value of type ", type_to_str(get_type(env, ast)),
+                     " and can't be used as an assignment target");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ast->tag == Index) {
+        DeclareMatch(index, ast, Index);
+        type_t *container_t = get_type(env, index->indexed);
+        if (container_t->tag == OptionalType)
+            code_err(index->indexed, "This value might be none, so it can't be "
+                                     "safely used as an assignment target");
+
+        if (!index->index && container_t->tag == PointerType) return compile(env, ast);
+
+        container_t = value_type(container_t);
+        type_t *index_t = get_type(env, index->index);
+        if (container_t->tag == ListType) {
+            Text_t target_code = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, index->indexed, 1, false);
+            type_t *item_type = Match(container_t, ListType)->item_type;
+            Text_t index_code =
+                index->index->tag == Int
+                    ? compile_int_to_type(env, index->index, Type(IntType, .bits = TYPE_IBITS64))
+                    : (index_t->tag == BigIntType ? Texts("Int64$from_int(", compile(env, index->index), ", no)")
+                                                  : Texts("(Int64_t)(", compile(env, index->index), ")"));
+            if (index->unchecked) {
+                return Texts("List_lvalue_unchecked(", compile_type(item_type), ", ", target_code, ", ", index_code,
+                             ")");
+            } else {
+                return Texts("List_lvalue(", compile_type(item_type), ", ", target_code, ", ", index_code, ", ",
+                             String((int)(ast->start - ast->file->text)), ", ",
+                             String((int)(ast->end - ast->file->text)), ")");
+            }
+        } else if (container_t->tag == TableType) {
+            DeclareMatch(table_type, container_t, TableType);
+            if (table_type->default_value) {
+                type_t *value_type = get_type(env, table_type->default_value);
+                return Texts("*Table$get_or_setdefault(", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, index->indexed, 1, false), ", ",
+                             compile_type(table_type->key_type), ", ", compile_type(value_type), ", ",
+                             compile_to_type(env, index->index, table_type->key_type), ", ",
+                             compile_to_type(env, table_type->default_value, table_type->value_type), ", ",
+                             compile_type_info(container_t), ")");
+            }
+            if (index->unchecked) code_err(ast, "Table indexes cannot be unchecked");
+            return Texts("*(", compile_type(Type(PointerType, table_type->value_type)), ")Table$reserve(",
+                         compile_to_pointer_depth(env, index->indexed, 1, false), ", ",
+                         compile_to_type(env, index->index, Type(PointerType, table_type->key_type, .is_stack = true)),
+                         ", NULL,", compile_type_info(container_t), ")");
+        } else {
+            code_err(ast, "I don't know how to assign to this target");
+        }
+    } else if (ast->tag == Var || ast->tag == FieldAccess || ast->tag == InlineCCode) {
+        return compile(env, ast);
+    } else {
+        code_err(ast, "I don't know how to assign to this");
+    }
+    return EMPTY_TEXT;
+}
diff --git a/src/compile/assignments.h b/src/compile/assignments.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a906db33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compile/assignments.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+#include "../ast.h"
+#include "../environment.h"
+#include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+#include "../types.h"
+
+Text_t compile_update_assignment(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
+Text_t compile_declaration(type_t *t, Text_t name);
+Text_t compile_declared_value(env_t *env, ast_t *declare_ast);
+Text_t compile_assignment(env_t *env, ast_t *target, Text_t value);
+Text_t compile_lvalue(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
diff --git a/src/compile/enums.c b/src/compile/enums.c
index f09d41ba..1e20f5bf 100644
--- a/src/compile/enums.c
+++ b/src/compile/enums.c
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@
 #include "../stdlib/tables.h"
 #include "../stdlib/text.h"
 #include "../typecheck.h"
+#include "assignments.h"
 #include "pointers.h"
 #include "structs.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 Text_t compile_enum_typeinfo(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
     DeclareMatch(def, ast, EnumDef);
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ Text_t compile_empty_enum(type_t *t) {
 public
 Text_t compile_enum_field_access(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
     DeclareMatch(f, ast, FieldAccess);
-    type_t *fielded_t = get_type(env, ast);
+    type_t *fielded_t = get_type(env, f->fielded);
     type_t *value_t = value_type(fielded_t);
     DeclareMatch(e, value_t, EnumType);
     for (tag_t *tag = e->tags; tag; tag = tag->next) {
diff --git a/src/compile/files.c b/src/compile/files.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9f4052a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compile/files.c
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#include "../ast.h"
+#include "../compile.h"
+#include "../environment.h"
+#include "../naming.h"
+#include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+#include "../stdlib/paths.h"
+#include "../stdlib/tables.h"
+#include "../stdlib/text.h"
+#include "../typecheck.h"
+#include "../types.h"
+#include "assignments.h"
+#include "enums.h"
+#include "functions.h"
+#include "statements.h"
+#include "structs.h"
+#include "types.h"
+
+static Text_t quoted_str(const char *str) { return Text$quoted(Text$from_str(str), false, Text("\"")); }
+
+static inline Text_t quoted_text(Text_t text) { return Text$quoted(text, false, Text("\"")); }
+
+static void initialize_vars_and_statics(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    if (!ast) return;
+
+    for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(ast, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+        if (stmt->ast->tag == InlineCCode) {
+            Text_t code = compile_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+            env->code->staticdefs = Texts(env->code->staticdefs, code, "\n");
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == Declare) {
+            DeclareMatch(decl, stmt->ast, Declare);
+            const char *decl_name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
+            Text_t full_name = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Text$from_str(decl_name));
+            type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
+            if (t->tag == FunctionType) t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+            Text_t val_code = compile_declared_value(env, stmt->ast);
+            if ((decl->value && !is_constant(env, decl->value)) || (!decl->value && has_heap_memory(t))) {
+                Text_t initialized_name = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(decl_name, "$$initialized"));
+                env->code->variable_initializers =
+                    Texts(env->code->variable_initializers,
+                          with_source_info(env, stmt->ast,
+                                           Texts(full_name, " = ", val_code, ",\n", initialized_name, " = true;\n")));
+            }
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == StructDef) {
+            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, StructDef)->name),
+                                        Match(stmt->ast, StructDef)->namespace);
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == EnumDef) {
+            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, EnumDef)->name),
+                                        Match(stmt->ast, EnumDef)->namespace);
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == LangDef) {
+            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, LangDef)->name),
+                                        Match(stmt->ast, LangDef)->namespace);
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == Extend) {
+            initialize_vars_and_statics(namespace_env(env, Match(stmt->ast, Extend)->name),
+                                        Match(stmt->ast, Extend)->body);
+        } else if (stmt->ast->tag == Use) {
+            continue;
+        } else {
+            Text_t code = compile_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+            if (code.length > 0) code_err(stmt->ast, "I did not expect this to generate code");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static Text_t compile_top_level_code(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    if (!ast) return EMPTY_TEXT;
+
+    switch (ast->tag) {
+    case Use: {
+        // DeclareMatch(use, ast, Use);
+        // if (use->what == USE_C_CODE) {
+        //     Path_t path = Path$relative_to(Path$from_str(use->path),
+        //     Path(".build")); return Texts("#include \"",
+        //     Path$as_c_string(path),
+        //     "\"\n");
+        // }
+        return EMPTY_TEXT;
+    }
+    case Declare: {
+        DeclareMatch(decl, ast, Declare);
+        const char *decl_name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
+        Text_t full_name = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Text$from_str(decl_name));
+        type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
+        if (t->tag == FunctionType) t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+        Text_t val_code = compile_declared_value(env, ast);
+        bool is_private = decl_name[0] == '_';
+        if ((decl->value && is_constant(env, decl->value)) || (!decl->value && !has_heap_memory(t))) {
+            set_binding(env, decl_name, t, full_name);
+            return Texts(is_private ? "static " : "public ", compile_declaration(t, full_name), " = ", val_code, ";\n");
+        } else {
+            Text_t init_var = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(decl_name, "$$initialized"));
+            Text_t checked_access = Texts("check_initialized(", full_name, ", ", init_var, ", \"", decl_name, "\")");
+            set_binding(env, decl_name, t, checked_access);
+
+            Text_t initialized_name = namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(decl_name, "$$initialized"));
+            return Texts("static bool ", initialized_name, " = false;\n", is_private ? "static " : "public ",
+                         compile_declaration(t, full_name), ";\n");
+        }
+    }
+    case FunctionDef: {
+        Text_t name_code =
+            namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Text$from_str(Match(Match(ast, FunctionDef)->name, Var)->name));
+        return compile_function(env, name_code, ast, &env->code->staticdefs);
+    }
+    case ConvertDef: {
+        type_t *type = get_function_def_type(env, ast);
+        const char *name = get_type_name(Match(type, FunctionType)->ret);
+        if (!name)
+            code_err(ast,
+                     "Conversions are only supported for text, struct, and enum "
+                     "types, not ",
+                     type_to_str(Match(type, FunctionType)->ret));
+        Text_t name_code =
+            namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(name, "$", String(get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start))));
+        return compile_function(env, name_code, ast, &env->code->staticdefs);
+    }
+    case StructDef: {
+        DeclareMatch(def, ast, StructDef);
+        type_t *t = Table$str_get(*env->types, def->name);
+        assert(t && t->tag == StructType);
+        Text_t code = compile_struct_typeinfo(env, t, def->name, def->fields, def->secret, def->opaque);
+        env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, def->name);
+        return Texts(code, def->namespace ? compile_top_level_code(ns_env, def->namespace) : EMPTY_TEXT);
+    }
+    case EnumDef: {
+        DeclareMatch(def, ast, EnumDef);
+        Text_t code = compile_enum_typeinfo(env, ast);
+        code = Texts(code, compile_enum_constructors(env, ast));
+        env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, def->name);
+        return Texts(code, def->namespace ? compile_top_level_code(ns_env, def->namespace) : EMPTY_TEXT);
+    }
+    case LangDef: {
+        DeclareMatch(def, ast, LangDef);
+        Text_t code =
+            Texts("public const TypeInfo_t ", namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Texts(def->name, "$$info")), " = {",
+                  String((int64_t)sizeof(Text_t)), ", ", String((int64_t)__alignof__(Text_t)),
+                  ", .metamethods=Text$metamethods, .tag=TextInfo, .TextInfo={", quoted_str(def->name), "}};\n");
+        env_t *ns_env = namespace_env(env, def->name);
+        return Texts(code, def->namespace ? compile_top_level_code(ns_env, def->namespace) : EMPTY_TEXT);
+    }
+    case Extend: {
+        DeclareMatch(extend, ast, Extend);
+        binding_t *b = get_binding(env, extend->name);
+        if (!b || b->type->tag != TypeInfoType)
+            code_err(ast, "'", extend->name, "' is not the name of any type I recognize.");
+        env_t *ns_env = Match(b->type, TypeInfoType)->env;
+        env_t *extended = new (env_t);
+        *extended = *ns_env;
+        extended->locals = new (Table_t, .fallback = env->locals);
+        extended->namespace_bindings = new (Table_t, .fallback = env->namespace_bindings);
+        extended->id_suffix = env->id_suffix;
+        return compile_top_level_code(extended, extend->body);
+    }
+    case Extern: return EMPTY_TEXT;
+    case Block: {
+        Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
+        for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(ast, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+            code = Texts(code, compile_top_level_code(env, stmt->ast));
+        }
+        return code;
+    }
+    default: return EMPTY_TEXT;
+    }
+}
+
+Text_t compile_file(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    Text_t top_level_code = compile_top_level_code(env, ast);
+    Text_t includes = EMPTY_TEXT;
+    Text_t use_imports = EMPTY_TEXT;
+
+    // First prepare variable initializers to prevent unitialized access:
+    for (ast_list_t *stmt = Match(ast, Block)->statements; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+        if (stmt->ast->tag == Use) {
+            use_imports = Texts(use_imports, compile_statement(env, stmt->ast));
+
+            DeclareMatch(use, stmt->ast, Use);
+            if (use->what == USE_C_CODE) {
+                Path_t path = Path$relative_to(Path$from_str(use->path), Path(".build"));
+                includes = Texts(includes, "#include \"", Path$as_c_string(path), "\"\n");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    initialize_vars_and_statics(env, ast);
+
+    const char *name = file_base_name(ast->file->filename);
+    return Texts(env->do_source_mapping ? Texts("#line 1 ", quoted_str(ast->file->filename), "\n") : EMPTY_TEXT,
+                 "#define __SOURCE_FILE__ ", quoted_str(ast->file->filename), "\n",
+                 "#include <tomo_" TOMO_VERSION "/tomo.h>\n"
+                 "#include \"",
+                 name, ".tm.h\"\n\n", includes, env->code->local_typedefs, "\n", env->code->lambdas, "\n",
+                 env->code->staticdefs, "\n", top_level_code, "public void ",
+                 namespace_name(env, env->namespace, Text("$initialize")), "(void) {\n",
+                 "static bool initialized = false;\n", "if (initialized) return;\n", "initialized = true;\n",
+                 use_imports, env->code->variable_initializers, "}\n");
+}
diff --git a/src/compile/files.h b/src/compile/files.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b8b4012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compile/files.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#include "../ast.h"
+#include "../environment.h"
+#include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+
+Text_t compile_file(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
+Text_t compile_file_header(env_t *env, Path_t header_path, ast_t *ast);
diff --git a/src/compile/functions.c b/src/compile/functions.c
index 4015f0ca..5197b6f1 100644
--- a/src/compile/functions.c
+++ b/src/compile/functions.c
@@ -11,10 +11,13 @@
 #include "../stdlib/util.h"
 #include "../typecheck.h"
 #include "../types.h"
+#include "assignments.h"
 #include "integers.h"
 #include "promotion.h"
+#include "statements.h"
 #include "structs.h"
 #include "text.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 public
 Text_t compile_arguments(env_t *env, ast_t *call_ast, arg_t *spec_args, arg_ast_t *call_args) {
@@ -571,3 +574,209 @@ Table_t get_closed_vars(env_t *env, arg_ast_t *args, ast_t *block) {
     add_closed_vars(&closed_vars, env, body_scope, block);
     return closed_vars;
 }
+
+public
+Text_t compile_function(env_t *env, Text_t name_code, ast_t *ast, Text_t *staticdefs) {
+    bool is_private = false;
+    const char *function_name;
+    arg_ast_t *args;
+    type_t *ret_t;
+    ast_t *body;
+    ast_t *cache;
+    bool is_inline;
+    if (ast->tag == FunctionDef) {
+        DeclareMatch(fndef, ast, FunctionDef);
+        function_name = Match(fndef->name, Var)->name;
+        is_private = function_name[0] == '_';
+        args = fndef->args;
+        ret_t = fndef->ret_type ? parse_type_ast(env, fndef->ret_type) : Type(VoidType);
+        body = fndef->body;
+        cache = fndef->cache;
+        is_inline = fndef->is_inline;
+    } else {
+        DeclareMatch(convertdef, ast, ConvertDef);
+        args = convertdef->args;
+        ret_t = convertdef->ret_type ? parse_type_ast(env, convertdef->ret_type) : Type(VoidType);
+        function_name = get_type_name(ret_t);
+        if (!function_name)
+            code_err(ast,
+                     "Conversions are only supported for text, struct, and enum "
+                     "types, not ",
+                     type_to_str(ret_t));
+        body = convertdef->body;
+        cache = convertdef->cache;
+        is_inline = convertdef->is_inline;
+    }
+
+    Text_t arg_signature = Text("(");
+    Table_t used_names = {};
+    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
+        arg_signature = Texts(arg_signature, compile_declaration(arg_type, Texts("_$", arg->name)));
+        if (arg->next) arg_signature = Texts(arg_signature, ", ");
+        if (Table$str_get(used_names, arg->name))
+            code_err(ast, "The argument name '", arg->name, "' is used more than once");
+        Table$str_set(&used_names, arg->name, arg->name);
+    }
+    arg_signature = Texts(arg_signature, ")");
+
+    Text_t ret_type_code = compile_type(ret_t);
+    if (ret_t->tag == AbortType) ret_type_code = Texts("__attribute__((noreturn)) _Noreturn ", ret_type_code);
+
+    if (is_private) *staticdefs = Texts(*staticdefs, "static ", ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature, ";\n");
+
+    Text_t code;
+    if (cache) {
+        code = Texts("static ", ret_type_code, " ", name_code, "$uncached", arg_signature);
+    } else {
+        code = Texts(ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature);
+        if (is_inline) code = Texts("INLINE ", code);
+        if (!is_private) code = Texts("public ", code);
+    }
+
+    env_t *body_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+    while (body_scope->namespace) {
+        body_scope->locals->fallback = body_scope->locals->fallback->fallback;
+        body_scope->namespace = body_scope->namespace->parent;
+    }
+
+    body_scope->deferred = NULL;
+    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg);
+        set_binding(body_scope, arg->name, arg_type, Texts("_$", arg->name));
+    }
+
+    body_scope->fn_ret = ret_t;
+
+    type_t *body_type = get_type(body_scope, body);
+    if (ret_t->tag == AbortType) {
+        if (body_type->tag != AbortType) code_err(ast, "This function can reach the end without aborting!");
+    } else if (ret_t->tag == VoidType) {
+        if (body_type->tag == AbortType)
+            code_err(ast, "This function will always abort before it reaches the "
+                          "end, but it's declared as having a Void return. It should "
+                          "be declared as an Abort return instead.");
+    } else {
+        if (body_type->tag != ReturnType && body_type->tag != AbortType)
+            code_err(ast,
+                     "This function looks like it can reach the end without "
+                     "returning a ",
+                     type_to_str(ret_t),
+                     " value! \n "
+                     "If this is not the case, please add a call to "
+                     "`fail(\"Unreachable\")` at the end of the function to "
+                     "help the "
+                     "compiler out.");
+    }
+
+    Text_t body_code = Texts("{\n", compile_inline_block(body_scope, body), "}\n");
+    Text_t definition = with_source_info(env, ast, Texts(code, " ", body_code, "\n"));
+
+    if (cache && args == NULL) { // no-args cache just uses a static var
+        Text_t wrapper =
+            Texts(is_private ? EMPTY_TEXT : Text("public "), ret_type_code, " ", name_code,
+                  "(void) {\n"
+                  "static ",
+                  compile_declaration(ret_t, Text("cached_result")), ";\n", "static bool initialized = false;\n",
+                  "if (!initialized) {\n"
+                  "\tcached_result = ",
+                  name_code, "$uncached();\n", "\tinitialized = true;\n", "}\n",
+                  "return cached_result;\n"
+                  "}\n");
+        definition = Texts(definition, wrapper);
+    } else if (cache && cache->tag == Int) {
+        assert(args);
+        OptionalInt64_t cache_size = Int64$parse(Text$from_str(Match(cache, Int)->str), NULL);
+        Text_t pop_code = EMPTY_TEXT;
+        if (cache->tag == Int && !cache_size.is_none && cache_size.value > 0) {
+            // FIXME: this currently just deletes the first entry, but this
+            // should be more like a least-recently-used cache eviction policy
+            // or least-frequently-used
+            pop_code = Texts("if (cache.entries.length > ", String(cache_size.value),
+                             ") Table$remove(&cache, cache.entries.data + "
+                             "cache.entries.stride*0, table_type);\n");
+        }
+
+        if (!args->next) {
+            // Single-argument functions have simplified caching logic
+            type_t *arg_type = get_arg_ast_type(env, args);
+            Text_t wrapper =
+                Texts(is_private ? EMPTY_TEXT : Text("public "), ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature,
+                      "{\n"
+                      "static Table_t cache = {};\n",
+                      "const TypeInfo_t *table_type = Table$info(", compile_type_info(arg_type), ", ",
+                      compile_type_info(ret_t), ");\n",
+                      compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed = ret_t), Text("cached")),
+                      " = Table$get_raw(cache, &_$", args->name,
+                      ", table_type);\n"
+                      "if (cached) return *cached;\n",
+                      compile_declaration(ret_t, Text("ret")), " = ", name_code, "$uncached(_$", args->name, ");\n",
+                      pop_code, "Table$set(&cache, &_$", args->name,
+                      ", &ret, table_type);\n"
+                      "return ret;\n"
+                      "}\n");
+            definition = Texts(definition, wrapper);
+        } else {
+            // Multi-argument functions use a custom struct type (only defined
+            // internally) as a cache key:
+            arg_t *fields = NULL;
+            for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+                fields = new (arg_t, .name = arg->name, .type = get_arg_ast_type(env, arg), .next = fields);
+            REVERSE_LIST(fields);
+            type_t *t = Type(StructType, .name = String("func$", get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start), "$args"),
+                             .fields = fields, .env = env);
+
+            int64_t num_fields = used_names.entries.length;
+            const char *metamethods = is_packed_data(t) ? "PackedData$metamethods" : "Struct$metamethods";
+            Text_t args_typeinfo =
+                Texts("((TypeInfo_t[1]){{.size=sizeof(args), "
+                      ".align=__alignof__(args), .metamethods=",
+                      metamethods,
+                      ", .tag=StructInfo, "
+                      ".StructInfo.name=\"FunctionArguments\", "
+                      ".StructInfo.num_fields=",
+                      String(num_fields), ", .StructInfo.fields=(NamedType_t[", String(num_fields), "]){");
+            Text_t args_type = Text("struct { ");
+            for (arg_t *f = fields; f; f = f->next) {
+                args_typeinfo = Texts(args_typeinfo, "{\"", f->name, "\", ", compile_type_info(f->type), "}");
+                args_type = Texts(args_type, compile_declaration(f->type, Text$from_str(f->name)), "; ");
+                if (f->next) args_typeinfo = Texts(args_typeinfo, ", ");
+            }
+            args_type = Texts(args_type, "}");
+            args_typeinfo = Texts(args_typeinfo, "}}})");
+
+            Text_t all_args = EMPTY_TEXT;
+            for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+                all_args = Texts(all_args, "_$", arg->name, arg->next ? Text(", ") : EMPTY_TEXT);
+
+            Text_t wrapper = Texts(
+                is_private ? EMPTY_TEXT : Text("public "), ret_type_code, " ", name_code, arg_signature,
+                "{\n"
+                "static Table_t cache = {};\n",
+                args_type, " args = {", all_args,
+                "};\n"
+                "const TypeInfo_t *table_type = Table$info(",
+                args_typeinfo, ", ", compile_type_info(ret_t), ");\n",
+                compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, .pointed = ret_t), Text("cached")),
+                " = Table$get_raw(cache, &args, table_type);\n"
+                "if (cached) return *cached;\n",
+                compile_declaration(ret_t, Text("ret")), " = ", name_code, "$uncached(", all_args, ");\n", pop_code,
+                "Table$set(&cache, &args, &ret, table_type);\n"
+                "return ret;\n"
+                "}\n");
+            definition = Texts(definition, wrapper);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Text_t qualified_name = Text$from_str(function_name);
+    if (env->namespace && env->namespace->parent && env->namespace->name)
+        qualified_name = Texts(env->namespace->name, ".", qualified_name);
+    Text_t text = Texts("func ", qualified_name, "(");
+    for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+        text = Texts(text, type_to_text(get_arg_ast_type(env, arg)));
+        if (arg->next) text = Texts(text, ", ");
+    }
+    if (ret_t && ret_t->tag != VoidType) text = Texts(text, "->", type_to_text(ret_t));
+    text = Texts(text, ")");
+    return definition;
+}
diff --git a/src/compile/functions.h b/src/compile/functions.h
index f7edd2aa..da9a6992 100644
--- a/src/compile/functions.h
+++ b/src/compile/functions.h
@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ Text_t compile_function_call(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
 Text_t compile_arguments(env_t *env, ast_t *call_ast, arg_t *spec_args, arg_ast_t *call_args);
 Text_t compile_lambda(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
 Table_t get_closed_vars(env_t *env, arg_ast_t *args, ast_t *block);
+Text_t compile_function(env_t *env, Text_t name_code, ast_t *ast, Text_t *staticdefs);
diff --git a/src/compile/lists.c b/src/compile/lists.c
index e5b024ee..9e9fa2fa 100644
--- a/src/compile/lists.c
+++ b/src/compile/lists.c
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #include "optionals.h"
 #include "pointers.h"
 #include "promotion.h"
+#include "statements.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 static ast_t *add_to_list_comprehension(ast_t *item, ast_t *subject) {
     return WrapAST(item, MethodCall, .name = "insert", .self = subject, .args = new (arg_ast_t, .value = item));
diff --git a/src/compile/optionals.c b/src/compile/optionals.c
index 4b360b31..fa7f6f29 100644
--- a/src/compile/optionals.c
+++ b/src/compile/optionals.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "../stdlib/text.h"
 #include "../stdlib/util.h"
 #include "../types.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 Text_t optional_into_nonnone(type_t *t, Text_t value) {
     if (t->tag == OptionalType) t = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
@@ -83,3 +84,29 @@ Text_t compile_none(type_t *t) {
     }
     return EMPTY_TEXT;
 }
+
+public
+Text_t check_none(type_t *t, Text_t value) {
+    t = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
+    // NOTE: these use statement expressions ({...;}) because some compilers
+    // complain about excessive parens around equality comparisons
+    if (t->tag == PointerType || t->tag == FunctionType || t->tag == CStringType)
+        return Texts("({", value, " == NULL;})");
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE) return Texts("({(", value, ").type.$tag == PATH_NONE;})");
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return Texts("({(", value, ").$tag == PATH_NONE;})");
+    else if (t->tag == BigIntType) return Texts("({(", value, ").small == 0;})");
+    else if (t->tag == ClosureType) return Texts("({(", value, ").fn == NULL;})");
+    else if (t->tag == NumType)
+        return Texts(Match(t, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64 ? "Num$isnan(" : "Num32$isnan(", value, ")");
+    else if (t->tag == ListType) return Texts("({(", value, ").length < 0;})");
+    else if (t->tag == TableType || t->tag == SetType) return Texts("({(", value, ").entries.length < 0;})");
+    else if (t->tag == BoolType) return Texts("({(", value, ") == NONE_BOOL;})");
+    else if (t->tag == TextType) return Texts("({(", value, ").length < 0;})");
+    else if (t->tag == IntType || t->tag == ByteType || t->tag == StructType) return Texts("(", value, ").is_none");
+    else if (t->tag == EnumType) {
+        if (enum_has_fields(t)) return Texts("({(", value, ").$tag == 0;})");
+        else return Texts("((", value, ") == 0)");
+    }
+    print_err("Optional check not implemented for: ", type_to_str(t));
+    return EMPTY_TEXT;
+}
diff --git a/src/compile/optionals.h b/src/compile/optionals.h
index ec5d1954..f8d18b86 100644
--- a/src/compile/optionals.h
+++ b/src/compile/optionals.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
 #include "../types.h"
 
-Text_t check_none(type_t *t, Text_t value);
 Text_t optional_into_nonnone(type_t *t, Text_t value);
 Text_t promote_to_optional(type_t *t, Text_t code);
 Text_t compile_none(type_t *t);
+Text_t check_none(type_t *t, Text_t value);
diff --git a/src/compile/pointers.c b/src/compile/pointers.c
index ee67b18d..7efb5179 100644
--- a/src/compile/pointers.c
+++ b/src/compile/pointers.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "../environment.h"
 #include "../stdlib/text.h"
 #include "../typecheck.h"
+#include "assignments.h"
 #include "promotion.h"
 
 public
diff --git a/src/compile/promotion.c b/src/compile/promotion.c
index fbac5888..30c8f69b 100644
--- a/src/compile/promotion.c
+++ b/src/compile/promotion.c
@@ -6,12 +6,15 @@
 #include "../stdlib/text.h"
 #include "../typecheck.h"
 #include "../types.h"
+#include "assignments.h"
+#include "functions.h"
 #include "integers.h"
 #include "lists.h"
 #include "optionals.h"
 #include "pointers.h"
 #include "sets.h"
 #include "tables.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 static Text_t quoted_str(const char *str) { return Text$quoted(Text$from_str(str), false, Text("\"")); }
 
diff --git a/src/compile/sets.c b/src/compile/sets.c
index 7cb56fff..2abd4a08 100644
--- a/src/compile/sets.c
+++ b/src/compile/sets.c
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #include "optionals.h"
 #include "pointers.h"
 #include "promotion.h"
+#include "statements.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 static ast_t *add_to_set_comprehension(ast_t *item, ast_t *subject) {
     return WrapAST(item, MethodCall, .name = "add", .self = subject, .args = new (arg_ast_t, .value = item));
diff --git a/src/compile/statements.c b/src/compile/statements.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8649b978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compile/statements.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1072 @@
+#include <glob.h>
+
+#include "../ast.h"
+#include "../compile.h"
+#include "../environment.h"
+#include "../modules.h"
+#include "../naming.h"
+#include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+#include "../stdlib/paths.h"
+#include "../stdlib/tables.h"
+#include "../stdlib/text.h"
+#include "../stdlib/util.h"
+#include "../typecheck.h"
+#include "assignments.h"
+#include "functions.h"
+#include "optionals.h"
+#include "pointers.h"
+#include "promotion.h"
+#include "statements.h"
+#include "text.h"
+#include "types.h"
+
+typedef ast_t *(*comprehension_body_t)(ast_t *, ast_t *);
+
+public
+Text_t compile_inline_block(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    if (ast->tag != Block) return compile_statement(env, ast);
+
+    Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
+    ast_list_t *stmts = Match(ast, Block)->statements;
+    deferral_t *prev_deferred = env->deferred;
+    env = fresh_scope(env);
+    for (ast_list_t *stmt = stmts; stmt; stmt = stmt->next)
+        prebind_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+    for (ast_list_t *stmt = stmts; stmt; stmt = stmt->next) {
+        code = Texts(code, compile_statement(env, stmt->ast), "\n");
+        bind_statement(env, stmt->ast);
+    }
+    for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != prev_deferred; deferred = deferred->next) {
+        code = Texts(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
+    }
+    return code;
+}
+
+public
+Text_t compile_condition(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    type_t *t = get_type(env, ast);
+    if (t->tag == BoolType) {
+        return compile(env, ast);
+    } else if (t->tag == TextType) {
+        return Texts("(", compile(env, ast), ").length");
+    } else if (t->tag == ListType) {
+        return Texts("(", compile(env, ast), ").length");
+    } else if (t->tag == TableType || t->tag == SetType) {
+        return Texts("(", compile(env, ast), ").entries.length");
+    } else if (t->tag == OptionalType) {
+        return Texts("!", check_none(t, compile(env, ast)));
+    } else if (t->tag == PointerType) {
+        code_err(ast, "This pointer will always be non-none, so it should not be "
+                      "used in a conditional.");
+    } else {
+        code_err(ast, type_to_str(t), " values cannot be used for conditionals");
+    }
+    return EMPTY_TEXT;
+}
+
+static Text_t _compile_statement(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    switch (ast->tag) {
+    case When: {
+        // Typecheck to verify exhaustiveness:
+        type_t *result_t = get_type(env, ast);
+        (void)result_t;
+
+        DeclareMatch(when, ast, When);
+        type_t *subject_t = get_type(env, when->subject);
+
+        if (subject_t->tag != EnumType) {
+            Text_t prefix = EMPTY_TEXT, suffix = EMPTY_TEXT;
+            ast_t *subject = when->subject;
+            if (!is_idempotent(when->subject)) {
+                prefix = Texts("{\n", compile_declaration(subject_t, Text("_when_subject")), " = ",
+                               compile(env, subject), ";\n");
+                suffix = Text("}\n");
+                subject = LiteralCode(Text("_when_subject"), .type = subject_t);
+            }
+
+            Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
+            for (when_clause_t *clause = when->clauses; clause; clause = clause->next) {
+                ast_t *comparison = WrapAST(clause->pattern, Equals, .lhs = subject, .rhs = clause->pattern);
+                (void)get_type(env, comparison);
+                if (code.length > 0) code = Texts(code, "else ");
+                code = Texts(code, "if (", compile(env, comparison), ")", compile_statement(env, clause->body));
+            }
+            if (when->else_body) code = Texts(code, "else ", compile_statement(env, when->else_body));
+            code = Texts(prefix, code, suffix);
+            return code;
+        }
+
+        DeclareMatch(enum_t, subject_t, EnumType);
+
+        Text_t code;
+        if (enum_has_fields(subject_t))
+            code = Texts("WHEN(", compile_type(subject_t), ", ", compile(env, when->subject), ", _when_subject, {\n");
+        else code = Texts("switch(", compile(env, when->subject), ") {\n");
+
+        for (when_clause_t *clause = when->clauses; clause; clause = clause->next) {
+            if (clause->pattern->tag == Var) {
+                const char *clause_tag_name = Match(clause->pattern, Var)->name;
+                type_t *clause_type = clause->body ? get_type(env, clause->body) : Type(VoidType);
+                code = Texts(
+                    code, "case ", namespace_name(enum_t->env, enum_t->env->namespace, Texts("tag$", clause_tag_name)),
+                    ": {\n", compile_inline_block(env, clause->body),
+                    (clause_type->tag == ReturnType || clause_type->tag == AbortType) ? EMPTY_TEXT : Text("break;\n"),
+                    "}\n");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (clause->pattern->tag != FunctionCall || Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->fn->tag != Var)
+                code_err(clause->pattern, "This is not a valid pattern for a ", type_to_str(subject_t), " enum type");
+
+            const char *clause_tag_name = Match(Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->fn, Var)->name;
+            code = Texts(code, "case ",
+                         namespace_name(enum_t->env, enum_t->env->namespace, Texts("tag$", clause_tag_name)), ": {\n");
+            type_t *tag_type = NULL;
+            for (tag_t *tag = enum_t->tags; tag; tag = tag->next) {
+                if (streq(tag->name, clause_tag_name)) {
+                    tag_type = tag->type;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            assert(tag_type);
+            env_t *scope = env;
+
+            DeclareMatch(tag_struct, tag_type, StructType);
+            arg_ast_t *args = Match(clause->pattern, FunctionCall)->args;
+            if (args && !args->next && tag_struct->fields && tag_struct->fields->next) {
+                if (args->value->tag != Var) code_err(args->value, "This is not a valid variable to bind to");
+                const char *var_name = Match(args->value, Var)->name;
+                if (!streq(var_name, "_")) {
+                    Text_t var = Texts("_$", var_name);
+                    code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(tag_type, var), " = _when_subject.",
+                                 valid_c_name(clause_tag_name), ";\n");
+                    scope = fresh_scope(scope);
+                    set_binding(scope, Match(args->value, Var)->name, tag_type, EMPTY_TEXT);
+                }
+            } else if (args) {
+                scope = fresh_scope(scope);
+                arg_t *field = tag_struct->fields;
+                for (arg_ast_t *arg = args; arg || field; arg = arg->next) {
+                    if (!arg)
+                        code_err(ast, "The field ", type_to_str(subject_t), ".", clause_tag_name, ".", field->name,
+                                 " wasn't accounted for");
+                    if (!field) code_err(arg->value, "This is one more field than ", type_to_str(subject_t), " has");
+                    if (arg->name) code_err(arg->value, "Named arguments are not currently supported");
+
+                    const char *var_name = Match(arg->value, Var)->name;
+                    if (!streq(var_name, "_")) {
+                        Text_t var = Texts("_$", var_name);
+                        code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(field->type, var), " = _when_subject.",
+                                     valid_c_name(clause_tag_name), ".", valid_c_name(field->name), ";\n");
+                        set_binding(scope, Match(arg->value, Var)->name, field->type, var);
+                    }
+                    field = field->next;
+                }
+            }
+            if (clause->body->tag == Block) {
+                ast_list_t *statements = Match(clause->body, Block)->statements;
+                if (!statements || (statements->ast->tag == Pass && !statements->next))
+                    code = Texts(code, "break;\n}\n");
+                else code = Texts(code, compile_inline_block(scope, clause->body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
+            } else {
+                code = Texts(code, compile_statement(scope, clause->body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
+            }
+        }
+        if (when->else_body) {
+            if (when->else_body->tag == Block) {
+                ast_list_t *statements = Match(when->else_body, Block)->statements;
+                if (!statements || (statements->ast->tag == Pass && !statements->next))
+                    code = Texts(code, "default: break;");
+                else code = Texts(code, "default: {\n", compile_inline_block(env, when->else_body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
+            } else {
+                code = Texts(code, "default: {\n", compile_statement(env, when->else_body), "\nbreak;\n}\n");
+            }
+        } else {
+            code = Texts(code, "default: errx(1, \"Invalid tag!\");\n");
+        }
+        code = Texts(code, "\n}", enum_has_fields(subject_t) ? Text(")") : EMPTY_TEXT, "\n");
+        return code;
+    }
+    case DocTest: {
+        DeclareMatch(test, ast, DocTest);
+        type_t *expr_t = get_type(env, test->expr);
+        if (!expr_t) code_err(test->expr, "I couldn't figure out the type of this expression");
+
+        Text_t setup = EMPTY_TEXT;
+        Text_t test_code;
+        if (test->expr->tag == Declare) {
+            DeclareMatch(decl, test->expr, Declare);
+            type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
+            if (t->tag == FunctionType) t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+            Text_t var = Texts("_$", Match(decl->var, Var)->name);
+            Text_t val_code = compile_declared_value(env, test->expr);
+            setup = Texts(compile_declaration(t, var), ";\n");
+            test_code = Texts("(", var, " = ", val_code, ")");
+            expr_t = t;
+        } else if (test->expr->tag == Assign) {
+            DeclareMatch(assign, test->expr, Assign);
+            if (!assign->targets->next && assign->targets->ast->tag == Var && is_idempotent(assign->targets->ast)) {
+                // Common case: assigning to one variable:
+                type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, assign->targets->ast);
+                if (assign->targets->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
+                    && value_type(get_type(env, Match(assign->targets->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
+                    lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+                if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
+                    code_err(test->expr, "Stack references cannot be assigned "
+                                         "to variables because the "
+                                         "variable's scope may outlive the "
+                                         "scope of the stack memory.");
+                env_t *val_scope = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
+                Text_t value = compile_to_type(val_scope, assign->values->ast, lhs_t);
+                test_code = Texts("(", compile_assignment(env, assign->targets->ast, value), ")");
+                expr_t = lhs_t;
+            } else {
+                // Multi-assign or assignment to potentially non-idempotent
+                // targets
+                if (test->expected && assign->targets->next)
+                    code_err(ast, "Sorry, but doctesting with '=' is not "
+                                  "supported for "
+                                  "multi-assignments");
+
+                test_code = Text("({ // Assignment\n");
+
+                int64_t i = 1;
+                for (ast_list_t *target = assign->targets, *value = assign->values; target && value;
+                     target = target->next, value = value->next) {
+                    type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, target->ast);
+                    if (target->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
+                        && value_type(get_type(env, Match(target->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
+                        lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+                    if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
+                        code_err(ast, "Stack references cannot be assigned to "
+                                      "variables because the "
+                                      "variable's scope may outlive the scope "
+                                      "of the stack memory.");
+                    if (target == assign->targets) expr_t = lhs_t;
+                    env_t *val_scope = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
+                    Text_t val_code = compile_to_type(val_scope, value->ast, lhs_t);
+                    test_code = Texts(test_code, compile_type(lhs_t), " $", String(i), " = ", val_code, ";\n");
+                    i += 1;
+                }
+                i = 1;
+                for (ast_list_t *target = assign->targets; target; target = target->next) {
+                    test_code = Texts(test_code, compile_assignment(env, target->ast, Texts("$", String(i))), ";\n");
+                    i += 1;
+                }
+
+                test_code = Texts(test_code, "$1; })");
+            }
+        } else if (is_update_assignment(test->expr)) {
+            binary_operands_t update = UPDATE_OPERANDS(test->expr);
+            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update.lhs);
+            if (update.lhs->tag == Index) {
+                type_t *indexed = value_type(get_type(env, Match(update.lhs, Index)->indexed));
+                if (indexed->tag == TableType && Match(indexed, TableType)->default_value == NULL)
+                    code_err(update.lhs, "Update assignments are not currently "
+                                         "supported for tables");
+            }
+
+            ast_t *update_var = new (ast_t);
+            *update_var = *test->expr;
+            update_var->__data.PlusUpdate.lhs = LiteralCode(Text("(*expr)"), .type = lhs_t); // UNSAFE
+            test_code =
+                Texts("({", compile_declaration(Type(PointerType, lhs_t), Text("expr")), " = &(",
+                      compile_lvalue(env, update.lhs), "); ", compile_statement(env, update_var), "; *expr; })");
+            expr_t = lhs_t;
+        } else if (expr_t->tag == VoidType || expr_t->tag == AbortType || expr_t->tag == ReturnType) {
+            test_code = Texts("({", compile_statement(env, test->expr), " NULL;})");
+        } else {
+            test_code = compile(env, test->expr);
+        }
+        if (test->expected) {
+            return Texts(setup, "test(", compile_type(expr_t), ", ", test_code, ", ",
+                         compile_to_type(env, test->expected, expr_t), ", ", compile_type_info(expr_t), ", ",
+                         String((int64_t)(test->expr->start - test->expr->file->text)), ", ",
+                         String((int64_t)(test->expr->end - test->expr->file->text)), ");");
+        } else {
+            if (expr_t->tag == VoidType || expr_t->tag == AbortType) {
+                return Texts(setup, "inspect_void(", test_code, ", ", compile_type_info(expr_t), ", ",
+                             String((int64_t)(test->expr->start - test->expr->file->text)), ", ",
+                             String((int64_t)(test->expr->end - test->expr->file->text)), ");");
+            }
+            return Texts(setup, "inspect(", compile_type(expr_t), ", ", test_code, ", ", compile_type_info(expr_t),
+                         ", ", String((int64_t)(test->expr->start - test->expr->file->text)), ", ",
+                         String((int64_t)(test->expr->end - test->expr->file->text)), ");");
+        }
+    }
+    case Assert: {
+        ast_t *expr = Match(ast, Assert)->expr;
+        ast_t *message = Match(ast, Assert)->message;
+        const char *failure = NULL;
+        switch (expr->tag) {
+        case And: {
+            DeclareMatch(and_, ast, And);
+            return Texts(compile_statement(env, WrapAST(ast, Assert, .expr = and_->lhs, .message = message)),
+                         compile_statement(env, WrapAST(ast, Assert, .expr = and_->rhs, .message = message)));
+        }
+        case Equals: failure = "!="; goto assert_comparison;
+        case NotEquals: failure = "=="; goto assert_comparison;
+        case LessThan: failure = ">="; goto assert_comparison;
+        case LessThanOrEquals: failure = ">"; goto assert_comparison;
+        case GreaterThan: failure = "<="; goto assert_comparison;
+        case GreaterThanOrEquals:
+            failure = "<";
+            goto assert_comparison;
+            {
+            assert_comparison:;
+                binary_operands_t cmp = BINARY_OPERANDS(expr);
+                type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, cmp.lhs);
+                type_t *rhs_t = get_type(env, cmp.rhs);
+                type_t *operand_t;
+                if (cmp.lhs->tag == Int && is_numeric_type(rhs_t)) {
+                    operand_t = rhs_t;
+                } else if (cmp.rhs->tag == Int && is_numeric_type(lhs_t)) {
+                    operand_t = lhs_t;
+                } else if (can_compile_to_type(env, cmp.rhs, lhs_t)) {
+                    operand_t = lhs_t;
+                } else if (can_compile_to_type(env, cmp.lhs, rhs_t)) {
+                    operand_t = rhs_t;
+                } else {
+                    code_err(ast, "I can't do comparisons between ", type_to_str(lhs_t), " and ", type_to_str(rhs_t));
+                }
+
+                ast_t *lhs_var =
+                    FakeAST(InlineCCode, .chunks = new (ast_list_t, .ast = FakeAST(TextLiteral, Text("_lhs"))),
+                            .type = operand_t);
+                ast_t *rhs_var =
+                    FakeAST(InlineCCode, .chunks = new (ast_list_t, .ast = FakeAST(TextLiteral, Text("_rhs"))),
+                            .type = operand_t);
+                ast_t *var_comparison = new (ast_t, .file = expr->file, .start = expr->start, .end = expr->end,
+                                             .tag = expr->tag, .__data.Equals = {.lhs = lhs_var, .rhs = rhs_var});
+                int64_t line = get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start);
+                return Texts("{ // assertion\n", compile_declaration(operand_t, Text("_lhs")), " = ",
+                             compile_to_type(env, cmp.lhs, operand_t), ";\n", "\n#line ", String(line), "\n",
+                             compile_declaration(operand_t, Text("_rhs")), " = ",
+                             compile_to_type(env, cmp.rhs, operand_t), ";\n", "\n#line ", String(line), "\n", "if (!(",
+                             compile_condition(env, var_comparison), "))\n", "#line ", String(line), "\n",
+                             Texts("fail_source(", quoted_str(ast->file->filename), ", ",
+                                   String((int64_t)(expr->start - expr->file->text)), ", ",
+                                   String((int64_t)(expr->end - expr->file->text)), ", ",
+                                   message
+                                       ? Texts("Text$as_c_string(", compile_to_type(env, message, Type(TextType)), ")")
+                                       : Text("\"This assertion failed!\""),
+                                   ", ", "\" (\", ", expr_as_text(Text("_lhs"), operand_t, Text("no")),
+                                   ", "
+                                   "\" ",
+                                   failure, " \", ", expr_as_text(Text("_rhs"), operand_t, Text("no")), ", \")\");\n"),
+                             "}\n");
+            }
+        default: {
+            int64_t line = get_line_number(ast->file, ast->start);
+            return Texts("if (!(", compile_condition(env, expr), "))\n", "#line ", String(line), "\n", "fail_source(",
+                         quoted_str(ast->file->filename), ", ", String((int64_t)(expr->start - expr->file->text)), ", ",
+                         String((int64_t)(expr->end - expr->file->text)), ", ",
+                         message ? Texts("Text$as_c_string(", compile_to_type(env, message, Type(TextType)), ")")
+                                 : Text("\"This assertion failed!\""),
+                         ");\n");
+        }
+        }
+    }
+    case Declare: {
+        DeclareMatch(decl, ast, Declare);
+        const char *name = Match(decl->var, Var)->name;
+        if (streq(name, "_")) { // Explicit discard
+            if (decl->value) return Texts("(void)", compile(env, decl->value), ";");
+            else return EMPTY_TEXT;
+        } else {
+            type_t *t = decl->type ? parse_type_ast(env, decl->type) : get_type(env, decl->value);
+            if (t->tag == FunctionType) t = Type(ClosureType, t);
+            if (t->tag == AbortType || t->tag == VoidType || t->tag == ReturnType)
+                code_err(ast, "You can't declare a variable with a ", type_to_str(t), " value");
+
+            Text_t val_code = compile_declared_value(env, ast);
+            return Texts(compile_declaration(t, Texts("_$", name)), " = ", val_code, ";");
+        }
+    }
+    case Assign: {
+        DeclareMatch(assign, ast, Assign);
+        // Single assignment, no temp vars needed:
+        if (assign->targets && !assign->targets->next) {
+            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, assign->targets->ast);
+            if (assign->targets->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
+                && value_type(get_type(env, Match(assign->targets->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
+                lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+            if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
+                code_err(ast, "Stack references cannot be assigned to "
+                              "variables because the "
+                              "variable's scope may outlive the scope of the "
+                              "stack memory.");
+            env_t *val_env = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
+            Text_t val = compile_to_type(val_env, assign->values->ast, lhs_t);
+            return Texts(compile_assignment(env, assign->targets->ast, val), ";\n");
+        }
+
+        Text_t code = Text("{ // Assignment\n");
+        int64_t i = 1;
+        for (ast_list_t *value = assign->values, *target = assign->targets; value && target;
+             value = value->next, target = target->next) {
+            type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, target->ast);
+            if (target->ast->tag == Index && lhs_t->tag == OptionalType
+                && value_type(get_type(env, Match(target->ast, Index)->indexed))->tag == TableType)
+                lhs_t = Match(lhs_t, OptionalType)->type;
+            if (has_stack_memory(lhs_t))
+                code_err(ast, "Stack references cannot be assigned to "
+                              "variables because the "
+                              "variable's scope may outlive the scope of the "
+                              "stack memory.");
+            env_t *val_env = with_enum_scope(env, lhs_t);
+            Text_t val = compile_to_type(val_env, value->ast, lhs_t);
+            code = Texts(code, compile_type(lhs_t), " $", String(i), " = ", val, ";\n");
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        i = 1;
+        for (ast_list_t *target = assign->targets; target; target = target->next) {
+            code = Texts(code, compile_assignment(env, target->ast, Texts("$", String(i))), ";\n");
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        return Texts(code, "\n}");
+    }
+    case PlusUpdate: {
+        DeclareMatch(update, ast, PlusUpdate);
+        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
+        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
+            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " += ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
+    }
+    case MinusUpdate: {
+        DeclareMatch(update, ast, MinusUpdate);
+        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
+        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
+            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " -= ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
+    }
+    case MultiplyUpdate: {
+        DeclareMatch(update, ast, MultiplyUpdate);
+        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
+        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
+            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " *= ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
+    }
+    case DivideUpdate: {
+        DeclareMatch(update, ast, DivideUpdate);
+        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
+        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
+            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " /= ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
+    }
+    case ModUpdate: {
+        DeclareMatch(update, ast, ModUpdate);
+        type_t *lhs_t = get_type(env, update->lhs);
+        if (is_idempotent(update->lhs) && (lhs_t->tag == IntType || lhs_t->tag == NumType || lhs_t->tag == ByteType))
+            return Texts(compile_lvalue(env, update->lhs), " %= ", compile_to_type(env, update->rhs, lhs_t), ";");
+        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
+    }
+    case PowerUpdate:
+    case Mod1Update:
+    case ConcatUpdate:
+    case LeftShiftUpdate:
+    case UnsignedLeftShiftUpdate:
+    case RightShiftUpdate:
+    case UnsignedRightShiftUpdate:
+    case AndUpdate:
+    case OrUpdate:
+    case XorUpdate: {
+        return compile_update_assignment(env, ast);
+    }
+    case StructDef:
+    case EnumDef:
+    case LangDef:
+    case Extend:
+    case FunctionDef:
+    case ConvertDef: {
+        return EMPTY_TEXT;
+    }
+    case Skip: {
+        const char *target = Match(ast, Skip)->target;
+        for (loop_ctx_t *ctx = env->loop_ctx; ctx; ctx = ctx->next) {
+            bool matched = !target || strcmp(target, ctx->loop_name) == 0;
+            for (ast_list_t *var = ctx->loop_vars; var && !matched; var = var ? var->next : NULL)
+                matched = (strcmp(target, Match(var->ast, Var)->name) == 0);
+
+            if (matched) {
+                if (ctx->skip_label.length == 0) {
+                    static int64_t skip_label_count = 1;
+                    ctx->skip_label = Texts("skip_", String(skip_label_count));
+                    ++skip_label_count;
+                }
+                Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
+                for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != ctx->deferred;
+                     deferred = deferred->next)
+                    code = Texts(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
+                if (code.length > 0) return Texts("{\n", code, "goto ", ctx->skip_label, ";\n}\n");
+                else return Texts("goto ", ctx->skip_label, ";");
+            }
+        }
+        if (env->loop_ctx) code_err(ast, "This is not inside any loop");
+        else if (target) code_err(ast, "No loop target named '", target, "' was found");
+        else return Text("continue;");
+    }
+    case Stop: {
+        const char *target = Match(ast, Stop)->target;
+        for (loop_ctx_t *ctx = env->loop_ctx; ctx; ctx = ctx->next) {
+            bool matched = !target || strcmp(target, ctx->loop_name) == 0;
+            for (ast_list_t *var = ctx->loop_vars; var && !matched; var = var ? var->next : var)
+                matched = (strcmp(target, Match(var->ast, Var)->name) == 0);
+
+            if (matched) {
+                if (ctx->stop_label.length == 0) {
+                    static int64_t stop_label_count = 1;
+                    ctx->stop_label = Texts("stop_", String(stop_label_count));
+                    ++stop_label_count;
+                }
+                Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
+                for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred && deferred != ctx->deferred;
+                     deferred = deferred->next)
+                    code = Texts(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
+                if (code.length > 0) return Texts("{\n", code, "goto ", ctx->stop_label, ";\n}\n");
+                else return Texts("goto ", ctx->stop_label, ";");
+            }
+        }
+        if (env->loop_ctx) code_err(ast, "This is not inside any loop");
+        else if (target) code_err(ast, "No loop target named '", target, "' was found");
+        else return Text("break;");
+    }
+    case Pass: return Text(";");
+    case Defer: {
+        ast_t *body = Match(ast, Defer)->body;
+        Table_t closed_vars = get_closed_vars(env, NULL, body);
+
+        static int defer_id = 0;
+        env_t *defer_env = fresh_scope(env);
+        Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
+        for (int64_t i = 0; i < closed_vars.entries.length; i++) {
+            struct {
+                const char *name;
+                binding_t *b;
+            } *entry = closed_vars.entries.data + closed_vars.entries.stride * i;
+            if (entry->b->type->tag == ModuleType) continue;
+            if (Text$starts_with(entry->b->code, Text("userdata->"), NULL)) {
+                Table$str_set(defer_env->locals, entry->name, entry->b);
+            } else {
+                Text_t defer_name = Texts("defer$", String(++defer_id), "$", entry->name);
+                defer_id += 1;
+                code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(entry->b->type, defer_name), " = ", entry->b->code, ";\n");
+                set_binding(defer_env, entry->name, entry->b->type, defer_name);
+            }
+        }
+        env->deferred = new (deferral_t, .defer_env = defer_env, .block = body, .next = env->deferred);
+        return code;
+    }
+    case Return: {
+        if (!env->fn_ret) code_err(ast, "This return statement is not inside any function");
+        ast_t *ret = Match(ast, Return)->value;
+
+        Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
+        for (deferral_t *deferred = env->deferred; deferred; deferred = deferred->next) {
+            code = Texts(code, compile_statement(deferred->defer_env, deferred->block));
+        }
+
+        if (ret) {
+            if (env->fn_ret->tag == VoidType || env->fn_ret->tag == AbortType)
+                code_err(ast, "This function is not supposed to return any values, "
+                              "according to its type signature");
+
+            env = with_enum_scope(env, env->fn_ret);
+            Text_t value = compile_to_type(env, ret, env->fn_ret);
+            if (env->deferred) {
+                code = Texts(compile_declaration(env->fn_ret, Text("ret")), " = ", value, ";\n", code);
+                value = Text("ret");
+            }
+
+            return Texts(code, "return ", value, ";");
+        } else {
+            if (env->fn_ret->tag != VoidType)
+                code_err(ast, "This function expects you to return a ", type_to_str(env->fn_ret), " value");
+            return Texts(code, "return;");
+        }
+    }
+    case While: {
+        DeclareMatch(while_, ast, While);
+        env_t *scope = fresh_scope(env);
+        loop_ctx_t loop_ctx = (loop_ctx_t){
+            .loop_name = "while",
+            .deferred = scope->deferred,
+            .next = env->loop_ctx,
+        };
+        scope->loop_ctx = &loop_ctx;
+        Text_t body = compile_statement(scope, while_->body);
+        if (loop_ctx.skip_label.length > 0) body = Texts(body, "\n", loop_ctx.skip_label, ": continue;");
+        Text_t loop = Texts("while (", while_->condition ? compile(scope, while_->condition) : Text("yes"), ") {\n\t",
+                            body, "\n}");
+        if (loop_ctx.stop_label.length > 0) loop = Texts(loop, "\n", loop_ctx.stop_label, ":;");
+        return loop;
+    }
+    case Repeat: {
+        ast_t *body = Match(ast, Repeat)->body;
+        env_t *scope = fresh_scope(env);
+        loop_ctx_t loop_ctx = (loop_ctx_t){
+            .loop_name = "repeat",
+            .deferred = scope->deferred,
+            .next = env->loop_ctx,
+        };
+        scope->loop_ctx = &loop_ctx;
+        Text_t body_code = compile_statement(scope, body);
+        if (loop_ctx.skip_label.length > 0) body_code = Texts(body_code, "\n", loop_ctx.skip_label, ": continue;");
+        Text_t loop = Texts("for (;;) {\n\t", body_code, "\n}");
+        if (loop_ctx.stop_label.length > 0) loop = Texts(loop, "\n", loop_ctx.stop_label, ":;");
+        return loop;
+    }
+    case For: {
+        DeclareMatch(for_, ast, For);
+
+        // If we're iterating over a comprehension, that's actually just doing
+        // one loop, we don't need to compile the comprehension as a list
+        // comprehension. This is a common case for reducers like `(+: i*2 for i
+        // in 5)` or `(and) x.is_good() for x in xs`
+        if (for_->iter->tag == Comprehension) {
+            DeclareMatch(comp, for_->iter, Comprehension);
+            ast_t *body = for_->body;
+            if (for_->vars) {
+                if (for_->vars->next) code_err(for_->vars->next->ast, "This is too many variables for iteration");
+
+                body = WrapAST(
+                    ast, Block,
+                    .statements = new (
+                        ast_list_t, .ast = WrapAST(ast, Declare, .var = for_->vars->ast, .value = comp->expr),
+                        .next = body->tag == Block ? Match(body, Block)->statements : new (ast_list_t, .ast = body)));
+            }
+
+            if (comp->filter) body = WrapAST(for_->body, If, .condition = comp->filter, .body = body);
+            ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars = comp->vars, .iter = comp->iter, .body = body);
+            return compile_statement(env, loop);
+        }
+
+        env_t *body_scope = for_scope(env, ast);
+        loop_ctx_t loop_ctx = (loop_ctx_t){
+            .loop_name = "for",
+            .loop_vars = for_->vars,
+            .deferred = body_scope->deferred,
+            .next = body_scope->loop_ctx,
+        };
+        body_scope->loop_ctx = &loop_ctx;
+        // Naked means no enclosing braces:
+        Text_t naked_body = compile_inline_block(body_scope, for_->body);
+        if (loop_ctx.skip_label.length > 0) naked_body = Texts(naked_body, "\n", loop_ctx.skip_label, ": continue;");
+        Text_t stop = loop_ctx.stop_label.length > 0 ? Texts("\n", loop_ctx.stop_label, ":;") : EMPTY_TEXT;
+
+        // Special case for improving performance for numeric iteration:
+        if (for_->iter->tag == MethodCall && streq(Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->name, "to")
+            && is_int_type(get_type(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self))) {
+            // TODO: support other integer types
+            arg_ast_t *args = Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->args;
+            if (!args) code_err(for_->iter, "to() needs at least one argument");
+
+            type_t *int_type = get_type(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self);
+            type_t *step_type = int_type->tag == ByteType ? Type(IntType, .bits = TYPE_IBITS8) : int_type;
+
+            Text_t last = EMPTY_TEXT, step = EMPTY_TEXT, optional_step = EMPTY_TEXT;
+            if (!args->name || streq(args->name, "last")) {
+                last = compile_to_type(env, args->value, int_type);
+                if (args->next) {
+                    if (args->next->name && !streq(args->next->name, "step"))
+                        code_err(args->next->value, "Invalid argument name: ", args->next->name);
+                    if (get_type(env, args->next->value)->tag == OptionalType)
+                        optional_step = compile_to_type(env, args->next->value, Type(OptionalType, step_type));
+                    else step = compile_to_type(env, args->next->value, step_type);
+                }
+            } else if (streq(args->name, "step")) {
+                if (get_type(env, args->value)->tag == OptionalType)
+                    optional_step = compile_to_type(env, args->value, Type(OptionalType, step_type));
+                else step = compile_to_type(env, args->value, step_type);
+                if (args->next) {
+                    if (args->next->name && !streq(args->next->name, "last"))
+                        code_err(args->next->value, "Invalid argument name: ", args->next->name);
+                    last = compile_to_type(env, args->next->value, int_type);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (last.length == 0) code_err(for_->iter, "No `last` argument was given");
+
+            Text_t type_code = compile_type(int_type);
+            Text_t value = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : Text("i");
+            if (int_type->tag == BigIntType) {
+                if (optional_step.length > 0)
+                    step = Texts("({ OptionalInt_t maybe_step = ", optional_step,
+                                 "; maybe_step->small == 0 ? "
+                                 "(Int$compare_value(last, first) >= 0 "
+                                 "? I_small(1) : I_small(-1)) : (Int_t)maybe_step; "
+                                 "})");
+                else if (step.length == 0)
+                    step = Text("Int$compare_value(last, first) >= 0 ? "
+                                "I_small(1) : I_small(-1)");
+                return Texts("for (", type_code, " first = ", compile(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self), ", ",
+                             value, " = first, last = ", last, ", step = ", step,
+                             "; "
+                             "Int$compare_value(",
+                             value, ", last) != Int$compare_value(step, I_small(0)); ", value, " = Int$plus(", value,
+                             ", step)) {\n"
+                             "\t",
+                             naked_body, "}", stop);
+            } else {
+                if (optional_step.length > 0)
+                    step = Texts("({ ", compile_type(Type(OptionalType, step_type)), " maybe_step = ", optional_step,
+                                 "; "
+                                 "maybe_step.is_none ? (",
+                                 type_code, ")(last >= first ? 1 : -1) : maybe_step.value; })");
+                else if (step.length == 0) step = Texts("(", type_code, ")(last >= first ? 1 : -1)");
+                return Texts("for (", type_code, " first = ", compile(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self), ", ",
+                             value, " = first, last = ", last, ", step = ", step,
+                             "; "
+                             "step > 0 ? ",
+                             value, " <= last : ", value, " >= last; ", value,
+                             " += step) {\n"
+                             "\t",
+                             naked_body, "}", stop);
+            }
+        } else if (for_->iter->tag == MethodCall && streq(Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->name, "onward")
+                   && get_type(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self)->tag == BigIntType) {
+            // Special case for Int.onward()
+            arg_ast_t *args = Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->args;
+            arg_t *arg_spec =
+                new (arg_t, .name = "step", .type = INT_TYPE, .default_val = FakeAST(Int, .str = "1"), .next = NULL);
+            Text_t step = compile_arguments(env, for_->iter, arg_spec, args);
+            Text_t value = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : Text("i");
+            return Texts("for (Int_t ", value, " = ", compile(env, Match(for_->iter, MethodCall)->self), ", ",
+                         "step = ", step, "; ; ", value, " = Int$plus(", value,
+                         ", step)) {\n"
+                         "\t",
+                         naked_body, "}", stop);
+        }
+
+        type_t *iter_t = get_type(env, for_->iter);
+        type_t *iter_value_t = value_type(iter_t);
+
+        switch (iter_value_t->tag) {
+        case ListType: {
+            type_t *item_t = Match(iter_value_t, ListType)->item_type;
+            Text_t index = EMPTY_TEXT;
+            Text_t value = EMPTY_TEXT;
+            if (for_->vars) {
+                if (for_->vars->next) {
+                    if (for_->vars->next->next)
+                        code_err(for_->vars->next->next->ast, "This is too many variables for this loop");
+
+                    index = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
+                    value = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->next->ast);
+                } else {
+                    value = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Text_t loop = EMPTY_TEXT;
+            loop = Texts(loop, "for (int64_t i = 1; i <= iterating.length; ++i)");
+
+            if (index.length > 0) naked_body = Texts("Int_t ", index, " = I(i);\n", naked_body);
+
+            if (value.length > 0) {
+                loop = Texts(loop, "{\n", compile_declaration(item_t, value), " = *(", compile_type(item_t),
+                             "*)(iterating.data + (i-1)*iterating.stride);\n", naked_body, "\n}");
+            } else {
+                loop = Texts(loop, "{\n", naked_body, "\n}");
+            }
+
+            if (for_->empty)
+                loop = Texts("if (iterating.length > 0) {\n", loop, "\n} else ", compile_statement(env, for_->empty));
+
+            if (iter_t->tag == PointerType) {
+                loop = Texts("{\n"
+                             "List_t *ptr = ",
+                             compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 1, false),
+                             ";\n"
+                             "\nLIST_INCREF(*ptr);\n"
+                             "List_t iterating = *ptr;\n",
+                             loop, stop,
+                             "\nLIST_DECREF(*ptr);\n"
+                             "}\n");
+
+            } else {
+                loop = Texts("{\n"
+                             "List_t iterating = ",
+                             compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false), ";\n", loop, stop, "}\n");
+            }
+            return loop;
+        }
+        case SetType:
+        case TableType: {
+            Text_t loop = Text("for (int64_t i = 0; i < iterating.length; ++i) {\n");
+            if (for_->vars) {
+                if (iter_value_t->tag == SetType) {
+                    if (for_->vars->next) code_err(for_->vars->next->ast, "This is too many variables for this loop");
+                    Text_t item = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
+                    type_t *item_type = Match(iter_value_t, SetType)->item_type;
+                    loop = Texts(loop, compile_declaration(item_type, item), " = *(", compile_type(item_type), "*)(",
+                                 "iterating.data + i*iterating.stride);\n");
+                } else {
+                    Text_t key = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast);
+                    type_t *key_t = Match(iter_value_t, TableType)->key_type;
+                    loop = Texts(loop, compile_declaration(key_t, key), " = *(", compile_type(key_t), "*)(",
+                                 "iterating.data + i*iterating.stride);\n");
+
+                    if (for_->vars->next) {
+                        if (for_->vars->next->next)
+                            code_err(for_->vars->next->next->ast, "This is too many variables for this loop");
+
+                        type_t *value_t = Match(iter_value_t, TableType)->value_type;
+                        Text_t value = compile(body_scope, for_->vars->next->ast);
+                        Text_t value_offset = Texts("offsetof(struct { ", compile_declaration(key_t, Text("k")), "; ",
+                                                    compile_declaration(value_t, Text("v")), "; }, v)");
+                        loop = Texts(loop, compile_declaration(value_t, value), " = *(", compile_type(value_t), "*)(",
+                                     "iterating.data + i*iterating.stride + ", value_offset, ");\n");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            loop = Texts(loop, naked_body, "\n}");
+
+            if (for_->empty) {
+                loop = Texts("if (iterating.length > 0) {\n", loop, "\n} else ", compile_statement(env, for_->empty));
+            }
+
+            if (iter_t->tag == PointerType) {
+                loop = Texts("{\n", "Table_t *t = ", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 1, false),
+                             ";\n"
+                             "LIST_INCREF(t->entries);\n"
+                             "List_t iterating = t->entries;\n",
+                             loop,
+                             "LIST_DECREF(t->entries);\n"
+                             "}\n");
+            } else {
+                loop = Texts("{\n", "List_t iterating = (", compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false),
+                             ").entries;\n", loop, "}\n");
+            }
+            return loop;
+        }
+        case BigIntType: {
+            Text_t n;
+            if (for_->iter->tag == Int) {
+                const char *str = Match(for_->iter, Int)->str;
+                Int_t int_val = Int$from_str(str);
+                if (int_val.small == 0) code_err(for_->iter, "Failed to parse this integer");
+                mpz_t i;
+                mpz_init_set_int(i, int_val);
+                if (mpz_cmpabs_ui(i, BIGGEST_SMALL_INT) <= 0) n = Text$from_str(mpz_get_str(NULL, 10, i));
+                else goto big_n;
+
+                if (for_->empty && mpz_cmp_si(i, 0) <= 0) {
+                    return compile_statement(env, for_->empty);
+                } else {
+                    return Texts("for (int64_t i = 1; i <= ", n, "; ++i) {\n",
+                                 for_->vars
+                                     ? Texts("\tInt_t ", compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast), " = I_small(i);\n")
+                                     : EMPTY_TEXT,
+                                 "\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n");
+                }
+            }
+
+        big_n:
+            n = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false);
+            Text_t i = for_->vars ? compile(body_scope, for_->vars->ast) : Text("i");
+            Text_t n_var = for_->vars ? Texts("max", i) : Text("n");
+            if (for_->empty) {
+                return Texts("{\n"
+                             "Int_t ",
+                             n_var, " = ", n,
+                             ";\n"
+                             "if (Int$compare_value(",
+                             n_var,
+                             ", I(0)) > 0) {\n"
+                             "for (Int_t ",
+                             i, " = I(1); Int$compare_value(", i, ", ", n_var, ") <= 0; ", i, " = Int$plus(", i,
+                             ", I(1))) {\n", "\t", naked_body,
+                             "}\n"
+                             "} else ",
+                             compile_statement(env, for_->empty), stop,
+                             "\n"
+                             "}\n");
+            } else {
+                return Texts("for (Int_t ", i, " = I(1), ", n_var, " = ", n, "; Int$compare_value(", i, ", ", n_var,
+                             ") <= 0; ", i, " = Int$plus(", i, ", I(1))) {\n", "\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n");
+            }
+        }
+        case FunctionType:
+        case ClosureType: {
+            // Iterator function:
+            Text_t code = Text("{\n");
+
+            Text_t next_fn;
+            if (is_idempotent(for_->iter)) {
+                next_fn = compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false);
+            } else {
+                code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(iter_value_t, Text("next")), " = ",
+                             compile_to_pointer_depth(env, for_->iter, 0, false), ";\n");
+                next_fn = Text("next");
+            }
+
+            __typeof(iter_value_t->__data.FunctionType) *fn =
+                iter_value_t->tag == ClosureType ? Match(Match(iter_value_t, ClosureType)->fn, FunctionType)
+                                                 : Match(iter_value_t, FunctionType);
+
+            Text_t get_next;
+            if (iter_value_t->tag == ClosureType) {
+                type_t *fn_t = Match(iter_value_t, ClosureType)->fn;
+                arg_t *closure_fn_args = NULL;
+                for (arg_t *arg = Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->args; arg; arg = arg->next)
+                    closure_fn_args = new (arg_t, .name = arg->name, .type = arg->type, .default_val = arg->default_val,
+                                           .next = closure_fn_args);
+                closure_fn_args = new (arg_t, .name = "userdata",
+                                       .type = Type(PointerType, .pointed = Type(MemoryType)), .next = closure_fn_args);
+                REVERSE_LIST(closure_fn_args);
+                Text_t fn_type_code =
+                    compile_type(Type(FunctionType, .args = closure_fn_args, .ret = Match(fn_t, FunctionType)->ret));
+                get_next = Texts("((", fn_type_code, ")", next_fn, ".fn)(", next_fn, ".userdata)");
+            } else {
+                get_next = Texts(next_fn, "()");
+            }
+
+            if (fn->ret->tag == OptionalType) {
+                // Use an optional variable `cur` for each iteration step, which
+                // will be checked for none
+                code = Texts(code, compile_declaration(fn->ret, Text("cur")), ";\n");
+                get_next = Texts("(cur=", get_next, ", !", check_none(fn->ret, Text("cur")), ")");
+                if (for_->vars) {
+                    naked_body = Texts(compile_declaration(Match(fn->ret, OptionalType)->type,
+                                                           Texts("_$", Match(for_->vars->ast, Var)->name)),
+                                       " = ", optional_into_nonnone(fn->ret, Text("cur")), ";\n", naked_body);
+                }
+                if (for_->empty) {
+                    code = Texts(code, "if (", get_next,
+                                 ") {\n"
+                                 "\tdo{\n\t\t",
+                                 naked_body, "\t} while(", get_next,
+                                 ");\n"
+                                 "} else {\n\t",
+                                 compile_statement(env, for_->empty), "}", stop, "\n}\n");
+                } else {
+                    code = Texts(code, "while(", get_next, ") {\n\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n}\n");
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (for_->vars) {
+                    naked_body = Texts(compile_declaration(fn->ret, Texts("_$", Match(for_->vars->ast, Var)->name)),
+                                       " = ", get_next, ";\n", naked_body);
+                } else {
+                    naked_body = Texts(get_next, ";\n", naked_body);
+                }
+                if (for_->empty)
+                    code_err(for_->empty, "This iteration loop will always have values, "
+                                          "so this block will never run");
+                code = Texts(code, "for (;;) {\n\t", naked_body, "}\n", stop, "\n}\n");
+            }
+
+            return code;
+        }
+        default: code_err(for_->iter, "Iteration is not implemented for type: ", type_to_str(iter_t));
+        }
+    }
+    case If: {
+        DeclareMatch(if_, ast, If);
+        ast_t *condition = if_->condition;
+        if (condition->tag == Declare) {
+            if (Match(condition, Declare)->value == NULL) code_err(condition, "This declaration must have a value");
+            env_t *truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+            Text_t code = Texts("IF_DECLARE(", compile_statement(truthy_scope, condition), ", ");
+            bind_statement(truthy_scope, condition);
+            ast_t *var = Match(condition, Declare)->var;
+            code = Texts(code, compile_condition(truthy_scope, var), ", ");
+            type_t *cond_t = get_type(truthy_scope, var);
+            if (cond_t->tag == OptionalType) {
+                set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(var, Var)->name, Match(cond_t, OptionalType)->type,
+                            optional_into_nonnone(cond_t, compile(truthy_scope, var)));
+            }
+            code = Texts(code, compile_statement(truthy_scope, if_->body), ")");
+            if (if_->else_body) code = Texts(code, "\nelse ", compile_statement(env, if_->else_body));
+            return code;
+        } else {
+            Text_t code = Texts("if (", compile_condition(env, condition), ")");
+            env_t *truthy_scope = env;
+            type_t *cond_t = get_type(env, condition);
+            if (condition->tag == Var && cond_t->tag == OptionalType) {
+                truthy_scope = fresh_scope(env);
+                set_binding(truthy_scope, Match(condition, Var)->name, Match(cond_t, OptionalType)->type,
+                            optional_into_nonnone(cond_t, compile(truthy_scope, condition)));
+            }
+            code = Texts(code, compile_statement(truthy_scope, if_->body));
+            if (if_->else_body) code = Texts(code, "\nelse ", compile_statement(env, if_->else_body));
+            return code;
+        }
+    }
+    case Block: {
+        return Texts("{\n", compile_inline_block(env, ast), "}\n");
+    }
+    case Comprehension: {
+        if (!env->comprehension_action) code_err(ast, "I don't know what to do with this comprehension!");
+        DeclareMatch(comp, ast, Comprehension);
+        if (comp->expr->tag == Comprehension) { // Nested comprehension
+            ast_t *body = comp->filter ? WrapAST(ast, If, .condition = comp->filter, .body = comp->expr) : comp->expr;
+            ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars = comp->vars, .iter = comp->iter, .body = body);
+            return compile_statement(env, loop);
+        }
+
+        // List/Set/Table comprehension:
+        comprehension_body_t get_body = (void *)env->comprehension_action->fn;
+        ast_t *body = get_body(comp->expr, env->comprehension_action->userdata);
+        if (comp->filter) body = WrapAST(comp->expr, If, .condition = comp->filter, .body = body);
+        ast_t *loop = WrapAST(ast, For, .vars = comp->vars, .iter = comp->iter, .body = body);
+        return compile_statement(env, loop);
+    }
+    case Extern: return EMPTY_TEXT;
+    case InlineCCode: {
+        DeclareMatch(inline_code, ast, InlineCCode);
+        Text_t code = EMPTY_TEXT;
+        for (ast_list_t *chunk = inline_code->chunks; chunk; chunk = chunk->next) {
+            if (chunk->ast->tag == TextLiteral) {
+                code = Texts(code, Match(chunk->ast, TextLiteral)->text);
+            } else {
+                code = Texts(code, compile(env, chunk->ast));
+            }
+        }
+        return code;
+    }
+    case Use: {
+        DeclareMatch(use, ast, Use);
+        if (use->what == USE_LOCAL) {
+            Path_t path = Path$from_str(Match(ast, Use)->path);
+            Path_t in_file = Path$from_str(ast->file->filename);
+            path = Path$resolved(path, Path$parent(in_file));
+            Text_t suffix = get_id_suffix(Path$as_c_string(path));
+            return with_source_info(env, ast, Texts("$initialize", suffix, "();\n"));
+        } else if (use->what == USE_MODULE) {
+            module_info_t mod = get_module_info(ast);
+            glob_t tm_files;
+            const char *folder = mod.version ? String(mod.name, "_", mod.version) : mod.name;
+            if (glob(String(TOMO_PREFIX "/share/tomo_" TOMO_VERSION "/installed/", folder, "/[!._0-9]*.tm"), GLOB_TILDE,
+                     NULL, &tm_files)
+                != 0) {
+                if (!try_install_module(mod)) code_err(ast, "Could not find library");
+            }
+
+            Text_t initialization = EMPTY_TEXT;
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < tm_files.gl_pathc; i++) {
+                const char *filename = tm_files.gl_pathv[i];
+                initialization = Texts(
+                    initialization, with_source_info(env, ast, Texts("$initialize", get_id_suffix(filename), "();\n")));
+            }
+            globfree(&tm_files);
+            return initialization;
+        } else {
+            return EMPTY_TEXT;
+        }
+    }
+    default:
+        // print("Is discardable: ", ast_to_sexp_str(ast), " ==> ",
+        // is_discardable(env, ast));
+        if (!is_discardable(env, ast))
+            code_err(ast, "The ", type_to_str(get_type(env, ast)), " result of this statement cannot be discarded");
+        return Texts("(void)", compile(env, ast), ";");
+    }
+}
+
+Text_t compile_statement(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
+    Text_t stmt = _compile_statement(env, ast);
+    return with_source_info(env, ast, stmt);
+}
diff --git a/src/compile/statements.h b/src/compile/statements.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..abe34a09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compile/statements.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "../ast.h"
+#include "../environment.h"
+#include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+
+Text_t compile_condition(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
+Text_t compile_inline_block(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
+Text_t compile_statement(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
diff --git a/src/compile/structs.c b/src/compile/structs.c
index a5889ff8..3244f6f3 100644
--- a/src/compile/structs.c
+++ b/src/compile/structs.c
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@
 #include "../stdlib/tables.h"
 #include "../stdlib/text.h"
 #include "../typecheck.h"
+#include "assignments.h"
+#include "functions.h"
 #include "pointers.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 public
 Text_t compile_struct_typeinfo(env_t *env, type_t *t, const char *name, arg_ast_t *fields, bool is_secret,
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ Text_t compile_empty_struct(type_t *t) {
 public
 Text_t compile_struct_field_access(env_t *env, ast_t *ast) {
     DeclareMatch(f, ast, FieldAccess);
-    type_t *fielded_t = get_type(env, ast);
+    type_t *fielded_t = get_type(env, f->fielded);
     type_t *value_t = value_type(fielded_t);
     for (arg_t *field = Match(value_t, StructType)->fields; field; field = field->next) {
         if (streq(field->name, f->field)) {
diff --git a/src/compile/tables.c b/src/compile/tables.c
index b53aacb0..c9feca5e 100644
--- a/src/compile/tables.c
+++ b/src/compile/tables.c
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #include "optionals.h"
 #include "pointers.h"
 #include "promotion.h"
+#include "statements.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 static ast_t *add_to_table_comprehension(ast_t *entry, ast_t *subject) {
     DeclareMatch(e, entry, TableEntry);
diff --git a/src/compile/text.c b/src/compile/text.c
index 049f8f94..9a95fd4d 100644
--- a/src/compile/text.c
+++ b/src/compile/text.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "../typecheck.h"
 #include "../types.h"
 #include "functions.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 public
 Text_t expr_as_text(Text_t expr, type_t *t, Text_t color) {
diff --git a/src/compile/text.h b/src/compile/text.h
index cdee4a5d..80502971 100644
--- a/src/compile/text.h
+++ b/src/compile/text.h
@@ -2,9 +2,14 @@
 #include "../ast.h"
 #include "../environment.h"
 #include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+#include "../stdlib/text.h"
+#include "../stdlib/util.h"
 #include "../types.h"
 
 Text_t compile_text_ast(env_t *env, ast_t *ast);
 Text_t compile_text(env_t *env, ast_t *ast, Text_t color);
 Text_t compile_text_literal(Text_t literal);
 Text_t expr_as_text(Text_t expr, type_t *t, Text_t color);
+
+MACROLIKE Text_t quoted_str(const char *str) { return Text$quoted(Text$from_str(str), false, Text("\"")); }
+MACROLIKE Text_t quoted_text(Text_t text) { return Text$quoted(text, false, Text("\"")); }
diff --git a/src/compile/types.c b/src/compile/types.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b7cf4df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compile/types.c
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#include "../types.h"
+#include "../ast.h"
+#include "../environment.h"
+#include "../naming.h"
+#include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+#include "../stdlib/text.h"
+#include "../stdlib/util.h"
+
+static Text_t quoted_str(const char *str) { return Text$quoted(Text$from_str(str), false, Text("\"")); }
+
+static inline Text_t quoted_text(Text_t text) { return Text$quoted(text, false, Text("\"")); }
+
+public
+Text_t compile_type(type_t *t) {
+    if (t == PATH_TYPE) return Text("Path_t");
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return Text("PathType_t");
+
+    switch (t->tag) {
+    case ReturnType: errx(1, "Shouldn't be compiling ReturnType to a type");
+    case AbortType: return Text("void");
+    case VoidType: return Text("void");
+    case MemoryType: return Text("void");
+    case BoolType: return Text("Bool_t");
+    case ByteType: return Text("Byte_t");
+    case CStringType: return Text("const char*");
+    case BigIntType: return Text("Int_t");
+    case IntType: return Texts("Int", String(Match(t, IntType)->bits), "_t");
+    case NumType:
+        return Match(t, NumType)->bits == TYPE_NBITS64 ? Text("Num_t")
+                                                       : Texts("Num", String(Match(t, NumType)->bits), "_t");
+    case TextType: {
+        DeclareMatch(text, t, TextType);
+        if (!text->lang || streq(text->lang, "Text")) return Text("Text_t");
+        else return namespace_name(text->env, text->env->namespace, Text("$type"));
+    }
+    case ListType: return Text("List_t");
+    case SetType: return Text("Table_t");
+    case TableType: return Text("Table_t");
+    case FunctionType: {
+        DeclareMatch(fn, t, FunctionType);
+        Text_t code = Texts(compile_type(fn->ret), " (*)(");
+        for (arg_t *arg = fn->args; arg; arg = arg->next) {
+            code = Texts(code, compile_type(arg->type));
+            if (arg->next) code = Texts(code, ", ");
+        }
+        if (!fn->args) code = Texts(code, "void");
+        return Texts(code, ")");
+    }
+    case ClosureType: return Text("Closure_t");
+    case PointerType: return Texts(compile_type(Match(t, PointerType)->pointed), "*");
+    case StructType: {
+        DeclareMatch(s, t, StructType);
+        if (s->external) return Text$from_str(s->name);
+        return Texts("struct ", namespace_name(s->env, s->env->namespace, Text("$struct")));
+    }
+    case EnumType: {
+        DeclareMatch(e, t, EnumType);
+        return namespace_name(e->env, e->env->namespace, Text("$type"));
+    }
+    case OptionalType: {
+        type_t *nonnull = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
+        switch (nonnull->tag) {
+        case CStringType:
+        case FunctionType:
+        case ClosureType:
+        case PointerType:
+        case EnumType: return compile_type(nonnull);
+        case TextType: return Match(nonnull, TextType)->lang ? compile_type(nonnull) : Text("OptionalText_t");
+        case IntType:
+        case BigIntType:
+        case NumType:
+        case BoolType:
+        case ByteType:
+        case ListType:
+        case TableType:
+        case SetType: return Texts("Optional", compile_type(nonnull));
+        case StructType: {
+            if (nonnull == PATH_TYPE) return Text("OptionalPath_t");
+            if (nonnull == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return Text("OptionalPathType_t");
+            DeclareMatch(s, nonnull, StructType);
+            return namespace_name(s->env, s->env->namespace->parent, Texts("$Optional", s->name, "$$type"));
+        }
+        default: compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "Optional types are not supported for: ", type_to_str(t));
+        }
+    }
+    case TypeInfoType: return Text("TypeInfo_t");
+    default: compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "Compiling type is not implemented for type with tag ", t->tag);
+    }
+    return EMPTY_TEXT;
+}
+
+public
+Text_t compile_type_info(type_t *t) {
+    if (t == NULL) compiler_err(NULL, NULL, NULL, "Attempt to compile a NULL type");
+    if (t == PATH_TYPE) return Text("&Path$info");
+    else if (t == PATH_TYPE_TYPE) return Text("&PathType$info");
+
+    switch (t->tag) {
+    case BoolType:
+    case ByteType:
+    case IntType:
+    case BigIntType:
+    case NumType:
+    case CStringType: return Texts("&", type_to_text(t), "$info");
+    case TextType: {
+        DeclareMatch(text, t, TextType);
+        if (!text->lang || streq(text->lang, "Text")) return Text("&Text$info");
+        return Texts("(&", namespace_name(text->env, text->env->namespace, Text("$info")), ")");
+    }
+    case StructType: {
+        DeclareMatch(s, t, StructType);
+        return Texts("(&", namespace_name(s->env, s->env->namespace, Text("$info")), ")");
+    }
+    case EnumType: {
+        DeclareMatch(e, t, EnumType);
+        return Texts("(&", namespace_name(e->env, e->env->namespace, Text("$info")), ")");
+    }
+    case ListType: {
+        type_t *item_t = Match(t, ListType)->item_type;
+        return Texts("List$info(", compile_type_info(item_t), ")");
+    }
+    case SetType: {
+        type_t *item_type = Match(t, SetType)->item_type;
+        return Texts("Set$info(", compile_type_info(item_type), ")");
+    }
+    case TableType: {
+        DeclareMatch(table, t, TableType);
+        type_t *key_type = table->key_type;
+        type_t *value_type = table->value_type;
+        return Texts("Table$info(", compile_type_info(key_type), ", ", compile_type_info(value_type), ")");
+    }
+    case PointerType: {
+        DeclareMatch(ptr, t, PointerType);
+        const char *sigil = ptr->is_stack ? "&" : "@";
+        return Texts("Pointer$info(", quoted_str(sigil), ", ", compile_type_info(ptr->pointed), ")");
+    }
+    case FunctionType: {
+        return Texts("Function$info(", quoted_text(type_to_text(t)), ")");
+    }
+    case ClosureType: {
+        return Texts("Closure$info(", quoted_text(type_to_text(t)), ")");
+    }
+    case OptionalType: {
+        type_t *non_optional = Match(t, OptionalType)->type;
+        return Texts("Optional$info(sizeof(", compile_type(non_optional), "), __alignof__(", compile_type(non_optional),
+                     "), ", compile_type_info(non_optional), ")");
+    }
+    case TypeInfoType: return Texts("Type$info(", quoted_text(type_to_text(Match(t, TypeInfoType)->type)), ")");
+    case MemoryType: return Text("&Memory$info");
+    case VoidType: return Text("&Void$info");
+    default: compiler_err(NULL, 0, 0, "I couldn't convert to a type info: ", type_to_str(t));
+    }
+    return EMPTY_TEXT;
+}
diff --git a/src/compile/types.h b/src/compile/types.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81bce10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compile/types.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+#include "../stdlib/datatypes.h"
+#include "../types.h"
+
+Text_t compile_type(type_t *t);
+Text_t compile_type_info(type_t *t);
diff --git a/src/tomo.c b/src/tomo.c
index 02a611d4..5d932ef1 100644
--- a/src/tomo.c
+++ b/src/tomo.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "ast.h"
 #include "changes.md.h"
 #include "compile.h"
+#include "compile/files.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "modules.h"
 #include "naming.h"